Talk:Microspizias

Teraspiza or Jeraspiza may be worth considering in this discussion.

Genus names Teraspiza or Jeraspiza may be worth considering in this discussion, and I wonder if they have priority over Microspizias.

Perhaps there is a part which I am missing, but there is no reference to these two names in the 2021 published report on Microspizias. Quoting the Appendix 1 (Vertebrate Zoology, 71:419), Vertebrate Zoology 71:419 (2021)

APPENDIX 1

"Incorrect subsequent spellings and (unjustified) emendations are mostly omitted for the purposes of this list."

"Hieraspiza Kaup, 1845. Type species, by designation herein, Falco virgatus Temminck, 1822 (now Accipiter virgatus). See main text."

I understand the paragraph in the opening sections about how Hieraspiza Kaup applies to a different species. Are the authors implying that Teraspiza Kaup and Jerapsiza Kaup are "incorrect subsequent spellings" and thus have not referred to them?

1. Some notes I have are as follows.

"Hieraspiza, 1844, Jeraspiza, 1851, and Teraspiza, 1867, KAUP. (Type, Falco tinus, LATHAM.)"

[Falco tinus=Accipiter superciliosus]

This was published in A History of North American Birds (vol. III, p. 220) by S. F. Baird, T. M. Brewer, R. Ridgway. Date of publication: 1874 (not more specific). Title not cited in the report on Microspizias.

A History of North American Birds (1874), 3:220

2. "Teraspiza, Kaup, P. Z. S., 1867, p. 171. [Type:] A. virgatus"

This is from Sharpe, Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum (vol. I, p. 130, genus Accipiter), which is cited in the report on Microspizias. No reference to Jeraspiza Kaup. Date of publication: June 1, 1874.

Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum, 1:130

3. "Teraspiza KAUP, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1867, 171. Same type?"

From Part 2, p. 124 of "Studies of the American Falconidae" by Robert Ridgway in Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories. Date of publication of this part: 1876.

Ridgway, Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, 2:124

The subgenus Hieraspizias Kaup [?] includes, as synonyms, Hieraspiza, Jeraspiza, and Teraspiza, with Falco tinus Linn. as the "type?".

4. Page 170--171 of Proc. Zoological Society London, 1867, includes the reference to Teraspiza, with four species named, the first of these being Accipiter virgatus. There is a figure of a feather and head of Teraspiza tinus. I do not see that the type has been actually named. This is clearly not a nomen nudum on account of the illustration.

Proceedings of the Zoological Society, 1867; p. 171

See also The Ibis, 1875, p. 471, where Teraspiza and Hieraspiza are mentioned, by J. H. Gurney, in relation to tinus. link

See also Gray, Hand-list of the Genera of Birds (vol. I, p. 33), where Jeraspizia [sic] and Hieracospiza Agassiz, 1846 are cited. The latter name was published in Index Universalis, p. 182, and is a synonym of Hieraspiza.

5. Teraspiza and Hieraspiza are actually treated separately in Index Generum Avium by F. H. Waterhouse (pp. 99, 220; published: Aug. 1, 1889). Teraspiza is listed without reference to Hieraspiza. I might consider it as a list with no regards to validating any of the names given therein, as Waterhouse suggests in the "Preface." However, I see that some names are given explicit indications to others (i.e., "Hieracospiza..= HIERASPIZA"), where, as stated, this does not hold with the entry for Teraspiza.

Jeraspizia [sic] is also mentioned in Waterhouse (109), with no reference to Hieraspiza.

Index Generum Avium, p. 99; p. 109; p.220

Some of the above titles are not mentioned either in the report on Microspizias. I wonder if there is something that I am missing, or, would either Jeraspiza or Teraspiza represent legitimate names that can be used? I see that Accipiter virgatus is treated as the type of Hieraspiza, but the difficulty is that the name Teraspiza, be it a valid one, has, possibly, a different type because in my comment #1 tinus [superciliosus] is given as the type in Baird et al, 1874, which so happens to be the same year of publication as Sharpe, 1874 (comment #2), where virgatus is given as the type of that same name.

Also, in my comment #3, Ridgway believed that tinus [superciliosus] was also the type of Teraspiza; Ridgway publishing in 1876 might thus be the "first reviser" of this name.

Citation to Jeraspiza Kaup, 1851 should also be consulted to see if a type was mentioned.

Reading the report on the new name Microspizias seems to need to address some of these points if the authors propose that they are, in a strict sense, designating in 2021 a type for Hieraspiza. Any further comments on this point are appreciated here.

@Mmslouis db-user db-user (talk) db-user db-user (talk) 23:13, 9 July 2023 (UTC)

Why Jeraspizia, Teraspiza are names which may not be used.

In reference to the above names, it is evident that they cannot be used. Johann Jakob [Kaup] (1803--1873) published many subsequent emendations to his names. The names I mentioned in my above comment, though not cited in the published report for Microspizias, can be allowed as emendations of Hieraspiza Kaup, 1845.

Jeraspizia Kaup (also, Jeraspiza [sic]) was published in Archive fur Naturgeschichte, (16, band 1, p. 34); 1850 [1851?]. link

Teraspiza Kaup was published in Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1867; pp. 170--171 with an illustration of tinus [=superciliosus]. This name, however it is in its spelling so unlike Hieraspiza, is also an emendation.

(My opinion is that the literature seems to not support a direct link or indication from the publication of Jeraspizia and from the publication of Teraspiza to the original name. Thus, the former name is simply a list (including virgatus, minullus, tinus) without reference to Hieraspiza. Likewise, Kaup in publishing Teraspiza did not actually cite the original name. I also presume, however, that these are emendations. See ICZN Code, Articles 33.2.2, 33.2.3 (33) and 32.5).

The report on the name Microspizias excludes superciliosus from consideration as the type Hieraspiza because of Kaup's publication in 1845 of the subgenus Hieraspiza ("Ueber Falken, mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der in Museum der Senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft aufgestellten Arten." Museum Senckenbergianum 3: 259), under Nisus, does not include that name nor tinus but instead lists only virgatus and Dussumieri. link It is either one of those two, the latter being a valid subspecies taxon of A. badius; further literary references such as Sharpe, 1874 (Catalogue.., see my above comment 2) and the 2021 report in Vertebrate Zoology all lead to virgatus being the type. See ICZN Code, Articles 67.2, 12.2.5.

Baird et al (my above comment 1) was published about 1875, after Sharpe (my above comment 2). It is here, as an example (as well as in Ridgway, 1876, who is not "first reviser" (my above comment 3)), that the two names Jeraspizia and Teraspiza are incorporated in the synonymy of Hieraspiza Kaup.

Gray (Catalogue of the Genera.. (1855), p. 7) likewise includes Jeraspizia as part of the genus Hieraspiza. link

*Sharpe (my above comment 2) treated Hieraspiza and Teraspiza as separate (emphasis mine) synonyms of Accipiter. However, Sharpe also designated virgatus as the type of the latter. Even if Teraspiza were to be now seen as a separate genus name and not as an emendation, superciliosus could not be the type unless some other reference from 1867--1874 exists which shows that it is, or, that the illustrated figure of tinus in Kaup, 1867 might be interpreted as indicative of a type species. See also Wallace in The Ibis (1868) pp. 6--7) where virgatus is listed under the subgenus Teraspiza, and see Walden in Trans. Zool. Soc. of London (1872, p. 33 and pl. 11) in which the name rhodogastra is cited.

@Mmslouis db-user db-user db-user db-user (talk) 02:10, 13 July 2023 (UTC)

Alfred Newton on the name Teraspiza.

From The Record of Zoological Literature, p. 82, published Nov. 1868 (A. Newton):

"Teraspiza and Erythrospiza (nec Erythrospiza, Bp. 1830!) appear to be new. The former is made to contain Falco virgatus, Reinw., Nisus rhodogaster, Schl., F. minullus, Daud., and F. tinus, Lath.;..."

link

mmslouis db-user db-user (talk) 17:28, 22 July 2023 (UTC)

Ridgway on the name Teraspiza.

Ridgway (as cited above in my comment 3), pp. 124--127, made the following remarks: "...Kaup includes in his genus "Teraspiza" a single American species, Falco tinus Linn., and two Old World species, Falco virgatus Temm. and Accipiter rhodogaster Gurney (ex Schlegel). The first of these is probably the type, or, at least, was considered typical, since it was the one selected for illustration of the generic characters." Ridgway then quotes Gurney from The Ibis (1875, pages throughout) on the distinction of tinus from the other species named, and then himself includes tinus, fontanieri, and collaris as part of the subgenus Hieraspizias, therein.

There is in all likelihood no provision in the current ICZN Code which would mandate the application of species type fixation, under the present rules, based only on an illustrated figure of an example of the said genus itself.

db-user mmslouis db-user

db-user db-user (talk) 17:47, 22 July 2023 (UTC)

Current ICZN Code, relevant Articles (67.2, 69.4)

Comments on Talk:Microspizias are included to supplement the material and discussion which appeared in Vertebrate Zoology when the name Microspizias Sangster et al, 2021, was published.

Sangster et al cite Article 67.2 as to why Hieraspiza Kaup cannot apply to tinus because that name is not a nominal species of it as it was not cited until subsequent works under Hieraspiza. Vertebrate Zoology

"67.2.2. If a nominal genus or subgenus was established before 1931 (in the case of an ichnotaxon, before 2000 [Art. 66.1]) without included nominal species [Art. 12], the nominal species that were first subsequently and expressly included in it are deemed to be the only originally included nominal species." link

However, in publishing Teraspiza, Kaup in 1867 did include tinus as a nominal species, and so I will include the wording of Article 69.4.

"69.4. "Fixation by elimination" excluded. Elimination of all but one of the originally included nominal species from a nominal genus or subgenus does not in itself constitute type fixation." link

This article means that the designation of a type species must be explicit; it cannot be a matter of simply reviewing the subsequent literature to see which name was cited next. Thus, Alfred Russel Wallace in The Ibis, 1868, refers only to virgatus when using Teraspiza, but this is not a type species designation.

See also Article 33.2 on the usage and definition of emendations.

db-user mmslouis db-user db-user db-user (talk) 18:09, 22 July 2023 (UTC)

Hieraspiza and its emendations and other spellings.

Hieraspiza, Teraspiza and their emendations and other spellings.

This is largely taken from The Birds of North and Middle America (Friedmann, 1950), pp. 141--142. link (It is also noted that Gregory M. Mathews treated the species type as Falco caerulescens Linnaeus.)

Hieraspiza Kaup, 1845 (originally included species Falco virgatus Temminck, 1822 and Falco dussumieri Temminck, 1824) (type Falco virgatus Temminck, 1822 designated by Sharpe 1874: 130)

Hieracospiza mentioned by Agassiz 1846 (synonym of Hieraspiza p. 182 - Agassiz did not use Hieracospiza, Agassiz 1842-1846: Addendum Aves p. 11 listed Hieraspiza as the correct name)

Hieraspizia mentioned by Kaup 1850: 34 (incorrect subsequent spelling)

Hierospiza Reichenbach (emendation)

Hiracospizias Heine and Reichenow (emendation)

Ieraspizia Bonaparte (emendation)

Ierospizia Bonaparte (emendation)

Jeraspizia mentioned by Kaup 1850 (incorrect subsequent spelling of Hieraspiza)

Jeraspiza Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway (incorrect subsequent spelling)

Teraspiza Kaup, 1867 (new name, can probably not be regarded as a misspelling for Hieraspiza) (included originally four nominal species and three synonyms - type Falco virgatus Temminck, 1822 designated by Sharpe 1874: 130)

Terospiza Giebel (emendation)

Teraspizias Blyth (emendation)

Hieraspizias Ridgway, 1876 (unjustified emendation for Heraspiza)

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Names and synonyms included in Microspizias.

Microspizias superciliosus (Linnaeus, 1766)

Falco superciliosus Linnaeus, 1766 link

Falco tinus Latham, 1790 link

Falco pumilus Kerr, 1792 link

Sparvius subniger Vieillot, 1817 link

Sparvius minutus Vieillot, 1817 link

? (attribution) Nisus malfini Lesson, 1831 link

Falco ferrugineus Nordmann, 1835

Microspizias superciliosus fontanieri (Bonaparte, 1853)

Accipiter Fontainieri Bonaparte, 1853 [sic] link

Accipiter superciliosus exitiosus Bangs and Penard, 1920 link

Microspizias collaris (Sclater, 1860)

Accipiter collaris Sclater, 1860 link, plate

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db-user mmslouis db-user db-user db-user (talk) 18:53, 22 July 2023 (UTC)