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[6][7][8][9][10] This is actually a binary pair of two brown dwarfs.[11][12] It was initially discovered and later that year was found to be binary, with a cooler smaller brown dwarf companion.[13] It is the nearest binary pair of dual brown dwarfs.[14]
[15][16][18][19][20] LP944-020 was first catalogued in 1975, but was unrecognized as a brown dwarf. It was rediscovered in 1991, and recatalogued as BRI 0337-3535. Its distance was determined in 1996. The correlation between the old and new catalogue entries was discovered in 1997. Its brown dwarf nature was also determined in 1997.[20][21]
[9][25] Initially announced as the coolest (400K as opposed to the preceding 500K) and nearest brown dwarf known at the time (April 2010),[26] the distance was raised from 10 light-years (3.1 pc) to 4.1 parsecs (13 ly).[9]
[4][5][45] This was one of the first three brown dwarfs acknowledge, the others being Gliese 229B and Teide 1.[24][4] PPl 15 was estimated to be on the limit between brown dwarf and red dwarf.[4][46] In 1999, it was determined that PPl 15 was actually a binary brown dwarf pair, and became the first spectroscopic binary brown dwarf.[47]
[4][5]Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page). These were three of the first four brown dwarfs acknowledged, the other being Gliese 229B. These three brown dwarfs are situated in the Pleiades star cluster.[24][4]
[4][5] This was one of the first three brown dwarfs acknowledge, the others being Gliese 229B and Teide 1.[24][4] PPl 15 was estimated to be on the limit between brown dwarf and red dwarf.[4][46] In 1999, it was determined that PPl 15 was actually a binary brown dwarf pair, and became the first spectroscopic binary brown dwarf.[47]
^ ab Astrophysical Journal, "From the Top to the Bottom of the Main Sequence: A Complete Mass Function of the Young Open Cluster M35", Barrado y Navascués, David; Stauffer, John R.; Bouvier, Jerôme; Martín, Eduardo L., Volume 546, Issue 2, pp. 1006-1018, January 2001, doi:10.1086/318283 , Bibcode:2001ApJ...546.1006B , arXiv:astro-ph/0011136
^ ab Astrophysical Journal, "Erratum: From the Top to the Bottom of the Main Sequence: A Complete Mass Function of the Young Open Cluster M35", Barrado y Navascués, David; Stauffer, John R.; Bouvier, Jerôme; Martín, Eduardo L., Volume 555, Issue 1, pp. 546-546, July 2001, doi:10.1086/321435 , Bibcode:2001ApJ...555..546B
^ abcdef Astronomy and Astrophysics, "Brown dwarfs in the Pleiades cluster: a CCD-based R, I survey", Zapatero Osorio, M. R.; Rebolo, R.; Martin, E. L., v.317, p.164-170, January 1997, Bibcode:1997A&A...317..164Z , arXiv:astro-ph/9604079
^ IAU, Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth General Assembly (Prague 2006), "A Quest for the Nearest Stars", RD Schulz, 2006, pp.92 , ISBN 9780-521-856065 , ISSN1743-9213
^ Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, "Search for radio emission from the nearby binary brown dwarf system ɛ Indi Bab", Blank, D. L., Volume 354, Issue 3, pp. 913-914, November 2004, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.08255.x , Bibcode:2004MNRAS.354..913B
^ Astronomy and Astrophysics, "ɛ Indi Ba,Bb: The nearest binary brown dwarf", McCaughrean, M. J.; Close, L. M.; Scholz, R.-D.; Lenzen, R.; Biller, B.; Brandner, W.; Hartung, M.; Lodieu, N., V.413, p.1029-1036, January 2004, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20034292 , Bibcode:2004A&A...413.1029M , arXiv:astro-ph/0309256
^ Astrophysical Journal, "Quiescent Radio Emission from Southern Late-Type M Dwarfs and a Spectacular Radio Flare from the M8 Dwarf DENIS 1048-3956", Burgasser, Adam J.; Putman, Mary E., Volume 626, Issue 1, pp. 486-497, June 2005, doi:10.1086/429788 , Bibcode:2005ApJ...626..486B , arXiv:astro-ph/0502365
^ Royal Astronomical Society of Canada, "The Observer's Handbook (2002)", 2001, pp.234, ISBN 978-0968914106
^ APOD, "2000 July 13", NASA, 2000 July 13 (accessed 2010-11-05)
^ abcdefghijklm Astrophysical Journal, "The Coolest Isolated M Dwarf and Other 2MASS Discoveries", Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Beichman, Charles A.; Skrutskie, Michael F., v.476, p.311, February 1997, doi:10.1086/303613 , Bibcode:1997ApJ...476..311K
^ ab Astrophysical Journal, "Mid-infrared followup of cold brown dwarfs: diversity in age, mass and metallicity", D Saumon, SK Leggett, B Burningham, et al., 2009 January 1, OSTI972773 , LA-UR-09-06656; LA-UR-09-6656; DOE: AC52-06NA25396; TRN: US201006%%218 (accessed 2010-11-15)
^ 15th Cambridge Workshop on Cool Stars, Stellar Systems and the Sun; "The 600K T9 dwarfs: analysis of the spectral energy distributions", D Saumon, SK Leggett, B Burningham, 21 July 2008, OSTI960519 , LA-UR-08-06009; LA-UR-08-6009; DOE: AC52-06NA25396; TRN: US201006%%1178
^ ab 14th Cambridge Workshop on Cool Stars, Stellar Systems, and the Sun ASP Conference Series, "Properties of the Coolest Dwarfs", Leggett, S.; Freedman, R.; Geballe, T.;, November 2006, Bibcode:2008ASPC..384...98L
^ Springer-Praxis, "Astrophysics Update 2", John W. Mason, 2006, ISBN 3-540-30312-X , pp.13
^ ab Proceedings of the 13th Cambridge Workshop on Cool Stars, Stellar Systems and the Sun, "Near-Infrared Photometry and Spectroscopy of L and T Dwarfs: the Effects of Clouds, Gravity, and Effective Temperature", D. A. Golimowski, S. K. Leggett, M. S. Marley, X. Fan. T. R. Geballe, G. R. Knapp, July 2004, Bibcode:2005ESASP.560..575G , arXiv:astro-ph/0409429
^ ab Astrophysical Journal, "Discovery of a Brown Dwarf Companion to Gliese 570ABC: A 2MASS T Dwarf Significantly Cooler than Gliese 229B", Burgasser, Adam J.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Cutri, Roc M.; et al., Volume 531, Issue 1, pp. L57-L60, March 2000, doi:10.1086/312522 , Bibcode:2000ApJ...531L..57B , arXiv:astro-ph/0001194
^ ab Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, "Probing the Substellar Regime with SIRTF", Martín, Eduardo L.; Brandner, Wolfgang; Jewitt, David C.; et al., Volume 113, Issue 783, pp. 529-536, May 2001, doi:10.1086/320285 , Bibcode:2001PASP..113..529M , arXiv:astro-ph/0010315
^ Astrophysical Journal, "Equilibrium Chemistry in a Brown Dwarf's Atmosphere: Cesium in Gliese 229B", Griffith, Caitlin A.; Yelle, Roger V., Volume 532, Issue 1, pp. L59-L62, March 2000, doi:10.1086/312550 , Bibcode:2000ApJ...532L..59G
^ abcd Astrophysical Journal Letters, "Synthetic Spectra and Mass Determination of the Brown Dwarf Gliese 229B", Allard, France; Hauschildt, Peter H.; Baraffe, Isabelle; Chabrier, Gilles;, v.465, p.L123, July 1996, doi:10.1086/310143 , Bibcode:1996ApJ...465L.123A
^ Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series, 'Proceedings of the 9th Cambridge workshop', "Lithium, rotation and activity in young clusters", Soderblom, D. R., volume 109, p.315, eds. Roberto Pallavicini, Andrea K. Dupree, October 1995, Bibcode:1996ASPC..109..315S
^ ab Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series, 'In Cool Stars, Stellar Systems, and the Sun: Ninth Cambridge Workshop', "An I. K Survey of the Pleiades", Jameson, R. F.; Hodgkin, S. T.; Pinfield, D. J., vol. 109, p. 363, eds. R. Pallavicini, A. K. Dupree, 1996, Bibcode:1996ASPC..109..363J
^ Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, "Brown dwarf candidates in Praesepe", Pinfield, D. J.; Hodgkin, S. T.; Jameson, R. F.; Cossburn, M. R.; von Hippel, T., Volume 287, Issue 1, pp. 180-188, May 1997, Bibcode:1997MNRAS.287..180P