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The state of Tamil Nadu in India has an electorate of more than 46 million people

The complete list of Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu consists of the heads of government in the history of the state of Tamil Nadu in India since 1920. The area under the present-day state of Tamil Nadu has been part of different territorial configurations under Madras Presidency and Madras State in its history.[1][2]

List of Chief Ministers

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Madras Presidency

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Madras Presidency in 1909, southern portion

Madras Presidency, headquartered in Fort St. George, was a province of British India that comprised present day Tamil Nadu, the Malabar region of North Kerala, the coastal and Rayalaseema regions of Andhra Pradesh, and the Bellary, Dakshina Kannada, and Udupi districts of Karnataka. It was established in 1653 to be the headquarters of the English settlements on the Coromandel Coast.

The territory under the presidency initially comprised only Madraspatnam and surrounding regions. But, after the Anglo-French wars and the consequent alliance between the English East India Company and the Nawab of Arcot, it expanded to comprise the region from Northern Circars to Cape Comorin. Alongside, the governance structure also evolved from a modest secretariat with a single secretary for the Public Department in 1670 to six departments overseen by a Chief Secretary by 1920. With the enactment of Government of India Act of 1919, the first legislature was formed in 1920 after general elections.[3] The term of the legislative council was three years. It had 132 members of whom 34 were nominated by the Governor and the rest were elected.

Under the Government of India Act, 1935, a bicameral legislature was setup with a legislative assembly consisting of 215 members and a legislative council having 56 members. The first legislative assembly under this act was constituted in July 1937. The legislative council was a permanent body with a third of its members retiring every three years.[4]

In 1939, the British government declared India's entrance into World War II without consulting provincial governments. Congress protested by asking all its elected representatives to resign from the governments.[5] Congress came back to power in 1946 after new provincial elections.[6]

#[7] Name Portrait Took office Left office Term[8] Political party Election
1 A. Subbarayalu Reddiar 17 December 1920 11 July 1921 1 Justice Party[9] 1920 Madras Legislative Council Election
2 Raja of Panagal 11 July 1921 11 September 1923 1 Justice Party[9]
3 Raja of Panagal 19 November 1923 3 December 1926 2 Justice Party[10][11][12] 1923 Madras Legislative Council Election
4 P. Subbarayan 4 December 1926 27 October 1930 1 Unaffiliated[9] 1926 Madras Legislative Council Election
5 B. Munuswamy Naidu 27 October 1930 4 November 1932 1 Justice Party[9] 1930 Madras Legislative Council Election
6 Ramakrishna Ranga Rao 5 November 1932 November 1934 1 Justice Party[9]
7 Ramakrishna Ranga Rao November 1934 4 April 1936 2 Justice Party[9] 1934 Madras Legislative Council Election
8 P. T. Rajan 4 April 1936 24 August 1936 1 Justice Party[9]
9 Ramakrishna Ranga Rao 24 August 1936 1 April 1937 3 Justice Party[9]
10 Kurma Venkata Reddy Naidu 1 April 1937 14 July 1937 1 Interim provisional ministry[13][14][15][16] 1937 Madras Legislative Assembly Election
11 C. Rajagopalachari 14 July 1937 29 October 1939 1 Indian National Congress
Governor's Rule[17] 29 October 1939 30 April 1946
12 Tanguturi Prakasam 30 April 1946 23 March 1947 1 Indian National Congress 1946 Madras Legislative Assembly Election
13 O. P. Ramaswamy Reddiyar 23 March 1947 6 April 1949 1 Indian National Congress
14 P. S. Kumaraswamy Raja 6 April 1949 26 January 1950 1 Indian National Congress
P. S. Kumaraswamy RajaO. P. Ramaswamy ReddiyarTanguturi PrakasamC. RajagopalachariKurma Venkata Reddy NaiduRamakrishna Ranga RaoP. T. RajanRamakrishna Ranga RaoP. Munuswamy NaiduP. SubbarayanPanagal RajaA. Subbarayalu Reddiar

Madras State

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Madras State, precursor to the present day state of Tamil Nadu, was created after India became a republic on 26 January 1950.[18] It comprised present-day Tamil Nadu and parts of present-day Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Kerala. The first legislature of the Madras State to be elected on the basis of universal suffrage was constituted on 1 March 1952, after the general elections held in January 1952.[19]

The state was subsequently split up along linguistic lines in 1953, carving out Andhra State. Under the States Reorganisation Act, 1956, the States of Kerala, and Mysore were carved out of the Madras state. Under the implementation of the Andhra Pradesh and Madras Alteration of Boundaries Act, 1959, with effect from 1 April 1960, Tirutani taluk and Pallipattu sub-taluk of Chittoor district of Andra Pradesh were transferred to Madras State in exchange for territories from the Chingelput and Salem Districts.[3][20]

#[7] Name Portrait Took office Left office Term[8] Political party Election
1 P. S. Kumaraswamy Raja 26 January 1950 9 April 1952 1 Indian National Congress 1946 Madras Legislative Assembly Election
2 C. Rajagopalachari 10 April 1952 13 April 1954 2 Indian National Congress 1952 Madras Legislative Assembly Election
3 K. Kamaraj 13 April 1954 31 March 1957 1 Indian National Congress
4 K. Kamaraj 13 April 1957 1 March 1962 2 Indian National Congress 1957 Madras Legislative Assembly Election
5 K. Kamaraj 15 March 1962 2 October 1963 3 Indian National Congress 1962 Madras Legislative Assembly Election
6 M. Bakthavatsalam 2 October 1963 6 March 1967 1 Indian National Congress
7 C. N. Annadurai 6 March 1967 14 January 1969 1 DMK 1967 State assembly election
C. N. AnnaduraiM. BakthavatsalamK. KamarajC. RajagopalachariP. S. Kumaraswamy Raja

Tamil Nadu

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The political state of Tamil Nadu in India was created in 1969 when erstwhile Madras State was renamed

Madras State was renamed as Tamil Nadu (Tamil for Tamil country) on 14 January 1969.[18] The legislative assembly adopted a resolution on 14 May 1986, to abolish the legislative council. Thereafter, the legislative council was abolished through an act of Parliament named the Tamil Nadu Legislative Council (Abolition) Act, 1986 with effect from 1 November 1986. The state legislature is presently unicameral with legislative assembly consisting of 235 members including one nominated member.[4]

The Chief Minister commands most of the executive powers while the Governor has a largely ceremonial role. The Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, like other Chief Ministers of India, is elected by legislators of the political party or the coalition which commands a simple majority in the legislative assembly. The tenure of the Chief Minister extends as long as he or she enjoys the confidence of the assembly. The incumbent shall vacate the office in the event of a successful motion of no confidence. Also, the President of India, acting under the recommendations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Government of India, can dismiss an elected government using certain provisions of Article 356 of the Constitution of India. In 1976, Karunanidhi's government was dismissed and President's rule was imposed on the grounds of corruption.[21] If a vacancy is caused to the office of the Chief Minister due to death, demitting, or dismissal, the Governor can invite another person to form the government and request him or her to move a confidence-seeking motion in the Assembly. In the event of no one enjoying majority support, the Assembly is either dissolved or put in suspended animation and the state comes under President's rule or a caretaker government until fresh elections are held for the assembly.

No. Picture Name
(Birth–Death); Constituency 		CM Term of office Elections
(Assembly) 		Political party Refs
1 File:Annadurai CM.jpg C. N. Annadurai
(1909-1969)
Nominated 		1 14 January
1969		 3 February
1969† 		1967 (1st) Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam [22]
first state in India since independence to achieve a non-Congress majority government; introduced two-language over the three language formula; renamed "Madras State" as "Tamil Nadu"; legalized Self-Respect marriages; 2nd World Tamil Conference was conducted in Chennai; issued an order of removal of the pictures of gods and religious symbols from public offices and buildings; died in office due to oral cancer
2 File:V R Nedunchezhiyan 2011 02 17.JPG V.R. Nedunchezhiyan
(1920-2000)
MLA for Triplicane 		– 3 February
1969		 10 February
1969 		1967 (1st) Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam [23]
Took over as acting Chief Minister after Annadurai's death; refused to run as party leader due to lack of support from DMK leaders; Karunanidhi, who had the support of M.G.R. was unanimously elected as the leader of DMK and the next Chief Minister.
3 M. Karunanidhi
(1924-)
MLA for Saidapet 		2 3 February
1969		 31 January
1976 		1967 (2nd) Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam [24]
3 1971 (3rd)
increased power tariff for agriculturist to ensure adequate returns for state government;[25] establishment of Salem Steel Plant; ended prohibition in 1971, due to lack of support from Central government to enforce it;[26] dispute with Kerala over expulsion of Keralan peasants in Gudalur;[27] expelled treasurer and popular actor M.G.R. for anti-party activities; M.G.R formed breakaway party ADMK and won by-election in Pondicherry;[28] re-instated prohibition in 1974; opposed emergency which was initiated by President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, upon advice of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.
– President's rule – 31 January
1976		 30 June
1977 		– Indian National Congress (Indira) [29]
DMK majority government dismissed by President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, due to corruption charges submitted by M.G.R.;[30] multiple protests against Indira Gandhi's dictoral rule during emergency conducted by DMK leaders led to the arrest of many of its prominent members including former chief minister Karunanidhi and his son M.K. Stalin.[31]
4 File:MGR with K Karunakaran (cropped).jpg M. G. Ramachandran
(1917-1987)
MLA for Aruppukottai 		4 30 June
1977		 17 February
1980 		1977 (4th) All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam [32]
supported Morarji Desai and Janata Party after 1977 Lok Sabha election; 2 members of ADMK were elected to Charan Singh's ministery making them the first non-Congress cabinet ministers from Tamil Nadu.
– President's rule – 17 February
1980		 9 June
1980 		– Indian National Congress (Indira) [33]
M.G.R's majority government was dismissed, along with 8 other states by President Neelam Sanjiva Reddy after the 1980 Lok Sabha election loss; Indian National Congress (Indira) and its newly formed alliance with DMK were embolden with the recent election win and hoped to capitalized on what they felt was a loss of faith in the ADMK government and fresh legislative election was called.
(4) File:MGR with K Karunakaran (cropped).jpg M. G. Ramachandran
(1917-1987)
MLA for Madurai West (1980-84)
MLA for Andipatti (1984-87) 		5 9 June
1980		 24 December
1987† 		1980 (5th) All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam [34]
6 1984 (6th)
5th World Tamil Conference was conducted in Madurai; ended prohibition and reintroduced sale of alcohol in 1981; Expansion of Mid-day Meal Scheme; Inaugurated Krishna Water Supply Project in 1983 along with Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister, N.T. Rama Rao and Prime Minister Indira Gandhi; supported LTTE during Sri Lankan Civil War and opposed sending of Indian troops to end the war; Housing scheme for Harijans; Won both Lok Sabha and legislative elections in 1984, becoming the first Chief Minister since Kamaraj to win three straight elections; In 1986, the gov't granted annual Dearness allowance for all employees including annual "Pongal gift" to teachers and other government employees; Tamil Nadu Legislative Council was abolished; supported The Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act 1986, after initial opposition; re-instated prohibition in 1987; supported the sending of IPKF and signing of Indo-Sri Lanka Accord in 1987 to help end the Sri Lankan Civil War; died in office due to cardiac arrest after multiple hospitalization for kidney failure and stroke[35][36][37]
(2) File:V R Nedunchezhiyan 2011 02 17.JPG V.R. Nedunchezhiyan
(1920-2000)
MLA for Athoor 		– 24 December
1987		 7 January
1988 		1984 (6th) All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam [38]
After announcing M.G.R's death, state Finance Minister Nedunchezhiyan, swore in as interim chief minister for the second time; Multiple riots and deaths took place after M.G.R's death, especially during his funeral;
5 File:Janaki Ramachandran Feb 16 2011.jpg Janaki Ramachandran
(1923-1996)
Nominated 		7 7 January
1988		 30 January
1988 		1984 (6th) All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam [39]
wife of M.G.R., who was sworn in as first woman Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu after being invited to form the government by governor S.L. Khurana; actress-turned politician and close friend of M.G.R., J. Jayalalithaa and her party supporters were briefly arrested for breaking into AIADMK party headquarters to oppose the current CM; Won vote of confidence in state legislature after bitter fight between both factions in AIADMK.
– President's rule – 30 January
1988		 27 January
1989 		– Indian National Congress [40]
President R. Venkatraman initiated President's rule and dismissed Janaki's short-lived administration, with the advice of Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi and his party at the center. This dismissal came after "one of the worst fights in history of parliamentary democracy in India" in the state assembly between the two AIADMK factions (Janaki and Jayalalithaa); P. C. Alexander was sworn in as governor of Tamil Nadu;[41] Fresh elections were called a year into President's rule with Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi's Congress party contesting without an alliance with DMK or AIADMK for the first time since 1977 election.[42]
(3) M. Karunanidhi
(1924-)
MLA for Harbour 		8 27 January
1989		 30 January
1991 		1989 (7th) Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam [43]
Murasoli Maran was included in V.P. Singh's cabinet making him the first DMK cabinet minister at the centre; ended prohibition; Adi-Dravidar Free Housing Schemes; assassination of the Eelam People's Revolutionary Liberation Front (EPRLF) office bearers in Chennai by LTTE.[44]
– President's rule – 30 January
1991		 24 June
1991 		– Indian National Congress [45]
DMK majority government was dismissed and President's rule was initiated by President R. Venkatraman, with the advice of Indian Prime minister Chandra Shekhar using Article 356 of the Indian Constitution. The reason cited for the dismissal was the deterioration of law and order in the state and the DMK's alleged closeness to the LTTE; Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi.
6 J. Jayalalithaa
(1948-)
MLA for Bargur 		9 24 June
1991		 12 May
1996 		1991 (8th) All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam [46]
Sun TV was launched; 15-Point Programme for Child Welfare; Cradle baby scheme was introduced to reduce daughter infanticide; All Women police station were introduced and opened in all districts; 8th World Tamil Conference was conducted in Thanjavur; TMC, a breakaway party from INC, was formed due to disagreement with Prime Minister P. V. Narasimha Rao in the inclusion of AIADMK as an ally for upcoming elections.
(3) M. Karunanidhi
(1924-)
MLA for Chepauk 		10 13 May
1996		 13 May
2001 		1996 (9th) Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam [34]
former CM Jayalalithaa was arrested for corruption charges in her previous regime; renaming of the city Madras to Chennai; 1997 Tamil Nadu train blasts; invocation of National Security Act by state government to curb violence after the blasts;[47] Jain Commission Report was released indicting the current CM's role in his previous regime for lapses during the assassination of Rajiv Gandhi. This led to the fall of I.K. Gujral's government at the centre, and new parliamentary election to take place; ties up with Bharatiya Janata Party in 1999 parliamentary election, and wins an election nationally for the first time since 1980 Lok Sabha election.
(6) J. Jayalalithaa
(1948-)
Nominated 		– 14 May
2001		 21 September
2001 		2001 (10th) All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam [34]
appointment as Chief Minister was declared null and invalid with retrospective effect due to criminal conviction from her previous administration. This resulted in O. Panneerselvam being elected as new Chief Minister.
7 O. Panneerselvam
(1951-)
MLA for Periyakulam 		11 21 September
2001		 1 March
2002 		2001 (10th) All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam [34]
Served as Chief Minister for only 6 months, until Jayalalithaa cleared up her corruption charges and officially became CM after winning the Andipatti bye-election.
(6) J. Jayalalithaa
(1948-)
MLA for Andipatti 		12 2 March
2002		 12 May
2006 		2001 (10th) All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam [34]
Implemented 18-Point Programme for Child Welfare; arrest of Shankaracharya Jayendra Saraswathi and subsequent criticism of the handling of it; 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami;
(3) M. Karunanidhi
(1924-)
MLA for Chepauk 		13 13 May
2006		 16 May
2011 		2006‡ (11th) Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam [34]
“one rupee a kilogram” rice scheme; distribution of free television sets; 2G spectrum scam; construction of new assembly building in Chennai.
(6) J. Jayalalithaa
(1948-)
MLA for Srirangam 		14 16 May
2011		 Incumbent 2011 (12th) All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam [48]

†:Died in office.
‡:Party with the plurality of seats formed a coalition government, since no party could get a majority of seats

J. JayalalithaaM. KarunanidhiJ. JayalalithaaO. PanneerselvamJ. JayalalithaaM. KarunanidhiJ. JayalalithaaPresident's ruleM. KarunanidhiPresident's ruleJanaki RamachandranV.R. NedunchezhiyanM. G. RamachandranPresident's ruleM. G. RamachandranPresident's ruleM. KarunanidhiV.R. NedunchezhiyanC. N. Annadurai

Timeline

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Records

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File:MGR Mathialagan Anna Rajaji Karunanidhi.jpg
M. G. Ramachandran (standing), K. A. Mathialagan, C. N. Annadurai, C. Rajagopalachari and M. Karunanidhi
  • Ignoring an intervening President's rule from 17 February 1980 to 9 June 1980, the Chief Minister with the longest tenure (in successive terms) in office was M. G. Ramachandran, lasting 10 years, 5 months and 25 days from 30 June 1977 until his death on 24 December 1987.
  • K. Kamaraj was the Chief Minister with the longest tenure without intervening President's rules. His terms lasted from 13 April 1954 to 2 October 1963, i.e. 9 years, 5 months and 19 days.
  • The shortest period is 24 days by Janaki Ramachandran who held office from 7 January 1988 to 30 January 1988.
  • The person to have been appointed Chief Minister the maximum number of times is M. Karunanidhi. He is the only Chief Minister with 5 terms in office (10 February 1969 – 4 January 1971, 15 March 1971 – 31 January 1976, 27 January 1989 – 30 January 1991, 13 May 1996 – 13 May 2001, 13 May 2006 – 2011).

Footnotes and References

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  1. ^ Government of Tamil Nadu — Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu since 1920
  2. ^ Government of Tamil Nadu — Assemblies — An Overview
  3. ^ a b Government of Tamil Nadu — Tamil Nadu Secretariat — Brief History
  4. ^ a b Legislative bodies of India - Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly
  5. ^ The Telegraph - Own Goal - Partition became inevitable once the Congress resigned in 1939
  6. ^ Pakistan - toward partition
  7. ^ a b The colours indicate the political party affiliation of each Chief Minister.
  8. ^ a b The ordinal number of the term being served by the person specified in the row in the corresponding period
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h World Statesmen.org — Provinces of British India
  10. ^ Rajaraman, P. (1988). The Justice Party: a historical perspective, 1916-37. Poompozhil Publishers. pp. 212–220. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  11. ^ Sundararajan, Saroja (1989). March to freedom in Madras Presidency, 1916-1947. Lalitha Publications. pp. 334–389. OCLC 20222383. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  12. ^ S. Krishnaswamy (1989). The role of Madras Legislature in the freedom struggle, 1861-1947. People's Pub. House (New Delhi). pp. 126–131.
  13. ^ Though Congress won the election, it refused to form the government as it did not like the Governor's veto power over the cabinet. The Governor of Madras, Lord Erskine, decided to form an interim provisional Government with non-members and opposition members of the Legislative Assembly. V. S. Srinivasa Sastri was first offered the Chief Ministership of the interim government but he refused to accept it. Eventually an interim Government was formed under Kurma Venkata Reddy Naidu on 1 April 1937. It lasted till July, when the Congress accepted Viceroy Linlithgow's assurance that the veto would not be abused and decided to form the government.
  14. ^ Ramanathan, K. V. (2008). The Satyamurti letters: the Indian freedom struggle through the eyes of a parliamentarian, Volume 1. Pearson Education India. pp. 301–5. ISBN 8131714888, ISBN 9788131714881.
  15. ^ Menon, Visalakshi (2003). From movement to government: the Congress in the United Provinces, 1937-42. Sage. p. 75. ISBN 0761996206, ISBN 9780761996200.
  16. ^ Nagarajan, Krishnaswami (1989). Dr. Rajah Sir Muthiah Chettiar: a biography. Annamalai University. pp. 63–70.
  17. ^ Congress Ministries in all the provinces of British India resigned on 29 October 1939 protesting the viceroy's declaration of war against Germany. Madras Presidency remained under "the direct rule of the Governor of the Province" till the next elections were held in March 1946. (INDIA (FAILURE OF CONSTITUTIONAL MACHINERY) HC Deb 16 April 1946 vol 421 cc2586-92)
  18. ^ a b World Statesmen.org — Indian states since 1947
  19. ^ Government of Tamil Nadu — The State Legislature — Origin and Evolution
  20. ^ Historical Importance of Kanchipuram
  21. ^ The Hindu - Delhi's warning
  22. ^ JOSEPH LELYVELD (November 5, 1967). "Madras Is Stable Despite Its Political Upheaval; A Possible Partner". The New York Times.
  23. ^ "June 1969 - Orissa. - Report on Inquiry into Corruption Charges against Former Ministers". Keesing's Record of World Events. June 1969.
  24. ^ "Top judge warns Mrs. Gandhi". The Age. March 14, 1971.
  25. ^ "Power Rate rise defended". Sunday Standard. June 3, 1970.
  26. ^ Gerald Ratzin (October 7, 1971). "Repeal Indian Style". Sydney Morning Herald.
  27. ^ Ram Sundar (March 24, 1973). "India states in dispute". The Leader-Post.
  28. ^ Bernard Weintraub (October 5, 1974). "Politics and Movies". The Milwaukee Journal.
  29. ^ "Power in Tamil Nadu taken over by Ghandi". Eugene Register-Guard. February 1, 1976.
  30. ^ "Gandhi moves accepted with docility". The Calgary Herald. August 18, 1976.
  31. ^ "Two die as crowds protest Mrs. Gandhi's visit". The Sun. October 31, 1977.
  32. ^ PRAN SABHARWAL (July 1, 1977). "Indian movie star begins 'real-life' political role". The Sun.
  33. ^ "State govts. ousted". Ottawa Citizen. February 18, 1980.
  34. ^ a b c d e f {{cite news}}: Empty citation (help)
  35. ^ M G Ramachandran: My Blood Brother
  36. ^ One More Shot
  37. ^ India mourns actor-turned politician Ramachandran
  38. ^ "Riots erupt over Tamil chief's death". Spokesman-Review. December 25, 1987.
  39. ^ "New Tamil chief named". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. January 4, 1988.
  40. ^ STEVEN R. WEISMAN (January 31, 1988). "Gandhi Dissolves State Rule After Assembly Brawl". New York Times.
  41. ^ New Straits Times. February 3, 1988 http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=HRFZAAAAIBAJ&sjid=QZADAAAAIBAJ&dq=tamil%20nadu&pg=4794%2C544794. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  42. ^ "Rajiv bids strongly for Tamil Nadu". New Straits Times. January 18, 1989.
  43. ^ T.N. Gopalan (January 11, 1991). "All but an appeal for votes". Indian Express.
  44. ^ "Gandhi party routed in early returns". Ellensburg Daily Record. January 23, 1989.
  45. ^ Manivannan, R. (25 January 1992). "1991 Tamil Nadu Elections: Issues, Strategies and Performance". Economic and Political Weekly. 27 (4). Economic and Political Weekly: 164–170. Retrieved 20 January 2010.
  46. ^ "India's 'guardian angel' Ex-actress plays a new role: icon worshipped by millions". Toronto Star. August 27, 1994.
  47. ^ Karunanidhi invokes NSA to curb violence
  48. ^ "Jayalalithaa begins third term as Chief Minister today". NDTV. 16 May 2011.

See also

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