Talk:Legend of the Four Blood Bars

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LECTURER'S COMMENTS

Legend of the Four Blood Bars[edit] The Legend of the Four Blood Bars is a legend about the origins of the Senyera Reial (ST, I am happy that you leave the original name, but can you provide a guiding translation at least the first time it appears?) that appeared for the first time in 1551 at Segunda parte de la crónica general de España, a chronicle edited by Pere Antoni Beuter from (PREP) Spanish in Valencia. This legend places the Senyera Reial origins on Wilfred the Hairy. Specifically, it narrates that the sign of the four bars was created after a battle against the Normans, when the King of the Franks doused his hands in the blood of Wilfred the Hairy's injuries. After swiping his fingers over the golden shield of the Earl of Barcelona he said: “These will be your arms, Earl”.

The Legend of the Four Blood Bars does not appear in any other historical work before Beuter’s work in 1551, even though the affiliation of Senyal Reial to the lineage of the Barcelona's Earl was already established by the kings of Aragon in the fourteenth century. In the fifteenth century, there appeared early versions (GRAM: go for complex passive voice) of the legend that explained the creation of this heraldic sign by some blood marks on a golden shield. Finally, in the sixteenth century, it was Beuter who noticed that he had found the legend of Wilfred the Hairy and the blood bars in some alleged "manuscripts". He gave no further data. Although it cannot be imputed with absolute certainty that Beuter was the creator of the legend, it seems clear that the alleged “manuscript” source was either remitting to an earlier source, or it was a subterfuge to avoid any subsequent critique.

The Valencian Legend of the Four Blood Bars was an immediate and fulminating success that was copied by all the later historians that made it a true story. It was not until 1812 that the Catalan historian Joan de Sans i de Barutell discredited any truth to the Valencian legend of the four bars, noting the historical incoherences regarding Wilfred the Hairy (840-897). Meanwhile, heraldic Faustino Menéndez Pidal de Navascués proved that heraldic did not reach Europe until the second quarter of the twelfth century (1125-1150). Although in 1812 Joan de Sans i de Barutell completely discredited (WO) the historicity of the legend, it is still a beautiful legend, which is why artists felt the need to graphically reproduce it and glossed (GRAM) it with poems. The Valencian Legend of the Four Blood Bars that appeared in the sixteenth century should not be confused with the Llegenda medieval de Guifré el Pilós (ST Give me a guiding translation), compiled by the monks of Santa Maria de Ripoll Monastery in the twelfth century.

Background[modifica | modifica el codi][edit] The link between the Senyera Reial and the Earl Wilfred the Hairy dates back to the fourteenth century, when the King Pere III el Ceremoniós indicated that the Senyera Reial was originally from Barcelona’s Earls (Question: is it BCN's Ears or the Earls of BCN?). That is how, in 1385, he ordered to put barred shields at the county graves of Girona’s Cathedral, corresponding to Ramon Berenguer II i Ermessenda de Carcassona. Indeed, when the King wrote the Ordinacions de la Casa (ST Same as the titles above) he established that the Creu d’Aïnsa (ST same) was the shield of the old Aragon kings and not the Senyal Reial, which he considered from the lineage of Barcelona’s Earls. In this sense, in its (GRAM) Cròniques dels reis d'Aragó e comtes de Barcelona (ST same) a miniature comes up, which represents Wilfred of Arrià, mythical father of Wilfred the Hairy, who wears a barred shield. In this way, when the son of Peter IV of Aragon, Prince and future King John I of Aragon «the Haunter» (TIP les cometeeeees), asked in 1376 to Father James Dominic to write his genealogy and also his wife's in Genealogia regum Navarrae et Aragoniae et comitum Barchinonae (ST same). Once again, a miniature of Wilfred of Arrià is represented, the mythical father of Wilfred the Hairy, wearing a shield with the Senyal Reial. So sure kings were (ST ?) that the Senyal Reial was originally from the counts' lineage of Barcelona that they publicly expressed it. As Martin I of Aragon «the Human» (TIP) and Alfonso V «the Magnanimous» (TIP) did.

Crònica dels reys d'Aragó e comtes de Barcelona BGUS ms 2664 f22v.jpg

Genealogies dels comtes de Barcelona-sXV-09.jpg

Cronica D´Aragon-Palos de Aragon- Condes de Barcelona.jpg Primary versions of the legend[modifica | modifica el codi][edit]

Weapons from family Aguilar-Priego (after Fernández de Córdoba) The Legend of the Four Blood Bars does not appear in its definitive version in any historical work before Beuter's work in 1551.[1] It was Beuter who warned about having found the legend "according to what I found written" in his supposed "personal manuscript". Even though one cannot impute the invention of the legend to Beuter with absolute security, it seems clear that the resource of the supposed "personal manuscript" either refers to a previous source or was subterfuged to avoid any subsequent criticism.[1] Historian Agustí Aloberro i Pericay points out that, in any case, whether he was the inventor of Beuter's legend or the legend is an adaptation of an earlier version that circulated in Valencia, the "personal manuscript" would not be very prior (GRAM) to 1551.[1]

Otger Cataló's version and the blood bars of 1532 [modifica | modifica el codi][edit] Aragonese historian Gualberto Fabrico de Vagad, in his play Crónica de Aragón (ST same) (1499) explained again that the first king in Aragon who took the Royal Banner was Alfonso the Chaste, son of the count of Barcelona Ramos Berenguer IV, making it clear that they were "the canes of Catalonia". Historian Lucio Marineo Sículo expressed it in a similar way in his play De Aragoniae Regibus (1509), introducing the novelty that the emblem had its origin in the mythical Knight Otger Cataló.[2] Lucio Marineo Sículo's play was translated into Spanish by Juan de Molina and printed in Valencia with the name Crónica de Aragón. Starting from this translation, Spanish historian Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés invented a primitive version of the legend of the four bars in his autograph play Catálogo Real de Castilla (ST same).[3] The Spanish historian explains that the Knight Otger Cataló arms were a golden shield and, while he was fighting against the Saracens, when he wanted to reach his shield, five blood-stained fingers stack on it. When the battle ended, Otger Cataló commanded from that moment that it would be the shield of his successors.

(Catalan) Encara que no s'esmenta ni a la crónica aragonesa ni a la de Catalunya, atès que ve al cas parlar d'aquestes armes, diré aquí allò que he vist escrit i pintat en llibres d'armes antics. Respecte al més antic, que és el nombre de cinc bastons, escriuen que lluitant contra els moros el dit Otger Cataló portava un escut franc tot daurat i que fou ferit en una mà. I així com la tenia ensangonada, volent adreçar el dit escut o posar-lo en la seva voluntat, el senyalà d'adalt a baix amb tots els cinc dits ensangonats i quedaren cinc línies o bastons de sang sobre el daurat escut. I vençuda la batalla amb molta prosperitat manà que l'escut així es quedés i d'aleshores en endavant foren aquelles les seves armes i les dels seus successors.

(English) Although it is not mentioned neither in the Chronicle of Aragon nor in the Chronicle of Catalonia, in view of the fact that it has to do (its is relevant to?) with talking about these weapons, I will say here what I have seen written and painted in books about old weapons (LEX se refereix a coat of arms). Regarding the oldest one, which is the number of five bars, it is written that fighting against the Moors the said Otger Cataló wore a golden shield and he was wounded in a hand. As well as (St And even if...) he had it all bloody, he wanted to reach the named shield or put it in his will (?)?. Then he stained it with all his bloody five fingers from top to bottom and there were five lines or canes of blood on the golden shield. When he won the battle with great prosperity he ordered to maintain the shield as it was. From then on, those would be his weapons (LEX fa referència a coat of arms) and the weapons of this (this or his?) successors. Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés: Catálogo Real de Castilla (1532).

The Catalan historian and archiver Pere Miquel Carbonell denied any historical background of the legendary Knight Otger Cataló in his work 'Chròniques de Espanya fins ací no divulgades (ST same) (1513), which was printed in 1547. [3] Finally, in 1551 the first version of the legend written in 1532 focusing in Otger Cataló was adapted by the Valencian historian Pere Antoni Beuter, [1] who published it in his work Segunda parte de la crónica general de España (ST same), a chronicle that was published in Spanish in Valencia, in the year 1551. The Valencian historian changed the legendary Knight Otger Cataló for the historical Earl Wilfred the Hairy, the Saracen people for the Normans, and the accidental mark of the bloody fingers above the golden shield for the epic formal concession of the Emperor of the Franks to the Barcelona's Earl; in this way, the definitive version of Legend of the Four Blood Bars was established.

Legend of the Four Blood Bars[modifica | modifica el codi][edit]

Badge with the Senyal Reial When in the Segunda parte de la crónica general de España (St same) it's REG) time to explain the facts of Earl Wilfred (Barcelona’s Hairy) (???), Beuter adds the episode of the Legend of the Four Blood Bars. [4][1] Beuter explains t'hat the Normans attacked France and Earl Wilfred the Hairy went to help the Frank Emperor. Once the Normans were defeated, Earl Wilfred the Hairy asked to Emperor Louis —it is not certain which Louis was (GRAM where is the subject), if Louis I (814-840), Louis II (877-879), or Louis III (879-882)— to give him a shield of weapons (LEX same as above)'. Following his petition, the king got close to him and wet his right-hand fingers in an injury that the Earl had, sweeping them top to bottom above the Earl's golden shield and he said: “These will be your weapons (LEX same), Earl”.

(Catalan) En aquest succés, els normands entraren per la terra de França, i l'emperador Lluís necessità de gent per a resistir-los. Anà a servir-lo el comte amb els cavallers barcelonins que amb ell es trobaven. I lluitaren amb els normands valerosament i els venceren. En aquesta batalla, segons he trobat escrit en uns quaderns de mà, es diu que el comte Jofre Valerós demanà a l'emperador Lluís que li donés armes que pogués portar a l'escut, que portava daurat sense cap divisa. I l'emperador, veient que havia estat en aquella batalla tant valerós que, malgrat les ferides, féu meravelles amb les armes, s'acostà a ell, i mullà la mà dreta de la sang que li sortia al comte, i passà els quatre dits ensangonats per sobre de l'escut daurat, de dalt a baix, fent quatre ratlles de sang, i digué: Aquestes seran les vostres armes, comte. I d'allí prengué les quatre ratlles, o bandes, de sang en camp daurat, que son les armes de Catalunya, que ara en diem d'Aragó.»— Pere Antoni Beuter: Segunda parte de la crónica general de España (1550).

(English) In this event, the Normans entered into (PREP) France, and Emperor Louis needed people to fight them back. The Earl went to serve him with the Knights (TIP) from Barcelona who were with him. And they fought bravely against the Normans and they defeated them. In this battle, according to what I have found written in some notebooks, it is said that Earl Jofre Valerós asked to emperor Louis to give him weapons (LEX same) that (SENSE) he could carry on the golden shield, that carried with no insignia. And the Emperor, realizing that he had been so bravely (GRAM) in that battle that (where), in spite of the injuries, he had done wonderful things with the weapons, he got close to him, and wet his right-hand of the blood that sprouted from the Earl, and he swiped the four bloody fingers above the golden shield from top to bottom, making four lines of blood, and he said: “These will be your weapons (LEX), Earl. And there he took the four lines or stripes of blood in a golden field, that they are (for açò) the weapons from (PREP) Catalonia, what we refer today as Aragon.” — Pere Antoni Beuter: Segunda parte de la crónica general de España (1550).

...

Legend of the four blood bars (TIP)[en la primera linia es repeteix aquesta errada] a chronicle by Pere Antoni Beuter edited (WO) Legend of the four blood bars (TIP) Earls of Barcelona (ST) the bood bars(ORT) the presumed “notebooks’” (ST)+(TIP) legend of four blood bars (GR) Valencian legend (GR) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Cristinafv (talk • contribs) 18:20, 21 March 2016 (UTC)

Ramon Berenguer II i Ermessenda de Carcassona (TIP) of old kings of Aragon (ST) her wife's on in (GR) hand notebook/personal notebook (ST) the legend of the four bars (TIP) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Andreuchulia (talk • contribs) 16:01, 21 March 2016 (UTC)

say that here that the number of bars (SUPR) I won the (GR) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Cristinafv (talk • contribs) 18:23, 21 March 2016 (UTC)

knight Otger (ST) Cataló (TIP) knight Otger (ST) Emperor of the Frank people (ST) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Meritxellayet (talk • contribs) 13:51, 17 March 2016 (UTC)

Legend of the four blood bars (TIP) Norman people (GRAM) France and Earl (TIP) weapons; then (TIP) swiping (ST)/(ORT) top to bottom (NMS) notebooks (ST) ear Jofre (TIP) bravely (GRAM) weapons, (ST) sashes (LEX)

COMMENTS FROM THE EXTERNAL LINGUIST

from Spanish to Valencia (GRAM) the origins of Senyera Reial (GRAM) it narrates that the signal of the four bars (LEX) Hairy's injuries. After that he slipped his fingers (TEX) he slipped his fingers (LEX) These will be your weapons, Earl (LEX) he creation of this heraldic signal (LEX) workbooks (LEX) recourse (LEX) that made it true. (GRAM) Meanwhile, the heraldic Faustino Menéndez Pidal de Navascués (GRAM) did not haunt in Europe until second quarter of the twelfth century (LEX/GRAM) Valencian Legend of the Four Blood Bars that appeared (GRAM) cheap shields (FS) comes up a miniature which represents (GRAM) her wife's (GRAM) brother (ORT) represented again, the mythical father of Wilfred the Hairy, (TEX) So sure kings were that the Senyal Reial was originally from the counts' lineage of Barcelona that they publicly expressed as much Martin I of Aragon «the Human» as Alfonso V «the Magnanimous» did. (TEX/GRAM) historical play (LEX) until Beuter play in 1551 (GRAM) according to what I had found written (GRAM) personal workbook (LEX) While anyone cannot impute with absolute security the invention of the legend to Beuter (GRAM) was subterfuge to avoid any subsequent criticism (GRAM) whether he was the inventor of Beuter's legend (NMS) El Nobiliario vero de l'any 1485 (Supressió de tota una secció) Otger Cataló's version and the blood bars in 1532 (NMS) Royal Flag (LEX) had been translated into Spanish (GRAM) autobiographical (LEX) address the shield (LEX) will say that here that I have seen all these things written and painted in old weapons' books (GRAM) the number of bars (SUP) As well as he had it bloody, as he wanted to run the named shield or put it in his wishes, (GRAM/LEX) he pointed with all (LEX) And won the battle with such prosperity he ordered that the shield remained in that way and from then on, these were his weapons and these would be the weapons of his successors. (TEX/GRAM/LEX) denied some historical background (NMS) above the golden shield (GRAM) Earl Wilfred the Hairy's facts from Barcelona (NMS) Earl Wilfred the Hairy asked to emperor Louis (GRAM) it is not fixed (LEX) shield of weapons (LEX) into the France land (LEX) weapons that he could carry the shield (LEX/GRAM) that he carried it golden without any insignia (GRAM) bravely (GRAM) that they are the weapons from Catalonia that now it is called from Aragon (GRAM)

— Preceding unsigned comment added by Rcarrasc (talk • contribs) 07:41, 7 April 2016 (UTC)