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Map doesn't make sense

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The map on the article is entirely unscientific. Among other things, why are continents arbitrarily divided at points that do not have any significant correlation to demographics. For example, what does the lines dividing South America or France in half even mean? The data itself is also very dubious. The populations of Argentina and Uruguay for instance are around 90% of European origin. It would make a lot more sense for their lactose intolerance to be lower than that of, say, Haiti or Guatemala. --132.183.15.120 (talk) 18:37, 5 January 2012 (UTC)[reply]

Replied at Talk:Lactose intolerance#Map doesn't make sense. joe•roet•c 19:27, 5 January 2012 (UTC)[reply]

Agreed, the map seems to be completely random. Even with the numbers posted right beside it, to does not seem to reflect them, assuming the sources in the table and the table itself is reliable. Kniwor (talk) 06:00, 3 April 2012 (UTC)[reply]

Genetic nomenclature

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The nomenclature used for the genetic changes in this article are nothing like standard and confusing and very difficult to understand.

eg "It was found that C−13910 (C at position -13910 upstream of the gene LCT)"

Something like "LCT: c.-13910C" is closer to the appropriate nomenclature. The nucleotide should come after the number. But, while this is correct in form, it is probably wrong in fact because I don't know where the numbering starts. The "c." at the start says that number counts from translation start; this is not necessarily the same as "upstream from the gene" — Preceding unsigned comment added by 121.44.8.29 (talk) 07:18, 28 April 2013 (UTC)[reply]

Please fix table

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Would somebody with the know-how please fix the Distribution table such that the Intolerance% figures are correctly sortable. At present they are sorting in an alpha string sequence instead of a numeric one. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 124.149.45.241 (talk) 14:50, 20 January 2014 (UTC)[reply]

Table

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I don't know about people from other regions, but Balkans doesn't have 55% of population intolerant, the number is just too high. The amount of dairy eaten in this part of the world just makes it impossible. I don't know where did the author of reference 27 find this data, but I can't find any other that corroborate it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 93.87.247.84 (talk) 21:14, 19 May 2014 (UTC)[reply]

Persistence or intolerance?

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I'm confused by this article, which I've read after reading the one on Lactose intolerance of which it is evidently a spinoff article; because the table in the Distribution section claims to record not Lactase persistence but Lactose intolerance (with no comment). I'm not an expert, but a quick glance at the literature says that these are not the same thing. Indeed some recent papers suggest that lactose intolerance is so badly defined a concept as to make statistics almost meaningless. Lactase persistence/deficiency on the other hand is more readily measured both by pathological tests and genetic markers.

If there were more figures in the Allele frequency column, it would make more sense. But without these, it suggests that this section should be moved to the other article and that it should contain some health warnings. Chris55 (talk) 13:58, 18 July 2014 (UTC)[reply]

Room for Expansion

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Additional information about the allelic mutation distribution amongst different geographic populations: this would help to illustrate that not all human lactase persistence is derived from a common ancestor.

The Global Spread section: There is great room for expansion in this section. For example discussing the fact that lactase persistence is a convergent evolution amongst populations.


Evolutionary Advantage section: clarification could be more specifically made about the more ancestral advantages of lactase persistence which may have led to it gaining genetic traction. In addition, there is evidence of two different evolutionary processes which affect European population’s vs Middle Eastern/African populations. I would like to explore these a little more within this or the Global Spread section.

In addition, more graphics displaying ancestral distribution of LP alleles may be helpful to include. Thomas.2553 (talk) 17:58, 30 September 2014 (UTC)thomas.2553[reply]

Possible Suggestions for expanding:

1. Perhaps adding a section about the difference between drinking fresh milk (requires lactase persistence) and fermented products like cheese lessening the need for lactase persistence? 2. Adding that milk usage was likely in the population before the lactase persistence gene arose. 3. Talking about populations that were pastoral and yet have very low lactase persistence rates.


This could be an interesting area to expand on. I will look in to more data regarding these types of facts. I will look further into recommendation 2. It would be interesting to explore whether or not the lactase persistence gene has been seen in any other organisms which may or may not be closely related to humans.Thomas.2553 (talk) 18:07, 3 October 2014 (UTC)[reply]

Note of Revisions

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Thank you to those who helped revise my edits. I appreciate the use of the AWB to help edit some of the changes made by the other OSU student (London.34.osu.edu) and myself. While I had not looked in to the vitamin D deficiency angle, I fact checked this portion of the other student's addition and found the research to be quite interesting. I will continue to research and make minor edits to the page's format. I think there is some overlapping information within the sections, so I will go in to the page and try to remove repetitive information.Thomas.2553 (talk) 21:47, 2 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]

Section on nonhumans unclear

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The first paragraph of the section concerns how most mammals can't absorb lactose in adulthood and that lactase persistence might be unique to humans, and then the following paragraph remarks how domestic cats can be lactose intolerant in adulthood.

This is confusing because based on the first part, the reader would assume domestic cats to be unable to absorb lactose in adulthood, but the second part puts that into question by implying that lactose intolerance is the exception among domestic cats. Maybe this is another issue with the difference between nonpersistence and intolerance?

Maybe it assumes the reader has an expectation that cats often drink milk and is trying to clarify that cats are no exception to the rule in the first part of the section, counter to popular belief. That seems to be roughly the goal of the cited article. However, the WebMD article also states that some cats are lactose tolerant in adulthood, which apparently conflicts with the rest of the section. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Adrusi (talk • contribs) 02:31, 30 August 2015 (UTC)[reply]

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Imprecise terminology

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This statement is problematic: "Today, this haplotype can be found in 80% of Europeans and those of European ancestry (e.g. Oceanians and Americans)..." Both of those classifications (Oceanians and Americans) are vague geographical terms that provide little insight into ancestry, and both regions were entirely occupied until relatively recently by people who were not of European ancestry. Perhaps the parenthetical phrase can simply be dropped as unnecessary and confusing. 850 C (talk) 18:24, 14 April 2016 (UTC)[reply]

LP frequencies

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The frequency tables were apparently deemed inappropriate in a lactase persistence afd [1]. I've therefore replaced them with external links to the LP genotype and phenotype frequencies, and moved the lactase persistence phenotype frequencies here since they are raw percentages like the lactase persistence genotype frequencies:

Lactase persistence frequencies

Lactase persistence phenotype frequencies

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Distribution

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Human group Individuals examined Intolerance (%) Reference Allele frequency[1]
Dutch N/A 1 [2] N/A
Danes N/A 4 [3] N/A
Europeans in Australia 160 4 [4] 0.20
Swedes N/A 5–7 [5][6] N/A
Basques 85 8.3 [7] N/A
British N/A 5–15 [8] 0.184–0.302[9]
Germans 1805 6–23 [10] N/A
Swiss N/A 10 [4] 0.316
European Americans 245 12 [4] 0.346
Tuareg N/A 13 [8] N/A
Ukrainians N/A 13 [11] N/A
Finns N/A 14–23 [12] N/A
Austrians N/A 15–20 [8] N/A
Belarusians N/A 15 [11] N/A
Spaniards (non-Basque) N/A 15 [13] N/A
Russians N/A 16 [11] N/A
Northern French N/A 17 [8] N/A
Central Italians 65 19 [14] N/A
Mexicans (nationwide) N/A 16–33 [15] N/A
Tutsi N/A 20 [4] 0.447
Fulani N/A 23 [4] 0.48
Bedouins N/A 25 [8] N/A
Portuguese adults 102 25 [16] N/A
Saami (in Russia and Finland) N/A 25–60 [17] N/A
Southern Italians 51 41 [14] N/A
Jews, Yemenite N/A 44 [18] N/A
African American Children N/A 45 [19] N/A
Northern Italians 89 52 [14] N/A
North American Hispanics N/A 53 [8] N/A
Balkans N/A 55 [8] N/A
Mexican American Males N/A 55 [19][20] N/A
Cretans N/A 56 [19] N/A
Chileans (Santiago) 116 60 [21] 0.712
Maasai 21 62 [22] N/A
Jews, Sephardic N/A 62 [18] N/A
Southern French N/A 65 [8] N/A
Greek Cypriots N/A 66 [19][20] N/A
Northern Indians 77 66.2 [23] 0.737
Jews, Ashkenazi N/A 68.8 [19][20] N/A
Chileans (Temuco) 115 70 [21] 0.825
Sicilians 100 71 [24][25] N/A
Rural Mexicans N/A 73.8 [19][20] N/A
Easter Island aboriginals 86 74 [21] 0.87
African Americans 20 75 [4] 0.87
Lebanese 75 78 [26] N/A
Alaskan Inuit N/A 80 [19][20] N/A
Australian Aborigines 44 85 [4] 0.922
Jews, Mizrahi (Iraq, Iran, etc.) N/A 85 [18] N/A
Southern Indians 76 88.2 [23] 0.895
Bantu 59 89 [4] 0.943
Sardinians 120 89.2 [27] 0.946
Asian Americans N/A 90 [19][20] N/A
Mapuche Chileans 29 90 [21] 0.95
Peru Mestizos N/A 90< [8] N/A
Northeastern Han Chinese 248 92.3 [28]
Chinese 71 95 [4] 0.964
Southeast Asians N/A 98 [19][20] N/A
Thais 134 98 [4] 0.99
Native Americans 24 100 [4] 1.00

The precision of these figures varies greatly depending on number of people sampled.

Lactose intolerance levels also increase with age. At ages 2–3 yr, 6 yr, and 9–10 yr, the amount of lactose intolerance is, respectively:

Chinese and Japanese populations typically lose between 20 and 30% of their ability to digest lactose within three to four years of weaning. Some studies have found that most Japanese can consume 200 ml (8 fl oz) of milk without severe symptoms.[31] Milk tolerance is about 81% in Japanese adults.[31]

Of the 10% of the Northern European population who develop lactose intolerance, it is a gradual process spread out over as many as 20 years.[32]

The allele frequencies associated with lactase persistence (T-13910) were 10.9% in ancient groups of Hungary, 35.9% in modern-day Hungarians and 40% in Hungarian Szeklers of Transylvania, respectively.[33]

Lactase persistence genotype frequencies

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Genetic analysis of lactase persistence has identified five main causal variants associated with the LP trait: T-13910, C-14010, G-13907, G-14009 and G-13915. The T-13910 mutation primarily occurs among lactose tolerant populations in Europe, from where it is believed to have arisen and dispersed. G-13915 is centered in the Middle East, the allele's presumed area of origin. The G-13907 variant is concentrated among Afroasiatic speakers in Northeast Africa.[34] The G-14009 mutation is based in Ethiopia.[35] C-14010 is today most common among pastoralist groups inhabiting eastern Africa, having likely arrived from parts of the Sahara that were previously inhabited by Afroasiatic-speaking populations. This was deduced from the existence of animal husbandry- and milking-related loanwords of Afroasiatic origin in various Nilo-Saharan and Niger-Congo languages, as well as from the earliest appearance of processed milk lipids on ceramics which were found at the Tadrart Acacus archaeological site in Libya (radiocarbon-dated to ~7,500 BP, close to the estimated age of the C-14010 allele).[36]

Below are frequencies of lactase persistence associated alleles in global populations:

Population/Region Country Number of chromosomes -14010 G>C (rs145946881) -14009 T>G (rs820486563) -13915 T>G (rs41380347) -13910 C>T (rs4988235) -13907 C>G (rs41525747) Total LP associated alleles
Adygei[37] Russia 34 12% 12%
Afar[38] Ethiopia 152 1% 1% 18% 1% 24% 45%
Ajman[39] Kuwait 74 0% 0% 6% 0% 0% 6%
Akan[40] Ghana 392 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Akie[41] Tanzania 28 25% 0% 0% 0% 25%
Ama[41] Sudan 4 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Algerian[42] Algeria 21 33% 33%
Amhara[38] Ethiopia 152 0% 3% 4% 0% 6% 13%
Amhara (phenotyped)[43] Ethiopia 108 0% 5% 6% 0% 2% 12%
Andaman and Nicobar Islands[44] India 68 0% 0% 0% 2% 0% 2%
Anuak[38] Ethiopia 138 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Arabs[45] Saudi Arabia 248 0% 0% 57% 0% 1% 58%
Arabs[46] Sudan 46 13% 7.6% 2.2%
Arabs[45] Syria, Iraq, Lebanon, West Bank 40 0% 0% 11% 13% 0% 24%
Arabs (Baggara)[46] Chad 27 3.7% 46.3% 1.9% 51.9%
Arabs (Dhofaris, Southern)[34] Oman 420 0% 0% 72% 0% 0% 72%
Arabs (El Hayz)[46] Egypt 34 5.9% 1.5%
Arabs (Northern)[47] Oman 684 0% 0% 14% 1% 0% 15%
Arabs (Palestinian)[37] Israel 102 4% 4%
Arabs (Palestinian)[48][49] Israel/Palestinian Authority 36 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Arabs (Rashaayda)[46] Sudan 52 76.9% 76.9%
Arabs (Shuwa)[46] Nigeria 53 0.9% 6.6% 8.5%
Arabs (Urban)[34] Israel 84 0% 1% 1% 2% 0% 5%
Arabs (Urban)[48][49] Israel 162 0% 1% 6% 0% 0% 6%
Armenians[42] Armenia 88 1% 1%
Armenians[34] Armenia 102 0% 0% 0% 18% 0% 18%
Asante[38] Ghana 70 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Assyrians[42] Syria 80 4% 4%
Azeri[34][42] Azerbaijan 80 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% 1%
Balochi[37] Pakistan 50 36% 36%
Balti[50] Pakistan 46 0% 0%
Baluch[50] Pakistan 38 34% 34%
Bantu (Northeast)[37] Kenya 24 0% 0%
Bantu[51] Malawi 310 0% 0%
Bantu[37] South Africa 16 0% 0%
Bantu[51] Uganda 44 0% 0%
Basques[37] France 48 67% 67%
Basques[50] France 170 66% 66%
Bedouin[37] Israel 98 3% 3%
Bedouin (Arabs)[52] Israel 302 28 2% 2%
Bedouin (Israeli)[48][49] Israel 38 0% 0% 13% 3% 0% 16%
Beja (Banuamir)[41] Sudan 12 0% 17% 0% 25% 42%
Beja (Beni Amer)[38] Sudan 170 0% 11% 24% 1% 6% 42%
Beja (Hadandawa)[41] Sudan 22 0% 9% 0% 18% 27%
Belarusians[34] Belarus 100 0% 0% 0% 23% 0% 23%
Berber[51] Morocco 154 14% 14%
Berber Amizmiz (High-Atlas)[53] Morocco 78 0% 0% 0% 14% 0% 14%
Berber Moyen-Atlas (Mid-Atlas)[53] Morocco 66 0% 0% 0% 14% 0% 14%
Berber (Mozabite)[37] Algeria 60 22% 22%
Berber (M'zab)[53] Algeria 66 0% 0% 0% 16% 0% 16%
Brahui[37] Pakistan 50 34% 34%
Brahui[50] Pakistan 60 27% 27%
Brazzaville[38] Congo 104 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
British[54] Scotland 1032 82% 82%
British (Central)[54] England 1368 76% 76%
British (Northern)[54] England 2336 75% 75%
British (Southeastern)[54] England 1894 70% 70%
British (English)[34] United Kingdom 102 0% 0% 0% 75% 0% 75%
British (Orcadian)[37] England 32 69% 69%
Builsa[38] Ghana 42 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Burji[41] Kenya 16 6% 0% 0% 0% 6%
Burunge[41] Tanzania 36 38% 0% 0% 0% 38%
Burusho[37] Pakistan 50 10% 10%
Burusho[50] Pakistan 60 2% 2%
Cambodian[37] Cambodia 22 0% 0%
Catalans[34] Spain 58 0% 0% 0% 26% 0% 26%
Chagga[38] Tanzania 92 14% 0% 0% 0% 0% 14%
Chewa[38] Malawi 100 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Dagestans (Mixed)[50] Russia 46 13% 13%
Dai[37] China 20 0% 0%
Datog[41] Tanzania 8 63% 0% 0% 0% 63%
Daur[37] China 20 5% 5%
Dinka[41] Sudan 18 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Dinka[51] Sudan 68 0% 0%
Dorobo[41] Tanzania 20 40% 0% 0% 0% 40%
Druss[50] Russia 34 12% 12%
Druze[37] Israel 96 2% 2%
Druze[48][49] Israel 28 0% 0% 11% 4% 0% 14%
Egyptians (Copts)[35] Sudan 39 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
El Molo[41] Kenya 18 11% 0% 0% 0% 11%
Estonians[55] Estonia 628 0% 0% 0% 51% 0% 51%
Finns[45] Finland 1876 0% 0% 0% 58% 0% 58%
Finns (Eastern)[50] Finland 154 0% 0% 0% 55% 0% 55%
Finns (Western)[50] Finland 308 0% 0% 0% 62% 0% 62%
Fiome[41] Tanzania 24 55% 0% 0% 0% 55%
French[37] France 58 43% 43%
French[50] France 34 34% 34%
Frisians[34] Netherlands 58 0% 0% 0% 81% 0% 81%
Fulani[48][49] Cameroon 102 0% 0% 0% 39% 0% 39%
Fulani[50] Sudan 88 48% 48%
Fulani[35] Sudan 39 0% 0% 0% 46% 0% 46%
Fulbe[56] Cameroon 102 21% 21%
Gabra[41] Kenya 18 0% 28% 0% 11% 39%
Georgians[34] Georgia 108 0% 0% 0% 8% 0% 8%
Germans[34][42] Germany 60 0% 0% 0% 55% 0% 55%
Greek-Cypriots[34] Cyprus 120 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% 1%
Greeks[57] Greece 200 9% 9%
Greeks[34][42] Greece 120 0% 0% 0% 15% 0% 15%
Hadza[41] Tanzania 36 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Han[37] China 90 0% 0%
Han[50] China 200 0% 0%
Han[34] Singapore 98 0% 0% 0% 4% 0% 4%
Han (Northern)[58] China 138 0% 0% 0% 0%
Hausa[51] Cameroon 36 14% 14%
Hazara[50] Pakistan 28 4% 4%
Hazara[37] Pakistan 50 8% 8%
Hezhen[37] China 20 0% 0%
Hezhen[59] China 154 0% 0%
Hezhen[58] China 196 0% 0% 0% 0%
Hungarian[60] Hungary 220 62% 62%
Hungarian[61] Hungary 362 36% 36%
Indians (Central)[44] India 358 0% 0% 0% 6% 0% 6%
Indians (Dawoodi Bohra, Gujarat)[62] India 100 0% 0% 0% 11% 0% 11%
Indians (Dawoodi Bohra, Tamil Nadu)[62] India 124 0% 0% 0% 14% 0% 14%
Indians (East)[44] India 620 0% 0% 0% 2% 0% 2%
Indians (Mappla)[34] India 124 0% 0% 0% 2% 0% 2%
Indians (North)[44] India 580 0% 0% 0% 16% 0% 16%
Indians (North)[34][42] India 120 0% 0% 0% 20% 0% 20%
Indians (North East)[44] India 278 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% 1%
Indians (North, Lucknow)[63] India 154 0% 0% 0% 19% 0% 19%
Indians (Shia)[62] India 142 0% 0% 0% 10% 0% 10%
Indians (South)[44] India 1728 0% 0% 1% 9% 0% 9%
Indians (South)[34] India 102 0% 0% 0% 12% 0% 12%
Indians (South, Bangalore)[63] India 152 0% 0% 0% 7% 0% 7%
Indians (Sunni)[62] India 164 0% 0% 0% 10% 0% 10%
Indians (West)[44] India 936 0% 0% 0% 21% 0% 21%
Iraqw[41] Tanzania 78 58% 0% 0% 0% 58%
Iranians[45] Iran 42 0% 0% 0% 10% 0% 10%
Iranians[34][42] Iran 154 0% 0% 1% 3% 0% 4%
Iranians[50] Iran 42 10% 10%
Iranians (Shia)[62] India 98 0% 0% 0% 4% 0% 4%
Irish[34][42] Ireland 68 0% 0% 0% 96% 0% 96%
Italians[56] Italy 134 13% 13%
Italians (Central)[57] Italy 196 11% 11%
Italians (Central-North)[57] Italy 412 13% 13%
Italians (North)[37] Italy 28 36% 36%
Italians (North-Eastern)[57] Italy 438 24% 24%
Italians (Sardinian)[57] Italy 306 7% 7%
Italians (Sardinian)[37] Italy 56 7% 7%
Italians (South)[50] Italy 200 5% 5%
Italians (South)[57] Italy 378 8% 8%
Italians (Tuscan)[37] Italy 16 6% 6%
Italians (Tyroleans Bozen)[34] Italy 80 0% 0% 0% 15% 0% 15%
Italians (Tyroleans Gadertal)[34] Italy 76 0% 0% 0% 42% 0% 42%
Italians (Tyroleans Vinschgau)[34] Italy 102 0% 0% 0% 36% 0% 36%
Japanese[37] Japan 62 0% 0%
Japanese[34] Singapore 84 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Jews (Ashkenazi)[52] Israel 192 9% 9%
Jews (Ashkenazi)[42] Poland 96 8% 8%
Jews (Ashkenazi)[34][42] United Kingdom 38 0% 0% 0% 11% 0% 11%
Jews (Iraqi)[52] Israel 192 4% 4%
Jordanian[45] Jordan 112 0% 0% 5% 5% 0% 11%
Jordanian[48][49] Jordan 46 0% 0% 35% 0% 0% 35%
Kalash[50] Pakistan 60 0% 0%
Kalash[37] Pakistan 50 0% 0%
Kalenjin (Marakwet)[41] Kenya 14 36% 7% 0% 0% 43%
Kalenjin (Nandi)[41] Kenya 8 25% 0% 0% 0% 25%
Kashmiri[50] Pakistan 40 12% 12%
Kazak[59] China 188 5% 5%
Kazak[58] China 194 0% 0% 0% 0%
Kazak[64] Uzbekistan 166 16% 16%
Khalka[34] Mongolia 114 0% 0% 0% 3% 0% 3%
Kikuyu[41] Kenya 4 75% 0% 0% 0% 75%
Komi[50] Russia 20 15% 15%
Konso[41] Kenya 12 8% 8% 0% 0% 17%
Koreans[50] South Korea 46 0% 0%
Kuvale[65] Angola 108 6% 0% 0% 0% 0% 6%
Kuwaiti[34] Kuwait 66 0% 0% 25% 3% 0% 30%
Kuwaiti[42] Kuwait 28 0% 0%
Lahu[37] China 20 0% 0%
Maale[38] Ethiopia 132 0% 5% 4% 0% 2% 11%
Maasai[41] Kenya 64 58% 0% 0% 8% 61%
Maasai[41] Tanzania 38 45% 0% 0% 0% 45%
Macedonians[34] Macedonia 100 0% 0% 0% 24% 0% 24%
Makrani[37] Pakistan 50 34% 34%
Makrani (Baluch)[50] Pakistan 58 17% 17%
Mambila[38] Cameroon 134 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Man[59] China 130 0% 0%
Man (Manchu)[58] China 216 0% 0% 0% 0%
Mandjak[38] Senegal 114 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Manjo[38] Cameroon 80 0% 3% 0% 0% 1% 4%
Masalit[41] Sudan 2 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Mbugu[41] Tanzania 60 31% 0% 0% 0% 31%
Mbugwe[41] Tanzania 26 27% 4% 0% 0% 31%
Melanesian (NAN)[37] Solomon Islands 44 0% 0%
Miaozu[37] China 20 0% 0%
Mixed[40] South Africa 124 7% 0% 0% 22% 0% 28%
Mohannes[50] Pakistan 58 28% 28%
Mongols[59] China 164 2% 2%
Mongols[58] China 212 0% 0% 0% 0%
Mongols[37] China 20 10% 10%
Mongols[34] Mongolia 52 0% 0% 0% 4% 0% 4%
Mordvins (Erzya)[50] Russia 60 27% 27%
Mordvins (Erzya)[34] Russia 42 0% 0% 0% 14% 0% 14%
Mordvins (Moksha)[34] Russia 32 0% 0% 0% 41% 0% 41%
Mordvins (Moksha)[50] Russia 60 28% 28%
Moroccans[50] Morocco 180 18% 18%
Moroccans[45] Morocco 24 0% 0% 8% 21% 0% 29%
Moroccans[52] Israel 192 9% 9%
Mozambique (Maputo, Ronga Bantu)[56] Mozambique 94 1% 1%
Mutran[39] Kuwait 58 0% 0% 55% 0% 3% 58%
Naxi[37] China 20 0% 0%
Nenets[66] Russia 178 7% 73%
Nepalese[34] Nepal 38 0% 0% 0% 34% 0% 34%
Nilotes[35] South Sudan 48 0% 0% 0% 0%
Nog[50] Russia 40 7% 7%
Northern European[48][49] Mixed 110 0% 0% 0% 62% 0% 62%
Norwegians[34] Norway 88 0% 0% 0% 84% 0% 84%
Nso[51] Cameroon 60 0% 0%
Nuba (Koalib[41] Sudan 2 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Nuba (Liguri/Logorik[41] Sudan 2 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Nubians (Dunglawi)[48][49] Sudan 12 0% 0% 0% 0% 8% 8%
Nubians (Mahas)[45] Sudan 30 0% 0% 17% 0% 0% 17%
Nuer[38] Ethiopia 74 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Nuer[41] Sudan 10 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Nyaneka-Nkhumbi[65] Angola 306 3% 0% 0% 0% 0% 3%
Ob-Ugric[50] Russia 40 3% 3%
Ogiek[41] Kenya 22 36% 0% 0% 0% 36%
Omani[47] Oman 104 0% 0% 77% 3% 0% 80%
Omani (Southern)[47] Oman 420 0% 0% 72% 0% 0% 72%
Oromo[38] Ethiopia 150 1% 3% 7% 0% 7% 18%
Oromo (Borana)[41] Kenya 16 13% 19% 0% 13% 44%
Oromo (phenotyped)[43] Ethiopia 152 1% 3% 13% 0% 5% 23%
Oroqen[37] China 20 0% 0%
Oroqen[59] China 90 1% 1%
Oroqen[58] China 136 0% 0% 0% 0%
Ovimbundu[65] Angola 192 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1%
Papuan[37] Papua New Guinea 34 0% 0%
Pare[41] Tanzania 20 10% 0% 0% 0% 10%
Pashtuns/Afghans[34] Afghanistan 32 0% 0% 0% 6% 0% 6%
Pathan[50] Pakistan 56 30% 30%
Pathan[37] Pakistan 50 30% 30%
Pathan (Parsi)[50] Pakistan 58 14% 14%
Pokot[41] Kenya 28 29% 4% 0% 0% 32%
Polish[67] Poland 400 46% 46%
Polish[68] Poland 446 0% 30% 0% 30%
Portuguese[34] Portugal 96 0% 0% 0% 44% 0% 44%
Portuguese (Central)[69] Portugal 140 39% 39%
Portuguese (North)[69] Portugal 128 38% 38%
Portuguese (North)[56] Portugal 180 37% 37%
Portuguese (South)[69] Portugal 130 27% 27%
Pygmy[38] Cameroon 36 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Qashqai[50] Iran 20 5% 5%
Rangi[41] Tanzania 70 27% 0% 0% 0% 27%
Rendille[41] Kenya 16 13% 13% 0% 6% 31%
Roma[34] Slovakia 64 0% 0% 0% 6% 0% 6%
Roma[42] Slovakia 108 11% 11%
Romanians[34] Romania 118 0% 0% 0% 17% 0% 17%
Russians[37] Russia 50 24% 24%
Russians (Northwest)[70] Russia 298 0% 0% 0% 39% 0% 39%
Russians (Perm)[34] Russia 46 0% 0% 0% 24% 0% 24%
Saami[50] Finland 60 17% 17%
Saami[34] Sweden 60 0% 0% 0% 29% 0% 29%
Sabaot[41] Kenya 12 17% 0% 0% 0% 17%
Saharawi[50] Morocco 114 26% 26%
Saharawi[45] Morocco 22 0% 0% 18% 23% 0% 41%
Samba’a[41] Tanzania 6 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Samburu[41] Kenya 18 28% 6% 0% 6% 40%
San[37] Namibia 14 0% 0%
San[38] Namibia 34 6% 0% 0% 0% 0% 6%
Sandawe[41] Tanzania 62 13% 0% 0% 0% 13%
São Tomé[56] São Tomé and Príncipe 50 5% 5%
Saudis (Bedouin)[48][49] Saudi Arabia 94 0% 0% 48% 0% 0% 48%
Saudis (Central)[71] Saudi Arabia 180 0% 0% 61% 0% 0% 61%
Saudis (Eastern)[71] Saudi Arabia 164 0% 0% 62% 0% 0% 62%
Saudis (Northern)[71] Saudi Arabia 164 0% 0% 52% 1% 0% 53%
Saudis (Southern)[71] Saudi Arabia 184 0% 0% 58% 0% 0% 58%
Saudis (Western)[71] Saudi Arabia 172 0% 0% 65% 1% 0% 65%
Scandinavians[37] Finland and Sweden 360 82% 82%
Seklers (Eastern Trasylvania)[61] Romania 130 40% 40%
Sena[38] Mozambique 136 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Sengwer[41] Kenya 32 6% 0% 0% 0% 6%
Shabo[38] Ethiopia 48 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
She[37] China 20 0% 0%
Shilook[41] Sudan 16 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Shuwa Arabs[38] Cameroon 124 0% 0% 8% 2% 0% 10%
Sindhi[37] Pakistan 50 32% 32%
Sindhi[50] Pakistan 56 41% 41%
Somali[38][72] Ethiopia 186 1% 2% 5% 2% 6% 16%
Somali (phenotyped)[72] Ethiopia 218 0% 1% 5% 2% 6% 15%
Somali[41] Kenya 2 0% 50% 0% 0% 50%
Somali[50] Somalia 158 3% 3%
Sorbs[34] Germany 64 0% 0% 0% 50% 0% 50%
South Africans[38] South Africa 40 8% 0% 0% 0% 0% 8%
Southern European[48][49] Italy 66 0% 0% 0% 9% 0% 9%
Spanish[73] Spain 1718 39% 39%
Spanish[34] Spain 62 0% 0% 0% 40% 0% 40%
Sudanese Arabs (Gaali)[45] Sudan 20 0% 0% 0% 0% 5% 5%
Sudanese Arabs (Jaali)[48][49] Sudan 172 0% 6% 13% 1% 1% 21%
Sudanese Arabs (Shaigi)[48][49] Sudan 18 0% 17% 6% 0% 0% 22%
Suri[38] Ethiopia 100 4% 0% 0% 0% 0% 4%
Swedes[74] Sweden 784 74% 74%
Swedes[34] Sweden 74 0% 0% 0% 78% 0% 78%
Syrians[34] Syria 140 0% 0% 3% 2% 0% 5%
Tadjiks[34] Afghanistan 28 0% 0% 0% 25% 0% 25%
Tadjiks[42] Afghanistan 80 8% 8%
Tajiko-Uzbek[64] Uzbekistan 200 10% 10%
Tharu[34] Nepal 80 0% 0% 0% 18% 0% 18%
Tibetans (Nagqu)[75] China 418 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Tibetans (Shigatse)[75] China 572 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Tigray[43] Ethiopia 88 0% 3% 11% 0% 19% 34%
Tu[37] China 20 0% 0%
Tugen[41] Kenya 26 21% 0% 0% 0% 21%
Tujia[37] China 20 0% 0%
Turkana[41] Kenya 12 17% 0% 0% 0% 17%
Turks (Anatolian)[42] Turkey 98 3% 3%
Turks (Anatolian)[34] Turkey 116 0% 0% 0% 8% 0% 8%
Udmurts[50] Russia 60 33% 33%
Ukranians[42] Ukraine 92 22% 22%
Ukranians[34] Ukraine 74 0% 0% 0% 26% 0% 26%
Uygur[37] China 20 5% 5%
Uzbeks[34] Afghanistan 54 0% 0% 0% 24% 0% 24%
Uzbeks[42] Afghanistan 30 3% 3%
Uzbeks[34] Uzbekistan 76 0% 0% 0% 4% 0% 4%
Wata[41] Kenya 2 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Wolayta[43] Ethiopia 52 2% 4% 12% 0% 8% 25%
Wolof[38] Senegal 138 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Xhosa[40] South Africa 218 13% 0% 0% 0% 0% 13%
Xibo[37] China 18 0% 0%
Yaaku[41] Kenya 28 54% 0% 0% 4% 58%
Yakuts[37] Russia 50 6% 6%
Yakuts[34] Russia 110 0% 0% 0% 5% 0% 5%
Yakuts (North)[34] Russia 22 0% 0% 0% 14% 0% 14%
Yamba[51] Cameroon 42 0% 0%
Yemeni (Al-Akhkum)[46] Yemen 66 1.2% 1.2% 65.1% 67.5%
Yemeni (Hajja)[46] Yemen 34 61.8% 61.8%
Yemeni (Hudeida)[46] Yemen 43 0.8% 59.1% 1.5% 61.4%
Yemeni (Hadramaut)[34] Yemen 166 1% 0% 24% 2% 1% 28%
Yemeni (Hadramaut)[46] Yemen 40 26.3% 3.8% 30.1%
Yemeni (Sena)[34] Yemen 68 0% 0% 29% 15% 0% 44%
Yemeni (Sana’a University)[47] Yemen 478 0% 0% 55% 0% 0% 55%
Yemeni (Socotra)[46] Yemen 65 58.5% 4.6% 63.1%
Yizu[37] China 20 0% 0%
Yoruba[37] Nigeria 50 0% 0%

References

[edit]
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  34. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az Anke Liebert (2014). "Evolutionary and molecular genetics of regulatory alleles responsible for lactase persistence" (PDF). University College London. pp. 215–223. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
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  39. ^ a b "Brief communication: Effect of nomadic subsistence practices on lactase persistence associated genetic variation in Kuwait" (PDF). American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 152 (1): 140–144. 2013. Retrieved 15 September 2017. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
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  42. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Mulcare CA. 2006. The Evolution of the Lactase Persistence Phenotype [PhD Thesis]. London: University of London.
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Alternatively, the LP genotype frequencies can simply be noted alongside the LP phenotype frequencies. Soupforone (talk) 05:02, 30 September 2017 (UTC)[reply]

Evolutionary History

[edit]

The Evolutionary History section is out of date, in particular the first paragraph, where it suggests that lactase persistence emerged 10,000 years ago. They now have ancient DNA from fossil skeletons showing that people who raised dairy cows and consumed dairy products since 8000 BP were all lactose intolerant. For example, LBK, Yamna, some people in the Middle East. The studies cited here were using DNA from people alive today, analyzing things like microsatellite variation, then estimating divergence times. That kind of analysis is, at best, good to within a close order or magnitude. All this has been widely reported in the press and popular science magazines, as the new data has been flooding in from one study after another. Lactase persistence is actually half as old as previously thought. Zyxwv99 (talk) 23:27, 8 December 2017 (UTC)[reply]

What about cats?

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In the section "In nonhumans" it is stated this is "a uniquely human phenomenon." As the statement was unsourced, I've marked it as such. AFAIK it's wrong because cats have lactase persistence too (and BTW, while editing the above mentioned section I've seen a commented reference linking to something about cats and lactose intolerance.) If someone knows a good reference to quote, it would be nice. --Arny (talk) 10:37, 9 September 2019 (UTC)[reply]

"As the statement was unsourced, I've marked it as such", I agree this is a big claim and requires some sources. "(...) cats have lactase persistence too", do they? My very brief Googling seems to confirm they mostly don't as by this piece. Ideally, we would get a book chapter or scientific article quantitatively stating how little (if any) lactase the "average adult cat" has or something similar. BernardoSulzbach (talk) 01:40, 10 September 2019 (UTC)[reply]

Lactase persistence evolved from a milk consuming community of lactose intolerants; lactese persistence evolved after the usage of milk, not beforehand

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It's a myth that many individuals were lactase persistent before the lifelong usage of milk.

Even if one person in three thousand was lactase persistent, it's a lie that the whole community changed customs for that individual.

The truth is that all individuals - absolutely all - of milk consuming societirs initially were lactose intolerant.

Most people had issues with milk, so initially they would mostly eat other food, use it mixed, drink small quantities or let it ferment not necessarily in a conscious manner about the craft of fermentation, but simply allow it to get a little bit older in a shadowy place, covered with leaves and inside it should had herbs to inhibit the bacterial growth.

Many individuals of the first milk-consuming societies would have bowel issues; mainly gasses. But consumption in small quantities mixed with food, herbs and some fermentation and cooking, would constitute the milk less burdensome for the bowel. That initial processing would give time, for gene deactivation with histones and DNA methylation. If histones and methyl groups are beneficial for a specific DNA gene suppression; they usually occupy the same DNA section for many generations. Initially we thought that histones and methyl groups are neutral, or protective for the DNA code, but actually under some conditions of their necessary presence, they increase the rate of mutations versus the other regions (this doesn't mean that histones and methyl groups are hamful, but when combined and are forced to dwell for many generations in the same place). Some people claim that even when the DNA labeling is removed for meiosis (meiosis because we care about what is carried to the next generation), some bends and defects might remain, or the damage might be cause during the preparation for meiosis; the last one is considered the case, because some de-labeling might be relatively violent if repeated in the same DNA place for many generations; that certainly increases the rate of mutations (the rate of mutations in a region which has to get labeled and de-labeled for many generations is higher, and then the resulting mutant region doesn't require labeling or it might require only in some conditions; thus a mutation in this region is beneficial because then less cell functions will be occupied needlessly. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A02:2149:8484:1700:916C:77A9:F6B9:2583 (talk) 10:56, 30 September 2019 (UTC)[reply]

milk contains proteins as well ...

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The text says: "The consumption of lactose has been shown to benefit humans with lactase persistence through adulthood. For example, the 2009 British Women's Heart and Health Study[42] investigated the effects on women's health of the alleles that coded for lactase persistence. Where the C allele indicated lactase nonpersistence and the T allele indicated lactase persistence, the study found that women who were homozygous for the C allele exhibited worse health than women with a C and a T allele and women with two T alleles." Whhhhelll... DOES this show the effect is one of CONSUMING LACTOSE ? Or rather one of consunming MILK, whichever component(s) of that milk may cause the positive health effects, as long as consumption is made possible at all by being able to digest lactose ? Just curious, being a rather intolerant being myself, as far as lactose goes. No marginal question by the way, having all those products present in supermarkets nowadays that contain everything dairy products usually contain, minus the lactose. So, is the argument quoted above consistent at all ? --MistaPPPP (talk) — Preceding undated comment added 19:51, 2 January 2022 (UTC)[reply]

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