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Sources

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Sources for article: Find sources: Google (books · news · scholar · free images · WP refs) · FENS · JSTOR · TWL

  • Collins, Tom (August 6, 2011). "Votes for women! Arizona Territory's ill-fated Suffrage Bill of 1883". sharlot.org. Sharlot Hall Museum. Retrieved March 8, 2015.
  • Arizona Pioneers' Historical Society (August 31, 1951). Buehman, Albert R. (ed.). "Arizona Album: Arizona's First Woman School Teacher". Tucson Daily Citizen. Tucson, Arizona. Retrieved March 8, 2015.
  • "Arizona Democratic Party: Josephine Brawley Hughes". azdem.org. Arizona Democratic Party. 2014. Retrieved March 8, 2015.
  • "Josephine Brawley Hughes (1839-1926)". Arizona Women's Hall of Fame. 2012. Retrieved March 8, 2015.
  • Turner, Jim (August 6, 2010). "Times Past: The 'Mother of Arizona'". Arizona Capitol Times. Phoenix, Arizona. Retrieved March 8, 2015.
  • "Women Here and Abroad". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Brooklyn, New York. January 17, 1927. Retrieved March 8, 2015.
  • "Ex-Senator John T. Hughes Dies at Tucson". Coconino Sun. Flagstaff, Arizona. November 25, 1921. Retrieved March 8, 2015.
  • Boehringer, C. Louise (January 1930). "Josephine Brawley Hughes: Crusader, State Builder" (PDF). Arizona Historical Review. 2 (4). Arizona State Historian: 98–107. Retrieved March 8, 2015. - Archived at University of Arizona Institutional Repository (UAiR)

--Lightbreather (talk) 23:32, 8 March 2015 (UTC)[reply]

Laura M. Johns sources

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Might merit her own article?

Find sources: Google (books · news · scholar · free images · WP refs) · FENS · JSTOR · TWL

--Lightbreather (talk) 00:25, 9 March 2015 (UTC)[reply]

Arizona Suffrage Association

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Might merit its own article?

Find sources: Google (books · news · scholar · free images · WP refs) · FENS · JSTOR · TWL

  • "Constitution for Arizona: Article X - Suffrage". Arizona Sentinel. Yuma, Arizona. October 17, 1891. Retrieved March 8, 2015. - Record of the Constitution for Arizona, adopted October 2, 1891, including Article X, Suffrage. Section 3 regards sex.
  • "Constitution for Arizona: Article X - Suffrage". Arizona Weekly Citizen. Tucson, Arizona. November 7, 1891. Retrieved March 8, 2015. - Record of the Constitution for Arizona, adopted October 2, 1891, including Article X, Suffrage. Section 3 regards sex.

--Lightbreather (talk) 00:43, 9 March 2015 (UTC)[reply]

Preserving

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This article had one reference and no inline citations when I started. I've been whittling away at it while using sources that I have access to, and I'm preserving the rest here while I work.

Text from article

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In 1874, son John Brawley was born, followed by daughter Josephine in 1877. She had another baby; her third daughter died shortly after birth, and Josephine resolved to have her buried on the Hughes' front yard. She was afraid that her baby's corpse would be eaten by coyotes if buried at the local cemetery.

Louis Hughes was enjoying a prosperous career as a lawyer by then, and his success led the Hughes to gain social importance in Tucson. Many famous men and women of the West visited them, including the general Nelson Miles in 1886. Miles directed battles against the apaches from the Hughes' dining room.

In 1873, Louis became superintendent of schools in Tucson; his wife later convinced him to open the first school for girls in the area. Josephine served as the school's first teacher.

She was also a Christian, and helped create Tucson's first Protestant church, the Congregational Church in downtown Tucson. She later became a Methodist. Josephine was raised as a Methodist, however, the Methodists would not bring a minister to the wilds of Arizona, until later years. As soon as she was able to gain the acceptance of the Methodist church to bring a Methodist minister to Tucson, she immediately changed her church membership.

Frances Willard, president of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, came as a speaker to the Congregational Church, and a WCTU chapter opened in Tucson, with Josephine as the first president of the organization. Willard and Brawley Hughes became friends, and toured the area to set up chapters. They spoke to men and women about the values of sobriety in society and about God. Willard and Brawley Hughes helped many convert into Christianity.

In 1884, the organization began pushing for whiskey sales to be banned during election days, and for a law forbidding boys under 16 to be allowed into saloons. The WCTU's efforts helped for laws to be passed against alcohol being sold on Sundays, and for an abolition law, which began on January 1 of 1915.

In 1893, Louis Hughes became Arizona's governor, and the Hughes family opened Arizona's first daily newspaper, "The Arizona Daily Star". Josephine used her articles at the Star to oppose alcoholism and to express her feminist views, encouraging ladies to wear long skirts.

Saloon ads were not allowed on the Star. While Louis was out of town on a business trip to the East coast, he appointed R.A. Caples to run the newspaper. Unaware of the paper's stand against alcoholism and establishments that sold alcohol, Caples allowed a saloon to advertise on the newspaper. In Caples' own words, "The first paper (Josephine) saw (with the ad), she came down and gave me the Devil".

In 1891, Brawley Hughes convinced Laura M. Johns to visit Arizona, and together, they formed the Arizona Suffrage Association, which lobbied for women to be able to find jobs and to vote.

By 1890, John Hughes, who would later become a senator, was already into helping his mother improve women rights. At the national convention of suffrage of that year, Susan B. Anthony, a friend of Brawley Hughes, grabbed him and named him the "suffrage knight of Arizona". Anthony's action proved prophetic: as senator, John proved important in granting women rights to vote and hold jobs.

Louis Hughes abandoned his post as Arizona governor amid rumors of corruption, and he sold the newspaper in 1907. Josephine suffered these events greatly. Her son John's death at the age of 47 in 1921 further added to her suffering. Many believe that the rumors of corruption started when Theodore Roosevelt asked Louis Hughes to be at the christening of the USS Arizona, and he and Josephine refused to attend, because they would be serving liquor.

Josephine Brawley Hughes suffered a fall at her daughter Gertrude's home in 1925, leaving her crippled. No longer with the strength she possessed as a youth, she died shortly after.

~

All sourced to?


--Lightbreather (talk) 20:28, 9 March 2015 (UTC)[reply]

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