Talk:Hydroxyquinol
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- Review
1,2,4-benzenetriol is a primary metabolized product by cytochrome P450 from benzene.[1] 1,2,4-benzenetriol with a triphenolic structure, strongly reacts with molecular oxygen. It has been reported that 1,2,4-benzenetriol induces oxidative DNA damage and breaks DNA strands.
- History
1,2,4-benzenetriol was first discovered in the 19th century.[2] During an experiment in 1953 Parke and Williams[3] reported that upon administering benzene to rabbits they could recover phenol, catechol, hydroquinone, 1,2,4-benzenetriol, transtrans-muconic acid, and L-phenylmercapturic acid in the urine, exhaled air, feces and tissue of the rabbits. They went on to suggest that benzene toxicity, i.e., benzeneinduced bone marrow depression, might be caused by some of these metabolites.
- Metabolism
1,2,4-benzenetriol is a product of benzene metabolism in humans.[4] The hydroxyl radical formed from H202 can hydroxylate benzene to yield phenol. When benzene oxide is the first product, it can rearrange nonenzymatically to form phenol. Alternatively, benzene oxide can be hydrated via epoxide hydrolase to yield 1,2-benzene dihydrodiol, which can in turn be oxidized via dihydrodiol dehydrogenase to form catechol. The reaction of benzene oxide with glutathione catalyzed by glutathione S-transferase leads to the formation of the premercapturic acid. It is likely that benzene oxide or its oxepin are precursors to ring opening . Phenol can be further hydroxylated to form hydroquinone or catechol. In theory, 1,2,4-benzenetriol may be formed by the hydroxylation of either hydroquinone or catechol.
- Toxicity
Although not much is known of 1,2,4-Benzenetriol in a pure it does have some identifications that it has hazardous effects on the human body.[5] 1,2,4-benzene triol causes irritation to the skin, irritation to the eyes, serious eye damage and it may cause respiratory irritation. Cases of these effect have occurred but no documented cases are known.
- DNA damage
1,2,4-Benzenetriol caused strong DNA damage.[6]
- Ways of detection
1,2,4-benzenetriol can be detected by means of high performance liquid chromatography.[7] This is mostely being performed on samples from organisms that have been exposed to benzene.
References
- ^ "Elsevier: Article Locator". linkinghub.elsevier.com. Retrieved 2017-03-17.
- ^ Snyder, R; Hedli, C C (1996-12-01). "An overview of benzene metabolism". Environmental Health Perspectives. 104 (Suppl 6): 1165–1171. ISSN 0091-6765. PMC 1469747. PMID 9118888.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link) - ^ Parke, D. V.; Williams, R. T. (2017-03-17). "Studies in detoxication. 49. The metabolism of benzene containing [14C1]benzene". Biochemical Journal. 54 (2): 231–238. ISSN 0264-6021. PMC 1268930. PMID 13058864.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link) - ^ Snyder, R; Hedli, C C (1996-12-01). "An overview of benzene metabolism". Environmental Health Perspectives. 104 (Suppl 6): 1165–1171. ISSN 0091-6765. PMC 1469747. PMID 9118888.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link) - ^ Pubchem. "1,2,4-BENZENETRIOL | C6H6O3 - PubChem". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2017-03-17.
- ^ Kawanishi, Shosuke; Inoue, Sumiko; Kawanishi, Michiko (1989-01-01). "Human DNA Damage Induced by 1,2,4-Benzenetriol, a Benzene Metabolite". Cancer Research. 49 (1): 164–168. ISSN 0008-5472. PMID 2908843.
- ^ Inoue, O.; Seiji, K.; Nakatsuka, H.; Watanabe, T.; Yin, S.; Li, G. L.; Cai, S. X.; Jin, C.; Ikeda, M. (1989-08-01). "Excretion of 1,2,4-benzenetriol in the urine of workers exposed to benzene". Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 46 (8): 559–565. doi:10.1136/oem.46.8.559. ISSN 1351-0711. PMID 2775675.
Issues:
- most of this is unsourced. Most of the sources are primary (reporting experimental results) and not secondary (literature reveiws) or tertiary (textbooks). WP articles should be built off secondary sources and primary sources should only be used if there is some clear need for that.
- several of the citations are screwed up. PMID 13058864 was not published in 2017, for example
- the English here is garbled.
- The sectioning is random. This doesn't follow WP:CHEM sectioning.
I appreciate very much the desire to improve this stub -- it needs it! -- but we need decently written, well-sourced content that follows the relevant style guide. I will try to swing back by and work to improve this. Jytdog (talk) 22:37, 17 March 2017 (UTC)
class project in March 2017 it seems
[edit]Please see here. Jytdog (talk) 21:34, 18 March 2017 (UTC)