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Aftermath

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Federal response

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Mexican authorities sent 45,000 people to assist with relief efforts. Included in this group were soldiers, sailors, doctors, and nurses.[1][2] Plan DN-III-E, a disaster relief and rescue plan, was activated in the states of Colima, Durango, Jalisco, Nayarit, and Sinaloa. About 11,000 soldiers were deployed in the municipalities of Culiacán, El Rosario, Escuinapa, La Cruz de Elota, and Mazatlan in Sinaloa to help with transporting civilians to four shelters. In Sinaloa, approximately 1,820 people were provided with 1,400 food rations. Soldiers also worked to repair window damage at the Teacapan Hospital as well as remove trees from roads. Around 590 soldiers were deployed in Durango. In Colima, 262 soldiers were deployed to monitor the level of the Marabasco River. In Michoacán, officials mobilized 500 soldiers to help families impacted by the hurricane. One hundred and eighteen soldiers evacuated 154 people in the cities of Melaque, Puerto Vallarta, and Tomatlán in Jalisco.[3][4][5] About 3,000 meals were distributed by the Mexican Army in a community kitchen in Tuxpan, Nayarit, as a part of Plan DN-III-E.[6] The National System for Integral Family Development (DIF) sent 1,764 US tons (1,600 metric tons) of aid, including pantries, galvanized sheet metal, and bottled water, to areas affected by Willa.[7]

The Marine Plan was activated in Sinaloa and Nayarit, resulting in the dispatch of 1,800 soldiers, 163 vehicles, 8 aircraft, 15 surface units, 6 ships, and 3 mobile kitchens. Around 178 people were evacuated from Cristo Rey and El Rosario in Escuinapa. Soldiers distributed 500 food portions using a mobile kitchen in the Nayarit municipality of Tecuala.[8][9] For one week, officials made Mexican Federal Highway 15D – a toll road – free of charge, and instead collected more than MX$1.1 million (US$57,000) in donations for the residents left homeless by the hurricane.[10] The office of the Attorney General of the Republic sent 12.1 US tons (11 metric tons) of food as well as four doctors and 500 kg (1,100 lb) of medicine to Sinaloa and Nayarit.[11] Coppel, a nationwide department store, was given MX$66 million (US$2.8 million) by the Mexican Government; this allowed Coppel to provide 4,400 families with MX$15,000 (US$625) vouchers for furniture and appliances.[12] In Nayarit, the National Civil Protection Coordination designated the municipalities of Acaponeta, Del Nayar, Huajicori, Rosamorada, Ruiz, Santiago Ixcuintla, Tecuala, and Tuxpan as disaster areas.[13]

State, local, and organizational responses

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Sinaloa Governor Quirino Ordaz Coppel declared a state of emergency for seven municipalities.[14] Diego Maradona, then coach of the Dorados de Sinaloa, hosted a charity dinner on November 5 to provide financial support for individuals affected by Willa and Tropical Depression Nineteen-E.[15] The mayor of Mazatlan sent 60 workers, two cranes, and three dump trucks to Escuinapa.[16] Support ranging between MX$1,800–10,000 (US$90–$500) was provided to small businesses by the Sinaloa state government.[17]

The government of Mexico City established a collection center for food, cleaning products, and hygiene products; this center was located in Mexico City's Pushkin Garden.[18] The Mexican Red Cross sent 48,502 US tons (44,000 metric tons) of supplies to Nayarit and Sinaloa; the aid delivered to Nayarit pantries consisted of 19,842 US tons (18,000 metric tons), including a thousand hygiene kits. Approximately 28,660 US tons (26,000 metric tons) of goods were sent to Sinaloa pantries. Additionally, collection centers were opened in Sinaloa, Nayarit, Jalisco, and Guanajuato.[8][9] The Tuxpan municipal government provided 1,400 US tons (1,270 metric tons) of food, water, supplies, clothing, and medicine to affected individuals.[19] Save the Children sent 800 hygiene kits to children in Nayarit. They also were operating 17 dining facilities for nearly 3,000 children, but were forced to close four located in Isla del Bosque, Escuinapa, and Teacapán due to power outages.[20] Officials in Nayarit sent 76 vehicles with medical supplies to reach the most affected residents in northern Nayarit.[21] The Jalisco State Civil Fire and Protection Unit used aquatic vehicles to transport supplies to the Tuxpan Municipality and assess damage in Nayarit.[22]

Criticism of response and discrepancies

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In the Escuinapa Municipality, Sinaloa, Mayor Emmet Soto Grave stated that there were many irregularities in the damage reported by the previous government. In total, 144 houses had been counted as damaged by the government from October 23–28, while more than 2,000 were actually affected. After President Andrés Manuel López Obrador had federal officials visit the city, more inaccuracies regarding damage to roads, educational institutions, and areas of tourism were discovered.[23] Those affected by Willa in Nayarit said they felt "abandoned by the authorities" after only receiving help from disaster organizations for the month and a half following the storm.[24] In Sinaloa, people used their own funds to rebuild their homes due to lack of resources from Fonden. The state delivered MX$2 million (US$101,000) worth of rotten mattresses to victims and allowed them access to pantries in exchange for support letters.[17] Fonden had authorized a total of MX$84.7 million (US$4.3 million) to cover damage resulting from Willa; however, no repair work had commenced in the months after the storm and the whereabouts of the funds were unknown.[25] A Sinaloan state official said that it could take three years for Fonden to allocate funds for repairs.[26]

Economic and environmental effects

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Petróleos Mexicanos reported gasoline shortages in the state of Guanajuato following Hurricane Willa. The shortages were blamed on infrastructural damage and an increase in gasoline theft caused by Willa. The unloading of fuel was not possible in some ports. Additionally, gasoline pipelines had to be shut down due to theft; the Tula-Salamanca section was closed for repairs as a result of damage left by thieves.[27]

In the time after Willa's dissipation, the National Water Commission reported that the Baluarte River had seen a major increase in chromium, mercury, and nickel concentrations a month after the storm.[28] Throughout the region, mango orchards were severely damaged by wind gusts from Willa, resulting in a 50–75% decrease in production. This decrease equated to a loss of about 77,162 US tons (70,000 metric tons) or 13,300 ha (32,900 acres) of mango.[29][30] At least 1,200 farmers required loans due to significant losses.[31]

Reconstruction

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In the Escuinapa Municipality in Sinaloa, it was reported that over 2,000 families were living under plastic roofs six months after the storm.[23] Several months after the storm, the communities of Maloya and Buenavista in El Rosario were mostly without potable water.[25] During the first week after the storm, at least 180,000 people had no outside communication or food as a result of the flood of the San Pedro and Acaponeta rivers.[32] Some people had to rid their entire house of river mud without assistance.[33] Schools in Tuxpan did not have classes during that time as the facilities were unusable. The town of Los Sandovales in Acaponeta was destroyed, resulting in many of the families there becoming homeless.[24][34] In the weeks after Willa, the state government of Nayarit announced that it was unable to provide funds towards reconstruction as a result of the state's bankruptcy.[35][36]

In 2019, the Mexican Government announced that it would provide MX$250 million (US$10.4 million) for the reconstruction of Nayarit municipalities, which was slated to begin in February.[37] Approximately MX$23.19 million (US$961,000) in federal relief funds were distributed to the municipalities of Tuxpan, Rosamorada, Tecuala, Acaponeta, and Huajicori; 533 families in these municipalities were awarded MX$30,000 (US$1,250) to cover damage to their homes. Two federal officials gave another 30 families MX$120,000 (US$5,000) after their homes were completely destroyed.[38] The Mexican Government also allocated MX$2 billion (US$83.6 million) for the reconstruction of public infrastructure, such as highways, bridges, schools, and hospitals.[37] The cost to repair public infrastructure in Nayarit was evaluated at approximately MX$2.2 billion (US$92 million);[12] it also was estimated that MX$39 million (US$1.6 million) was required to cover the costs of mud removal from main roads in the state.[39] A few days after President López Obrador's tour of Sinaloa, including the city of Mazatlan, Fonden allotted MX$510 million (US$23.9 million) for damage in Escuinapa and El Rosario.[40][41]

  1. ^ Suárez, Tatiana (October 24, 2018). "Tras causar estragos en el pacífico mexicano, Willa se degrada a depresión tropical" [After wreaking havoc in the Mexican Pacific, Willa degrades to tropical depression]. France 24 (in Spanish). Archived from the original on July 31, 2019. Retrieved October 15, 2019.
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference milen was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Moya, Ricardo (October 24, 2018). "Aplica Sedena Plan DN-III-E tras paso de huracán "Willa" en Sinaloa" [Sedena Plan DN-III-E applied after the passage of Hurricane "Willa" in Sinaloa]. El Universal (in Spanish). Archived from the original on August 1, 2019. Retrieved August 17, 2019.
  4. ^ "Sedena aplica Plan DN-III-E en costa del Pacífico por huracán 'Willa'" [Sedena applies Plan DN-III-E on the Pacific coast due to hurricane ‘Willa’]. Noticieros Televisa (in Spanish). October 24, 2018. Archived from the original on August 11, 2019. Retrieved March 21, 2020.
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference morrr was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference Tuxpan flood was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ Espinosa, Gabriela (November 23, 2018). "El paso del Huràcan "Willa" dejó daños por 3 mil 650 millones de pesos en Nayarit" [The passage of the Huràcan “Willa” left 3,650 million pesos of damage in Nayarit]. Sopitas (in Spanish). Archived from the original on July 31, 2019. Retrieved October 15, 2019.
  8. ^ a b Mejía, Ximena (October 25, 2018). "Cruz Roja envía apoyo a damnificados de Nayarit y Sinaloa" [Red Cross sends support to victims in Nayarit and Sinaloa]. Excelsior (in Spanish). Archived from the original on July 31, 2019. Retrieved March 11, 2020.
  9. ^ a b Moya, Ricardo (October 24, 2018). "Activan fase de auxilio del Plan Marina en Nayarit y Sinaloa por "Willa"" [Activation phase of the Marine Plan in Nayarit and Sinaloa activated by "Willa"]. El Universal (in Spanish). Archived from the original on November 3, 2018. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
  10. ^ Navarro, Myriam (November 25, 2018). "Exitosa colecta para damnificados de Willa olvidados por el gobierno" [Successful collection for Willa victims forgotten by the government]. La Jornada (in Spanish). Archived from the original on November 26, 2018. Retrieved March 15, 2019.
  11. ^ "Trasladan 11 toneladas de víveres a Sinaloa y Nayarit por daños causados por huracán 'Willa'" [11 tons of food moved to Sinaloa and Nayarit due to damage caused by Hurricane ‘Willa’]. Aristegui Noticias (in Spanish). October 30, 2018. Archived from the original on July 31, 2019. Retrieved August 22, 2019.
  12. ^ a b Cancino, Karina (December 30, 2018). "Coppel recibe 66 mdp por programa de apoyo para damnificados del huracán 'Willa'" [Coppel receives 66 million pesos for support program for victims of Hurricane 'Willa']. El Financiero (in Spanish). Bloomberg. Archived from the original on August 1, 2019. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
  13. ^ Arellano, Salvador (October 31, 2018). "Declaran zona de desastre a 8 municipios de Nayarit por huracán 'Willa'" [8 municipalities in Nayarit declared a disaster zone due to hurricane ‘Willa’]. MSN (in Spanish). Archived from the original on July 31, 2019. Retrieved October 20, 2019.
  14. ^ Ibarra, Aarón (October 24, 2018). "Descarta Quirino Ordaz muertes por paso de huracán 'Willa'" [Quirino Ordaz rules out deaths from hurricane 'Willa']. Ríodoce (in Spanish). Archived from the original on October 25, 2018. Retrieved October 24, 2018.
  15. ^ "Maradona apoya a los damnificados por el huracán Willa" [Maradona supports those affected by Hurricane Willa]. Esto (in Spanish). November 6, 2018. Archived from the original on January 5, 2019. Retrieved March 7, 2020.
  16. ^ Cite error: The named reference Support was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  17. ^ a b "Sinaloa asegura que superó contingencia por Willa; datos de reconstrucción no son públicos, acusan ONG" [Sinaloa assures that it overcame contingency of Willa; reconstruction data is not public, accuse NGO]. Animal Politico (in Spanish). November 18, 2018. Archived from the original on July 31, 2019. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
  18. ^ "Instala gobierno capitalino centro de acopio para apoyar a afectados por "Willa"" [Capital government installs collection center to support those affected by "Willa"]. Aristegui Noticias (in Spanish). October 30, 2018. Archived from the original on July 31, 2019. Retrieved October 20, 2019.
  19. ^ Cite error: The named reference ladobe was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  20. ^ "Huracán Willa: pequeñas comunidades de Sinaloa continúan afectadas" [Hurricane Willa: small communities in Sinaloa continue to be affected]. El Sol de Tijuana (in Spanish). October 27, 2018. Archived from the original on July 31, 2019. Retrieved August 22, 2019.
  21. ^ Cite error: The named reference nay25 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  22. ^ "Protección Civil Jalisco apoya en Nayarit a afectados por Willa" [Jalisco Civil Protection supports those affected by "Willa" in Nayarit]. Informador (in Spanish). October 25, 2018. Archived from the original on August 1, 2019. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
  23. ^ a b Carlos, Adriana (March 24, 2019). "En Sinaloa, aún hay más de 2 mil viviendo en casas provisionales por 'Willa'" [In Sinaloa, there are still more than 2,000 living in provisional houses due to 'Willa]. Milenio (in Spanish). Archived from the original on April 20, 2019. Retrieved April 20, 2019.
  24. ^ a b "Nayarit, paralizado por falta de ayuda tras paso de huracán 'Willa'" [Nayarit, paralyzed due to lack of help after Hurricane ‘Willa’]. Noticieros Televisa (in Spanish). December 8, 2018. Archived from the original on August 10, 2019. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
  25. ^ a b Ibarra, Aarón (June 25, 2019). "Sin aterrizar aún apoyos por el huracán 'Willa'y el Fonden busca nuevo recuento de daños" [Still not landing props from Hurricane 'Willa' and Fonden seeking new damage count]. Ríodoce (in Spanish). Archived from the original on July 31, 2019. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
  26. ^ Gamboa Parra, Jose Luis (November 3, 2018). "Sinaloa tendrá que esperar tres años para recibir el apoyo de Fonden" [Sinaloa will have to wait three years to receive Fonden's support]. Tribuna (in Spanish). Archived from the original on July 31, 2019. Retrieved March 11, 2020.
  27. ^ "Robo de combustible deja con desabasto de gasolina a Guanajuato" [Fuel theft leaves Guanajuato with gasoline shortage]. Lopez-Doriga (in Spanish). November 1, 2018. Archived from the original on August 1, 2019. Retrieved March 21, 2020.
  28. ^ Cañedo, Sibely (March 29, 2019). "Tras el Huracán Willa, suben niveles de metales en río Baluarte" [After Hurricane Willa, metal levels rise in the Baluarte river]. Noroeste (in Spanish). Archived from the original on April 20, 2019. Retrieved April 20, 2019.
  29. ^ "Huracán 'Willa' golpeó producción de mango en Sinaloa" [Hurricane 'Willa' hits mango production in Sinaloa]. NNC.mx (in Spanish). June 7, 2019. Archived from the original on July 31, 2019. Retrieved August 18, 2019.
  30. ^ Rochín, Victor (July 7, 2019). "Daños por el huracán Willa, provocan caída en la producción de mango en el sur de Sinaloa" [Damage caused by Hurricane Willa causes drop in mango production in southern Sinaloa]. Televisoras del Pacífico (in Spanish). Archived from the original on July 31, 2019. Retrieved August 18, 2019.
  31. ^ Cabanillas, Claudia (January 28, 2019). "Precios del mango se verán 'castigados' en Sinaloa" [Mango prices will be 'punished' in Sinaloa]. El Sol de Mazatlán (in Spanish). Archived from the original on July 31, 2019. Retrieved August 18, 2019.
  32. ^ "Nayarit no se recupera tras el paso de 'Willa'; 180 mil habitantes siguen incomunicados" [Nayarit does not recover after the passage of ‘Willa’; 180 thousand inhabitants are still without outside communication]. Noticieros Televisa (in Spanish). November 1, 2018. Archived from the original on August 2, 2019. Retrieved March 21, 2020.
  33. ^ "Damnificados de Nayarit viven bajo el lodo tras paso de 'Willa'" [Victims in Nayarit live in the mud after the passage of ‘Willa’]. Noticieros Televisa (in Spanish). November 3, 2018. Archived from the original on March 21, 2020. Retrieved March 21, 2020.
  34. ^ "TRAGEDIA: Poderoso huracán "Willa" destruye un pueblo de México" [TRAGEDY: Powerful Hurricane "Willa" destroys a town in Mexico]. La Verdad Noticias (in Spanish). November 2, 2018. Archived from the original on July 31, 2019. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
  35. ^ "Nayarit, entre la crisis financiera y los daños de "Willa"" [Nayarit, between the financial crisis and the damages of "Willa"]. La Silla Rota (in Spanish). November 20, 2018. Archived from the original on August 1, 2019. Retrieved May 16, 2020.
  36. ^ Cite error: The named reference Nayarit bankrupt was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  37. ^ a b "¡Por fin!, Reconstrucción de Nayarit tras huracán Willa inicia en febrero" [Finally !, Reconstruction of Nayarit after Hurricane Willa begins in February]. Vallarta Independiente (in Spanish). January 28, 2019. Archived from the original on August 1, 2019. Retrieved May 16, 2020.
  38. ^ Navarro, Myriam (March 28, 2019). "Entregan hasta 120 mil pesos a familias damnificadas por 'Willa'" [They deliver up to 120 thousand pesos to families affected by ‘Willa’]. La Jornada (in Spanish). Archived from the original on August 1, 2019. Retrieved May 16, 2020.
  39. ^ Méndez, Karla (November 14, 2018). "Sedatu realiza censo de viviendas dañadas por 'Willa' en Nayarit" [Sedatu conducts a census of homes damaged by 'Willa' in Nayarit]. Excelsior (in Spanish). Archived from the original on August 1, 2019. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
  40. ^ Ibarra, Maria (January 31, 2019). "Fonden entregaría 510 mdp para reconstrucción del sur" [Fonden would deliver 510 million pesos for southern reconstruction]. Debate (in Spanish). Archived from the original on July 31, 2019. Retrieved March 11, 2020.
  41. ^ "Recursos llegarán, pero tomará tiempo: AMLO a damnificados de Willa en Nayarit" [Resources will come, but it will take time: AMLO to victims of Willa in Nayarit]. Aristegui Noticias (in Spanish). January 25, 2019. Archived from the original on July 31, 2019. Retrieved May 16, 2020.
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