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Talk:History of lute-family instruments

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Pasting content here temporarilyJacqke (talk) 00:52, 5 October 2018 (UTC) Another factor to consider with the instruments is that the modern idea that an instrument is either plucked or bowed may not have applied. They could be both. Fiddles were plucked instruments before bows were invented; Curt Sachs pointed out that the original meaning of words associated with the fiddle were not words to draw a bow, but to "strike" the strings, pluck them.[1] A Norse fiddler was a "fiddle-striker."[1][reply]

Why fuck with my Lute to Lyer retranslation. Please do not behave that way? Are you a Greek logic user? 108.28.252.143 (talk) 21:42, 3 March 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Images from Spain, from the Commentary on the Apocalypse manuscripts, copied and modified over centuries, show "cytharas." In the picture "Adoration of the Lamb" and other pictures in the copies of the manuscripts, the instruments change shape and function; they are sometimes large or small, bowed or plucked.

The Iberian Peninsula itself became a source of new instruments, creating the viheuela and guitar, the vandola (which became the mandore in France and mandola in Italy, leading to the mandolin). The citole, which was known throughout Western Europe was densely represented in Spanish artwork.

Plucked fiddles from Central Asia

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Plucked and bowed
Commentary on the Apocalypse image of cytharas
Spain, c. 960 a.d. Cytharas (identified from text) with players strumming with fingers and plucking with plectrum. From Commentary on the Apocalypse, Morgan Library, Ms 644.
Viols or vielles from Commentary on the Apocalypse
Spain, "second third of 10th century".[2] Violas de arco played with a bow. Calling them "de arco" (with bow) indicates that other types exist. From Commentary on the Apocalypse, Codice VITR 14.1.[2]

Ephraim Segerman talked about plucked fiddles in his 1999 paper, A Short History of the Cittern. Part of the paper explained the existence of short lute-like instruments in Central Asia, and mentioned their entry in Europe around the 8th century.[3] Citing Werner Bachman's 1969 book, The Origins of Bowing, Segerman mentioned that in Central Asia short lutes were invented that were as wide as they were deep, much longer than wide, with 3-5 strings and plucked with heavy plectrum.[3] Some were widened and deepened further, becoming the barbat and entered Europe as the oud.[3] Another line of lutes was widened, but not made any deeper. This line entered Europe, becoming the plucked fiddles (vielle, viola, giga, citole).[3]

References

  1. ^ a b Sachs, Curt (1940). The History of Musical Instruments. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. p. 274.
  2. ^ a b "Título uniforme [In Apocalipsin] Title Beati in Apocalipsin libri duodecim". bdh.bne.es. BIBLIOTECA DIGITAL HISPÁNICA. Retrieved 10 December 2016.
  3. ^ a b c d Segerman, Ephraim (April 1999). "A Short History of the Cittern". The Galpin Society Journal. 52: 78–79. doi:10.2307/842519. JSTOR 842519.

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Attribution

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This article is meant to summarize the history of lute-family instruments, drawing on previously written section’s in other articles to create a wider picture than articles about single instruments can offer. I am going to compile a list of the articles, below, that material cane from for this article.Jacqke (talk) 19:13, 2 August 2020 (UTC)[reply]

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