Talk:Hendrik Willem Bakhuis Roozeboom

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I am not editing the wiki article as I am not presently handy at doing. I am adding my comments.

Roozeboom made huge contributions to the field of emperical thermodynamic equilibrium. Max Plank said in (1)of Roozeboom, "... the phase rule has been amply verified, especially by the experiments of Bakhuis Roozeboom (See the book (2).

(1) Planck, Max, "Treatise on Thermodynamics," Longmans, Green & Co. Inc., reprinted by Dover Publ, Third Edition, 1926New York

(2) Roozeboom, Bakhuis, "Die heterogenen Gleichgewichte von Standpunkte der Phasenlehre," Braunschweig, Vieweg & Sons 1904

A more complete list of publications was given in the Digital Library, http://www.historyofscience.nl/works_detail.cfm?RecordId=423

Bakhuys Roozeboom, H.W. 1854-1907 Field of study: Chemistry

Biography

Available works (24)

A representation in space of the regions in which the solid phases, which occur are the components, when not forming compounds KNAW, Proceedings, 5, 1902-1903, Amsterdam, 1902, pp. 279-283

Abnormal solubility lines in binary mixtures owing to the existence of compounds in the solution KNAW, Proceedings, 6, 1903-1904, Amsterdam, 1904, pp. 456-462

An example of the conversion of mixed crystals into a compound KNAW, Proceedings, 2, 1899-1900, Amsterdam, 1900, pp. 74-77

Cadmium amalgams KNAW, Proceedings, 4, 1901-1902, Amsterdam, 1902, pp. 1-5

Congealing points and points of transition in mixed crystals of two substances KNAW, Proceedings, 1, 1898-1899, Amsterdam, 1899, pp. 101-103

Critical terminating points in three-phase lines with solid phases in binary systems which present two liquid layers KNAW, Proceedings, 7, 1904-1905, Amsterdam, 1905, pp. 556-562

Equilibria of phases in the system acetaldehyde+ paraldehyde with and without molecular transformation KNAW, Proceedings, 5, 1902-1903, Amsterdam, 1902, pp. 283-288

On congealing- and melting-phenomena in substances showing tautomerism KNAW, Proceedings, 1, 1898-1899, Amsterdam, 1899, pp. 176-179

On melting points in systems of optic isomers KNAW, Proceedings, 1, 1898-1899, Amsterdam, 1899, pp. 466-468

On solubility and meltingpoint as criteria for distinguishing racemic combinations, pseudoracemic mixed crystals and inactive conglomerates KNAW, Proceedings, 1, 1898-1899, Amsterdam, 1899, pp. 310-313

On the melting of binary solid mixtures by cooling KNAW, Proceedings, 4, 1901-1902, Amsterdam, 1902, pp. 636-639

Saline solutions with two boiling points and phenomena connected therewith KNAW, Proceedings, 4, 1901-1902, Amsterdam, 1902, pp. 371-377

The behaviour of mixtures of mercuric iodide and silver iodide KNAW, Proceedings, 3, 1900-1901, Amsterdam, 1901, pp. 84-86

The behaviour of the halogens towards each other. KNAW, Proceedings, 9 I, 1906, Amsterdam, 1906, pp. 363-364

The boiling points of saturated solutions in binary systems in wich a compound occurs. KNAW, Proceedings, 8 II, 1905-1906, Amsterdam, 1906, pp. 536-541

The boiling-point curves of the system sulphur and chlorine KNAW, Proceedings, 6, 1903-1904, Amsterdam, 1904, pp. 63-66

The different branches of the three-phase line for solid, liquid, vapour in binary systems in wich a compound occurs. KNAW, Proceedings, 8 I, 1905, Amsterdam, 1905, pp. 455-466

The melting point lines of the system sulphur plus chlorine KNAW, Proceedings, 6, 1903-1904, Amsterdam, 1904, pp. 599-605

The Nature of inactive Carvoxime KNAW, Proceedings, 2, 1899-1900, Amsterdam, 1900, pp. 160-162

The phenomena of solidification and transformation in the systems[formule] KNAW, Proceedings, 6, 1903-1904, Amsterdam, 1904, pp. 259-262

The solubilities of the isomeric chromic chlorides KNAW, Proceedings, 8 I, 1905, Amsterdam, 1905, pp. 66-70

The sublimation lines of binary mixtures KNAW, Proceedings, 6, 1903-1904, Amsterdam, 1904, pp. 408-410

Tin amalgams KNAW, Proceedings, 5, 1902-1903, Amsterdam, 1902, pp. 374-376

Tree-phaselines in chloralalcoholate and anilinehydrochloride. KNAW, Proceedings, 9 I, 1906, Amsterdam, 1906, pp. 99-104 Danleywolfe (talk) 22:58, 10 January 2008 (UTC)

There is further information on Roozeboom at the Digital Library (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) as follows http://www.historyofscience.nl/author.cfm?RecordId=423 which I am providing hopefully someone will add to the article.

Hendrik Willem Bakhuys Roozeboom 1854-1907

By Klaas van Berkel In: K. van Berkel, A. van Helden and L. Palm ed., A History of Science in The Netherlands. Survey, Themes and Reference (Leiden: Brill, 1999) 407-409. Bakhuys Roozeboom, usually known as Bakhuis Roozeboom, was born in Alkmaar on 24 October 1854. He was the son of Jan Hendrik Bakhuys Roozeboom, who was a bookkeeper, and Maria Rensen. From 1868 to 1872 Bakhuys Roozeboom attended the HBS in Alkmaar and afterwards studied Greek and Latin, until in 1874 he passed the examination for admission to the university of Leiden. In the meantime, he had also assisted J.M. van Bemmelen, who was director of an HBS at Arnhem, in his chemical research on the soil of the new IJpolders near Amsterdam. Since Bakhuis Roozeboom did not have the financial means to study at Leiden, he became an analytical chemist in The Hague.

In 1878 however, Van Bemmelen, who had become professor of chemistry at Leiden, was able to appoint him as his research assistant and so offered him the opportunity to study chemistry after all. A year later Bakhuis Roozeboom married Catharina Elisabeth Wins, who gave birth to four sons and two daughters. In 1882 Bakhuys Roozeboom passed his doctoral examination and in 1884 received his doctorate with a dissertation of only 20 pages Over de hydraten van zwaveligzuur, chloor, broom en chloorwaterstof (On the Hydrates of Sulphurous Acid, Chlorine, Bromine and Hydrochloric Acid). In this dissertation he studied the relationship between the three states of matter at different temperatures and pressures. From 1881 to 1896 he earned a living as a teacher at an HBS for girls in Leiden.

In 1886 J.D. van der Waals drew his attention to the work of J. Willard Gibbs in thermodynamics, especially his phase rule of 1876, which defines the conditions of equilibrium as a relationship between the number of components of a system and the number of coexisting phases. This rule provided Bakhuys Roozeboom with a theoretical basis for his experimental work on heterogeneous equilibria, which he had begun to study in 1882. The first result was his article 'Sur les differentes formes de l'équilibre chimique hétérogène'(1887). Because of his admission as a privat-dozent in 1889 and his appointment as lecturer in physical chemistry in 1893 at Leiden, he had the opportunity to study all kinds of equilibria with his students, among whom F.A.H. Schreinemakers was the most important. In 1890 he was elected as a member of the Royal Academy Arts and of Sciences.

In 1896 Bakhuys Roozeboom succeeded Van 't Hoff as professor of chemistry at Amsterdam, where he continued the research on heterogeneous equilibria he had begun at Leiden. But he also continued the research school Van 't Hoff had founded at Amsterdam. As Van 't Hoff did before, Bakhuys Roozeboom stimulated his Ph.D. students to work out the details of his theory and each year two or three of them took their degree under his supervision. The results were summarized in Die heterogenen Gleichgewichte vom Standpunkte der Phasenlehre, the first and second volumes of which appeared in 1901 and 1904. After his death some of his pupils and collaborators (E.H. Buchner, A.H.W. Aten, F.A.H. Schreinemakers) continued this publication. In addition to his theoretical work, Bakhuys Roozeboom was also active in practical science: for example, he analyzed drinking water and developed a chemical method to clean paintings that were affected by vapours from the canals in Amsterdam. Since most scientists in the late nineteenth century separated science from religion, it was remarkable that Bakhuys Roozeboom openly confessed to be a Christian scientist. In 1895 he was one of the founders of the Christelijke Vereeniging van Natuur- en Geneeskundigen in Nederland (Christian Association of Scientists and Physicians in the Netherlands). Bakhuys Roozeboom died in Amsterdam on 8 February 1907.

Primary works

- Poggendorff, vol. 4, 1267-1268; vol. 5, 1062; vol. 6, 2214.

- A complete bibliography of Bakhuys Roozeboom can be found in Berichte der deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft 40 (1907) 5170-5174;

- De wetenschappetijke beoefening der chemie en hare uitkomsten (The scientific study of chemistry and her results) (Amsterdam, 1896);

- Die heterogenen Gleichgewichte vom Standpunkte der Phasenlehre, 3 vols (Braunschweig, 1901-1918);

- De tegenwoordige stand van de problemen der chemie (Current problems in chemistry) (Amsterdam, 1904). Danleywolfe (talk) 23:07, 10 January 2008 (UTC)