Talk:Hallowell Davis

Proposed Changes as of 6/25/2018

COI DISCLOSURE: I am writing this to give some general background on why and what I am contributing to Wikipedia. My name is Thomas Elliott, I am 18 years old, and I live in the St. Louis area. I have recently begun a summer job at Washington University in St. Louis and one of the tasks I have been given is to update individual's pages who have been important to the advancement of psychoacoustics and the field of audiology. This is not the only part of my job and I am also not a professional writer. My only goal when writing is to summarize these individuals lives as well as inform the reader with unbiased information on their research with quality information from third party sources. I have no stake in representing the University in any manner, positive or negative. Those who I have written about have all passed away long before I was born and on this project I have been tasked solely with making sure adequate, reliable information is readily available to the public and to those wanting to learn more about the field. My username is "Washuthomas" and after reading the conflict of interest pages I want to make clear that I am the sole owner and user of this account. I chose this username to try and maintain a credible image when posting so that a reader would hopefully understand they are getting the highest quality information directly from a source that is knowledgeable about the individual. Some sources that I utilize are often not easily accessible to the general public due to their age, location, or limited production so the University's end goal is to ensure the survival of this information which could be nearly impossible to find anywhere else in the distant future.

I have edited/added entirely new information to parts of this article. I had attempted to add this information previously but it was deleted when I had failed to disclose my possible conflict of interest. I have never edited a Wikipedia article prior to those which I am editing now and did not know about the depth of the editing process including the need to disclose that information. I have since posted about my employment as well as about being given the task of improving these articles which are all disclosed on my user page. I went through these articles and made the editor's suggested changes given to me and I believe it is ready to be posted. When beginning this process I did not know the extent of the Wikipedia editing process. I simply took what was on the Wikipedia page and edited what was already present in a word document while also adding as much information possible while marking my changes as I went. I now have a list of proposed changes and have attempted to break them down in this post into separate sections. All information I have contributed is 100% unbiased and factual. Anything that has been bolded is the text that I have written/added information to in order to create the most informative article possible. I also utilized the sources given by the previous writer and put a reference list of all sources into this article for ease of implementing changes. A brief description of these edited/new paragraphs have been written beneath each section in regular type and should not be added to the article.

Extended content

Hallowell Davis From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Hallowell Davis (August 31, 1896 – August 22, 1992) was an American physiologist and otolaryngologist and researcher who did pioneering work on the physiology of hearing and the inner ear. He served as director of research at the Central Institute for the Deaf in St. Louis, Missouri. I did not change this whatsoever. I think it fits the bill perfectly. Early life and studies Hallowell Davis was born on August 31, 1896, in New York City, the son of attorney Horace A. Davis.[5][8] He graduated summa cum laude from Harvard College in 1918 where, in his time outside of his studies, he drove an ambulance in France during the height of WWI.[3] He was also the class orator at graduation.[7] He earned his medical degree from Harvard Medical School in 1922 and then spent a year completing postgraduate studies at Cambridge University in England where he was trained as an electrophysiologist in the laboratory of Edgar Adrian, 1st Baron Adrian.[5][3] This is an updated version of the introductory paragraph that is currently present. This paragraph now contains more information which can give a genuine snapshot of his life as well as his work. It also transitions into the article much better. In 1925, Harvard named Davis to serve as an official tutor and instructor in pre-medical sciences, as a means of helping prepare students intending to advance to Harvard and other medical schools to "get the soundest general foundation possible for their medical education".[9] Following his year at Cambridge, he returned to Harvard to join the medical school faculty and became an assistant professor at Harvard College in 1927 as well as the school's first tutor in biochemical sciences, later becoming the director of the school's Psycho-Acoustic Laboratory.[5][3] This paragraph is used mostly as a crutch to get into the thick of the article. It details the beginnings of his career by outlining his qualifications. Pioneering audiology During the 1930s, Davis participated in the development of electroencephalography and was the first person in the United States to have his brain waves scanned by an EEG device as well as becoming the first to develop an ink-writing electroencephalograph.[3] He focused on the physiology of the inner ear, investigating how neurological impulses are transmitted to the brain via the cochlear nerve. His studies led to the development of electrical-response audiometry, which allowed diagnosis of hearing difficulties in infants.[5] Robert Galambos credited Davis with coining the word "audiology" in the 1940s, with Davis saying the then-prevalent term "auricular training" sounded like a method of teaching people how to wiggle their ears.[1][3][6] These are some of his most important/well known contributions to his field and open up the section about his innovation quite well. “During World War II, Dr. Davis worked on a design for hearing aids, and supervised federally funded research in progress throughout the United States for the office of Scientific Research and Development”. Supervision of one of these projects is what originally brought him to the Central Institute for the Deaf in St. Louis where he would complete a majority of his lifetime work and research.[3][7] When Dr. Silverman and Dr. Lane of CID asked for his help in finding somebody to take the position of Director of Research he indicated his interest in taking the position and was promptly given the job.[3] Combining aspects and research from the fields of behaviorism, electroacoustic engineering and electrophysiology, Davis was able to advance the study of the field, which could be seen in his 1947 work Hearing and Deafness: A Guide for the Layman, which he co-edited with S. Richard Silverman; the man who, later that year, he would be offered a position alongside in the office of the Surgeon General of the War Department.[3] He was also a professor of physiology at the Washington University School of Medicine, where he lectured on hearing and speech.[5] Research by Davis presented to the British Association for the Advancement of Science in 1952 showed that hair cells in the inner ear play a pivotal role in transforming the mechanical stimulus of sound into electrical impulses to be sent to and processed by the brain.[6] This details the beginnings of his research and builds a base for what he accomplishes later in his life. Stating his findings also builds a proper basis for what is to later come in the article. In 1948, Davis was appointed chairman of the Sub-Panel on vibrations of the panel of Aviation medicine and was later appointed as the chairman of the committee of ultrasonics for the navy as well as the chairman of the committee on hearing aids of the American Medical Association.[3] In the April of 1948 Davis was elected as a member of the National Academy of Sciences. This academy was “founded during the civil war and is one of the most important research councils in the nation”.[3] A long list of other honors and positions given to Dr. Davis included being elected as the president of the executive council of the medical fraternity Nu Sigma Nu, being elected as president of the American Association of Electroencephalography, being awarded the Army-Navy certificate of appreciation for his research done during times of war, and being elected for membership to the American Otological Society alongside Dr. Silverman in 1949.[7] Membership to the aforementioned society was limited to 100 individuals who were the highest achievers in their field thus showcasing how far Davis had advanced the development of audiology.[3] During the 1960s, Davis served as a chairman of the National Research Council's Committee on the Sonic Boom and Supersonic Transport, was elected as chairman of the Physiology Section of the National Academy of Sciences, and was a member of the Acoustical Standards Board of American Standards Association where he argued that the noises from jets breaking the sound barrier over populated cities would result in hearing irritation to the public, in addition to being an economic risk.[1][2][3] More achievements of his. Nothing too special but it is factual. Davis was awarded the National Medal of Science in 1975 and was the first American born scientist to receive the Shambaugh Prize in otology.[4] The Shambaugh prize is “from the Collegium Oto-Rhino-Laryngologicum Amicitiae Sacrum, an international society devoted to scientific study and development in the field of of otolaryngology”.[3] The award is presented just every three years to the scientist who has made an outstanding contribution to the field and was given to Dr. Davis with the inscription “As a recognition for outstanding work on the physiology of hearing and the development of testing procedures for hard-of-hearing individuals”.[3] More accomplishments. Once again, just factual. After accepting the numerous awards presented to him he continued forward with his schedule of presenting his findings through speeches including him “hosting a seminar at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, a symposium on circulation in the ear at the American Otological Association Meeting in Florida, and completion of a chapter on "the Hearing Mechanism for The Handbook of Noise Control, edited by Dr. Cyril Harris of Columbia University”.[3] In the following years he would go on further presenting his findings by presiding the 1956 Opening Session of the Second International Acoustical Congress in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and being appointed to the position of a 4-year term Chairman of the newly organized Board of Scientific Counselors of the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness of H.E.W.[8][3] “This is a board of 6 scientists to review and advise the National Institute concerning scientific activities in various fields in the institute”.[3] In the March of 1960 Dr. Davis added further to his list of accomplishments when he was awarded the Gold Medal of Merit of the American Otological Society for his contributions to the scientific understanding of otology.[4] Among his dozens of recognitions he still had yet to see the end; on June 3rd, 1965, in Washington D.C. Dr. Hallowell Davis was presented the Acoustical Society of America’s Gold medal award “for his many contributions to our understanding of the workings of the hearing mechanism” as well as the Gold Medal of Merit of the American Otological Society for outstanding contributions to the scientific understanding of the specialty of otology.[3] In October of 1976 he was to receive one of his more notable recognitions. He was among 15 recipients of the National Medal of Science which was presented by President Ford at the White House to the highest achievers of scientific research and development throughout their lifetime. Dr. Davis was the first man from Missouri to ever win this award.[3][4][8] This is really the end of his achievements and the information I have on him. I transition to his passing away in the following paragraphs. Personal life He married the former Pauline Allen in 1923 at a refugee camp near Istanbul, where they were treating those with typhus, smallpox and other diseases. She served as his research partner until her death in 1942.[1] He married Florence Eaton in 1944 and then Nancy Gilson in 1983, three years after the death of his second wife. In 1958 Dr. Davis attended a reunion of the 1918 Harvard Graduating class where he also saw his first son Roland graduate and receive his Ph. D. in Biology. Davis was a resident of University City, Missouri. He died at age 95 on August 22, 1992, at the Bethesda Dalworth Home in St. Louis. He was survived by his third wife, Nancy, as well as a daughter, two sons, four grandchildren and four great-grandchildren. He donated his inner ear for scientific research.[5] I only added one sentence to this paragraph. I think altogether it is adequate considering that is all the information I have available to me. References 1. ↑ Galambos, Robert. Hallowell Davis: 1896—1992, National Academy of Science. Accessed July 17, 2010. 2. ↑ Hallowell Davis Papers, Washington University School of Medicine. Accessed July 17, 2010. 3. ↑ Lane, Helen S. (1981). The History of Central Institute. 818 South Euclid Avenue: Historical Institute of The Central Institute for the Deaf. pp. 112, 204–205, 251–258. 4. ↑ National Science Foundation - The President's National Medal of Science 5. ↑Saxon, Wolfgang. "Hallowell Davis, 96, an Explorer Who Charted the Inner Ear, Dies", The New York Times, September 10, 1992. Accessed July 15, 2010. Note that this article indicates that he was 96 in the article title and in the text, when a calculation based on the dates of his birth and death supplied by the article indicates that he died at age 95, nine days before he would have celebrated his 96th birthday. The birth and death dates provided in the obituary in The New York Times match those in the NAS article. 6. ↑Staff. "HAIRS IN EAR HELD TO CONVEY SOUNDS; Electrically Charged, They Act in Response to Noises as Resisters, Scientist Says", The New York Times, September 11, 1952. Accessed July 17, 2010. 7. ↑Staff. "HARVARD'S WAR CLASS DAY.; Many Uniformed Men in the Procession Through the Yard.", The New York Times, June 19, 1918. Accessed July 17, 2010. 8. ↑Staff. "HORACE A. DAVIS, 87, A LAWYER, AUTHOR", The New York Times, October 6, 1957. Accessed July 17, 2010. 9. ↑Staff. "TO AID PRE-MEDICAL MEN.; Harvard Appoints Graduate Adviser to Guide Their Studies.", The New York Times, October 5, 1925. Accessed July 17, 2010.

Washuthomas (talk) 20:03, 25 June 2018 (UTC)

Reply 26-JUN-2018

 Declined

1. Your request does not clearly differentiate between the text which already exists in the article, and text which you wish to add to the article. Your request need not include text from the article that you wish to remain unchanged. Only added or subtracted information should be included here. However, if your wish is to add all of the text, please indicate which of that text constitutes your proposal and which constitutes already existing text.
2. Many of the sources you have added are to the New York Times. That publication makes URL's available to almost all of its past articles. An attempt should be made to discover whether or not these URL's can be added to the references.
3. The references provided are not formatted using the article's already established reference style. Please style the references in your request using that reference format already utilized by the article.
4. Other provided references do not include any information on where they originate from (e.g., #1, #2 and #4.) Please provide the added details for these references.

Please re-draft your request, taking care to implement the suggestions above, and resubmit the request using a new edit request template at your earliest convenience. Thank you!  spintendo  00:03, 27 June 2018 (UTC)

Update Proposed Changes

This is the updated information. I will try and keep it simple. I have disclosed my possible COI above. In this suggestion I have only included the text which I suggest should be edited. If I suggest certain text be deleted/added I will put REPLACE WITH, REMOVE, or ADD in front of said text respectively. I will add a footnote in ^{bolded superscript} describing what is being deleted or replaced if necessary. Also, in reference to the New York Times citations, I was not the original poster of those sources. I have recently added a good number of sources, all of which I believe have the complete information. The incomplete New York Times references were approved and posted by a different author prior to me ever having read the article. I only added them to my previous draft to maintain continuity with the original article's citations. I do not know the specific details of the previous authors references but I can attempt to locate those articles if it will help update the information. In this newest suggestion, however, I have only cited my personally utilized sources and not what is currently under the active page's references. If this is implemented then the references cited by the original author will have to be added including those NYT references.

The book "The History of Central Institute" that I have cited is a Scholarly Press book (permitted on Wikipedia, as shown here) written by a third party historian. This book contains only factual information pulled from archives and public records by Historian/Scholar Helen S. Lane who wrote the book. The Central Institute were those who published this book but it is still permitted for use under Wikipedia's citation rules as the content being cited was collected and written by a third party historian (Lane) who was independent of the university's publishing, as well as the subject I am writing about, when she was completing her factual writings.

Early life and studies

ADD "and studies" to this header.↑

REMOVE (He graduated from Harvard College in 1918, where he was the class orator at graduation. He earned his medical degree from Harvard Medical School in 1922 and then spent a year at the University of Cambridge where he was trained as an electrophysiologist in the laboratory of Edgar Adrian, 1st Baron Adrian. In 1925, Harvard named Davis to serve as an official tutor and instructor in pre-medical sciences, as a means of helping prepare students intending to advance to Harvard and other medical schools to "get the soundest general foundation possible for their medical education". After the year in England, he returned to teach at Harvard and became an assistant professor at Harvard College in 1927 and the school's first tutor in biochemical sciences, later becoming the director of the school's Psycho-Acoustic Laboratory.)

REPLACE WITH (Hallowell Davis was born on August 31, 1896, in New York City, the son of attorney Horace A. Davis. He graduated summa cum laude from Harvard College in 1918, where, in his time outside of his studies, he drove an ambulance in France during the height of WW1. He was also the class orator at graduation. He earned his medical degree from Harvard Medical School in 1922 and then spent a year completing postgraduate studies at Cambridge University in England where he was trained as an electrophysiologist in the laboratory of Edgar Adrian, 1st Baron Adrian. )

ADD (Following his year at Cambridge, he returned to Harvard to join the medical school faculty and became an assistant professor at Harvard College in 1927 as well as the school's first tutor in biochemical sciences, later becoming the director of the school's Psycho-Acoustic Laboratory.) ^{I believe this would sound best as the final sentence of this section following the quote about sound general foundation for medical education.}

References

Audiology pioneer

During the 1930s, Davis participated in the development of electroencephalography and was the first person in the United States to have his brain waves scanned by an EEG device ADD (as well as becoming the first to develop an ink-writing electroencephalograph.)

REMOVE ( Davis moved to the Central Institute for the Deaf, where some of his early work was for the Veterans Administration in the development of improved hearing aids for soldiers who had experienced hearing loss. )

REPLACE WITH (“During World War II, Dr. Davis worked on a design for hearing aids, and supervised federally funded research in progress throughout the United States for the office of Scientific Research and Development”. Supervision of one of these projects is what originally brought him to the Central Institute for the Deaf in St. Louis where he would complete a majority of his lifetime work and research. When Dr. Silverman and Dr. Lane of CID asked for his help in finding somebody to take the position of Director of Research he indicated his interest in taking the position and was promptly given the job.)

Combining aspects and research from the fields of behaviorism, electroacoustic engineering and electrophysiology, Davis was able to advance the study of the field, which could be seen in his 1947 work Hearing and Deafness: A Guide for the Layman, which he co-edited with S. Richard Silverman ADD (; the man who, later that year, he would be offered a position alongside in the office of the Surgeon General of the War Department.)

ADD (In 1948, Davis was appointed chairman of the Sub-Panel on vibrations of the panel of Aviation medicine and was later appointed as the chairman of the committee of ultrasonics for the navy as well as the chairman of the committee on hearing aids of the American Medical Association. In the April of 1948 Davis was elected as a member of the National Academy of Sciences. This academy was “founded during the civil war and is one of the most important research councils in the nation”. A long list of other honors and positions given to Dr. Davis included being elected as the president of the executive council of the medical fraternity Nu Sigma Nu, being elected as president of the American Association of Electroencephalography, being awarded the Army-Navy certificate of appreciation for his research done during times of war, and being elected for membership to the American Otological Society alongside Dr. Silverman in 1949. Membership to the aforementioned society was limited to 100 individuals who were the highest achievers in their field thus showcasing how far Davis had advanced the development of audiology.)

During the 1960s, Davis ADD (was elected as chairman of the Physiology Section of the National Academy of Sciences, was a member of the Acoustical Standards Board of American Standards Association, and) served ADD (as a chairman) on the National Research Council's Committee on the Sonic Boom and Supersonic Transport, where he argued that the noise ADD (of jets breaking the sound barrier over cities) would result in hearing irritation to the public, in addition to being an economic risk.

Davis was awarded the National Medal of Science in 1975 ADD (and was the first American born scientist to receive the Shambaugh Prize in otology. The Shambaugh prize is “from the Collegium Oto-Rhino-Laryngologicum Amicitiae Sacrum, an international society devoted to scientific study and development in the field of of otolaryngology”. The award is presented every three years to the scientist who has made an outstanding contribution to the field and was given to Dr. Davis with the inscription “As a recognition for outstanding work on the physiology of hearing and the development of testing procedures for hard-of-hearing individuals”.)

ADD (After accepting the awards presented to him he continued forward with his schedule of presenting his findings including him “hosting a seminar at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, a symposium on circulation in the ear at the American Otological Association Meeting in Florida, and completion of a chapter on the hearing mechanism for The Handbook of Noise Control, edited by Dr. Cyril Harris of Columbia University.” In the following years he would go on further presenting his findings by presiding the 1956 Opening Session of the Second International Acoustical Congress in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and being appointed to the position of a 4-year term Chairman of the newly organized Board of Scientific Counselors of the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness of H.E.W. “This is a board of 6 scientists to review and advise the National Institute concerning scientific activities in various fields in the institute.” In the March of 1960 Dr. Davis added further to his list of accomplishments when he was awarded the Gold Medal of Merit of the American Otological Society for his contributions to the scientific understanding of otology. Among his dozens of recognitions he still had yet to see the end; on June 3rd, 1965, in Washington D.C. Dr. Hallowell Davis was presented the Acoustical Society of America’s Gold medal award “for his many contributions to our understanding of the workings of the hearing mechanism” as well as the Gold Medal of Merit of the American Otological Society for outstanding contributions to the scientific understanding of the specialty of otology. In October of 1976 he was to receive one of his more notable recognitions. He was among 15 recipients of the National Medal of Science which was presented by President Ford at the White House to the highest achievers of scientific research and development throughout their lifetime. Dr. Davis was the first man from Missouri to ever win this award.)

References

Personal life

ADD (Davis had three children: "Allen Young (1924), Anna Norwood (1925), and Rowland Hallowell (1933)". In 1958 Dr. Davis attended a reunion of the 1918 Harvard Graduating class where he also saw his first son Roland graduate and receive his PhD in Biology.)

^{I didn't change any of the sentences in the final paragraph but I believe this could be added wherever you see fit under this section.}

References

References

ADD↓ Washuthomas (talk) 20:10, 27 June 2018 (UTC)