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[edit]
The "vitamin candy" was a dietary supplement in the 1950s advertised by celebrity Ann Sheridan and claiming to lead to "up to 10 pounds losses with the very first box", all the while "eating what you want".
  • In History section: Although this diet (banting) was deemed unscientific at the time due to a lack of a proposal of a scientifically sound mechanism, Dr Frederick Banting, a distant relative,[1] discovered insulin as one of the first treatments and mechanisms for diabetic individuals, receiving the Nobel Prize for this discovery, and giving the patent for free.[2]
  • A primary study on the conditions for sustained weight loss after following a fad diet.[3]
  • In Health claims evaluations section: Supplementary products accompanying some fad diets should be approached with precaution, as these are largely unregulated, and particularly online purchase of weight loss supplements, which do not require an independent health check despite known contraindications.[4] In the USA, the advertisement and labeling of dietary supplements is regulated by the Federal Trade Commission and Food and Drug Administration.[5][6][7]
  • In History: The 20th century also saw the faint appearance of other fad diets and related products in the USA, such as a soap which "never fails to reduce flesh", a salt to "wash away your fat", laxative pills that only resulted in dehydration and an exercise machine to "jiggle the pounds".[8] Some diet theories went beyond food, such as breatharianism, an ancient belief which claims that food and water are unnecessary and that the mind can subsist on spirituality and sunlight alone, although the prolonged fasting eventually leads to starvation and devotees have been spotted eating and drinking in hiding.[9]
  • In History: Gayelord Hauser was a famous food faddist who promoted five "wonder foods": blackstrap molasses, brewer's yeast, skimmed milk, wheat germ and yogurt.[10] In 1951, Hauser's book Look Younger, Live Longer, made claims rejected by the FDA such as blackstrap molasses could "add 5 years to your life".[11][12]
  • Another claim is that dieting may lead to compulsive or binge eating, which is an extrapolation of the results of a post-war famine study, where 19 prisoners of war were observed during their rehabilitation with unlimited access to food, and found they tended to indulge in binge eating, which may be explained by other factors (fear of death, illnesses and injuries).[13]

References

  1. ^ Taubes, Gary (2007). Good Calories, Bad Calories: Challenging the Conventional Wisdom on Diet, Weight Control, and Disease. Knopf. ISBN 978-1-4000-4078-0.
  2. ^ "The man who discovered insulin - and gave it away for free". Diabetes Community. 13 November 2015.
  3. ^ Shick SM, Wing RR, Klem ML, McGuire MT, Hill JO, Seagle H; Wing; Klem; McGuire; Hill; Seagle (April 1998). "Persons successful at long-term weight loss and maintenance continue to consume a low-energy, low-fat diet". J Am Diet Assoc. 98 (4): 408–13. doi:10.1016/S0002-8223(98)00093-5. PMID 9550162.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ Hart, Katherine (2018). "4.6 Fad diets and fasting for weight loss in obesity.". In Hankey, Catherine (ed.). Advanced nutrition and dietetics in obesity. Wiley. pp. 177–182. ISBN 9780470670767.
  5. ^ "Dietary supplement concerns? Tell the FTC and FDA". FTC - Consumer Information. 25 July 2017.
  6. ^ "Dietary Supplements: An Advertising Guide for Industry". Federal Trade Commission. 2 April 2001.
  7. ^ "Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Overreach". Natural Products Association.
  8. ^ "150 Years of Dieting Fads: An American Story". www.cbsnews.com.
  9. ^ Wdowik, Melissa (7 November 2017). "The long, strange history of dieting fads". The Conversation. Retrieved 21 October 2019.
  10. ^ Barrett, Stephen; Jarvis, William T. (1993). The Health robbers : a close look at quackery in America. Prometheus Books. p. 79. ISBN 0-87975-855-4.
  11. ^ "Some Notes on Gayelord Hauser". www.quackwatch.org. 2008-01-13.
  12. ^ US Senate Special Committee on Aging. Hearings before the Subcommittee on Frauds and Misrepresentation Affecting the Elderly. 2. Health frauds and quackery. March 9, 1964. Published in 1964 by the U.S. Government Printing Office.
  13. ^ Johnstone, A (May 2015). "Fasting for weight loss: an effective strategy or latest dieting trend?". International Journal of Obesity (2005) (Review). 39 (5): 727–33. doi:10.1038/ijo.2014.214. PMID 25540982.

Last update: 21:21, 20 November 2019 (UTC)

Additional content/sources to add

[edit]
  • The History section could be much more expanded, in fact this seems the most interesting and well studied side of fad diets, here are a few excellent refs (the refs already in the History section could also be explored more exhaustively):[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Also check this timeline with references: [1].
  • Fad therapies: A somewhat related concept: fad therapies. Here is a nice review on children, where we learn that it is estimated that 21% of the children in USA who receive medical care also use alternative therapies![2]
  • Here's a good but old resource of the American Dietary Association published in 2001 advising physicians a list of sources to consult about (fad) diets. It's a bit old, the references might be outdated, but it might be worth checking, maybe at least for the history section?[3]
  • A highly interesting notion that should be covered if a better source could be found, is about health halos,[10] which suggests that people are more likely to underestimate the high-caloric content of fast food when fast-food restaurants claim to be healthy. Probably the same effect happens for fad diets. Would be cool to find a reliable source covering this. Maybe this 2015 review[11] can be adequate?
  • A review specifically stating that (fad) diets that work for weight loss do so because of calorie restriction (whereas previous studies suggest that but do not claim as strongly), but seems not yet published (apart from prepublication), to watch depending on where (what journal) it lands.[16]
  • A source on dietary supplements, some economic info on their market and their potential reduction of healthcare cost (to cross check against other sources, might be biased).[17]
  • Another source to exploit.[18]
  • Check if some of the sources of this (non usuable) article can be used: [4].
  • "How culture and society influence healthy eating"[5], source not usable per se, but its reference might be.
  • Fads vs trends, interesting blog post but need an adequate source[6].

Last update: 18:51, 20 November 2019 (UTC)

References

  1. ^ Johnston, Josée; Goodman, Michael K. (7 May 2015). "Spectacular Foodscapes". Food, Culture & Society. 18 (2): 205–222. doi:10.2752/175174415X14180391604369.
  2. ^ Cargill, Kima (2016). Food cults : how fads, dogma, and doctrine influence diet. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 1442251328.
  3. ^ Rothblum, Esther D. (January 1990). "Women and Weight: Fad and Fiction". The Journal of Psychology. 124 (1): 5–24. doi:10.1080/00223980.1990.10543202.
  4. ^ bentley, amy (August 2004). "The Other Atkins Revolution: Atkins and the Shifting Culture of Dieting". Gastronomica. 4 (3): 34–45. doi:10.1525/gfc.2004.4.3.34.
  5. ^ Johnson, Raegan C. (2006). "The rise and fall of fad diets: how the news media frame and represent the Atkins diet, 1972-2005". University of Missouri--Columbia.
  6. ^ Bishop, Ronald (24 July 2016). "Old Dogs, New Tricks? An Ideological Analysis of Thematic Shifts in Television Advertising for Diet Products, 1990-2000". Journal of Communication Inquiry. 25 (4): 334–352. doi:10.1177/0196859901025004002.
  7. ^ Lisa La Chapelle Berry (December, 1999). "MEDIA AND PEER INFLUENCE ON FAD DIETS TRIED BY ADOLESCENT FEMALES" (PDF). {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  8. ^ Bourke, Joanna (March 2012). "The long history of dieting fads". The Lancet. 379 (9820): 994–995. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60416-4.
  9. ^ Cannon, Geoffrey (2 January 2007). "The rise and fall of dietetics and of nutrition science, 4000 BCE–2000 CE". Public Health Nutrition. 8 (6a): 701–705. doi:10.1079/PHN2005766.
  10. ^ Chandon, Pierre; Wansink, Brian (October 2007). "The Biasing Health Halos of Fast-Food Restaurant Health Claims: Lower Calorie Estimates and Higher Side-Dish Consumption Intentions". Journal of Consumer Research. 34 (3): 301–314. doi:10.1086/519499.
  11. ^ Miller, LM; Cassady, DL (September 2015). "The effects of nutrition knowledge on food label use. A review of the literature". Appetite. 92: 207–16. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2015.05.029. PMID 26025086.
  12. ^ Price, James H.; Allensworth, Diane D. (12 March 2013). ""Guaranteed in Just Six Weeks …"". Health Education. 11 (6): 4–9. doi:10.1080/00970050.1980.10616760.
  13. ^ Yancy, William S.; McVay, Megan A.; Brinkworth, Grant D. (25 December 2013). "Adherence to Diets for Weight Loss". JAMA. 310 (24): 2676. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.282639.
  14. ^ Mattson, Leigh (19 May 2018). "Fad Diets or Exercise? Maintaining Weight Among Millennials". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  15. ^ Friedman, RB (January 1986). "Fad diets. Evaluation of five common types". Postgraduate medicine. 79 (1): 249–55, 258. doi:10.1080/00325481.1986.11699250. PMID 3510425.
  16. ^ Omar, Mariam; Nouh, Faiza; Younis, Manal; Younis, Moftah; Nabil, Nesma; Elamshity, Bushra; Ahmad, Hajar; Elhadad, Ibraheem; Elmagri, Abdelraouf (8 April 2019). "Fad Diet". Asian Food Science Journal: 1–11. doi:10.9734/AFSJ/2019/v8i229987.
  17. ^ Amagase, H (2015). "US Dietary Supplement Labeling Rules and the Possibility of Medical Cost Reduction". Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology. 61 Suppl: S136-8. doi:10.3177/jnsv.61.S136. PMID 26598828.
  18. ^ Larhammar, Dan (13 December 2016). "Fakes and fraud in commercial diets". Scandinavian Journal of Nutrition. 49 (2): 78–80. doi:10.1080/11026480510032052.
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