Talk:Electronic seal

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Electronic Seal vs (or and) Digital Seal

The article's description section talks more about digital seals than electronic seals.

When you look at electronic signature vs digital signature, there's a clear distinction between them. As per my industry knowledge:

Electronic

Electronic signature - Is simply an electronic format (jpeg, png, base64) representation of your hand-drawn or typed signature, associated with an intent of approval.

Electronic seal - Is a sub-type of electronic signature, where the intent is to attest the origin and authenticity of the document. Example can be an image representation of a company seal or rubber stamp.

Digital

Digital signature - Is a cryptographically computed fingerprint for a digital file like a PDF for example with a digital certificate attesting to the identity of the signing party's public key.

Digital seal - Is a sub-type of digital signature, where the intent is to attest the integrity and authenticity of the document by applying a tamper-evident cryptographic signature on the e-signed or e-sealed document. Note: My understanding is that Digital seal can be applied and perceived in the context of 'sealing' on a document even if it doesn't have an e-signature or e-seal on it as it provides the authenticity, non-repudiation, and integrity with the tamper-evident nature of it.

In this article, I am observing that it is more about digital seal rather than electronic seal. I also acknowledge that there is an overlap with electronic and digital seal's contexts and intent. If my observation makes sense, I'd like to propose a new article for digital seal and modifications to this one to clearly call out that electronic seal can be backed with a digital certificate.

Addendum

The source [1] seems reliable and the terminology used there is 'Digital Seals' as well.
In the eIDAS regulation, Electronic Seals are mentioned, butin the context where it'd be supported by a digital certificate, making it Advanced Electronic Seal and Qualified Electronic Seal. An Electronic Seal by itself is a Simple Electronic Seal.

--Karthikeyan KC 09:17, 20 January 2024 (UTC)