Talk:Collagen loss

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Issue with section "Lifestyle habits that lead to collagen loss"

Both subsections seem to include sources which don't back up the claims. Additionally, the English is bad. To name two sentences: The process of glycation not only does it damage the collagen existing in the body but also makes some alterations to its stability. and It causes the skin around the lips to loose collagen when it comes into contact with the smoke.

Approaches that can be used to counter collagen loss

Various methods exist to address collagen loss within the body, such as treatments involving vitamin A supplementation. The skin can be subjected to either extrinsic or intrinsic factors caused by aging.^[1] Aging skin is characterized by having wrinkles, loss of flexibility, laxity, and having a rough appearance. Either intrinsic or extrinsic factors trigger cutaneous aging. Intrinsic aging is an unavoidable physiological process that causes skin thinning, wrinkling, and slow dermal atrophy. Correspondingly, extrinsic aging is triggered and influenced by external environmental factors, including pollution in the air, smoking, poor nutrition, and excess exposure to the sun. In the following research, we will review the various changes that take place in the process of skin aging, the advancement of research in the molecular mechanisms that lead to the changes, and the different methods of treatment and skin maintenance.^[2]

Skin aging is not only affected by intrinsic factors but also can be triggered and influenced by external factors. These changes co-occur with various phenotypic alterations in the cutaneous cells. Also, they may change the structures and functions of extracellular constituents, which may include collagens, proteoglycans, and elastin necessary for providing the strength of stretching, elasticity, and hydration of the skin.^[3]

Intrinsic aging of the skin is a process of the skin changing over time. Aging of the inner parts of the body that are protected mainly occurs due to intrinsic factors that can be genetic or metabolic. At the same time, the features that are exposed are affected by extrinsic influences, which consist primarily of ultraviolet rays from the sun.^[4] For the skin that has undergone intrinsic changes most of the variations are identifiable on the basal layer. Studies have shown that when a person ages, the cells' reproduction in the basal layer decreases. Thus, the epidermis becomes thinner, and the contact surface area between the dermis and epidermis reduces, thus diminishing the nutrition exchange to the epidermis. This causes the basal layer to be weak; therefore, the cells cannot multiply or grow.^[1] This process, which involves a decrease in the productivity of cells, is known as cellular senescence. Research shows that skin that has aged intrinsically does not only degenerate collagens, elastin, etc. but also oligosaccharides, which affects the skin's ability to retain moisture.

Besides the internal factors that may cause skin aging, external factors such as exposure to sunlight also cause the skin to age. 80% of the cases of skin aging have been caused by exposure to ultraviolet radiation, which is the primary cause of extrinsic aging of the skin. In contrast to the thinning of the epidermis in internally aged skin, the extrinsically aged skin, the ultraviolet rays cause the epidermis to thicken, and the utmost level of the epidermis, which is the stratum corneum is affected and becomes thick due to the failure of the corneocyte desmosomes.^[5] In the basal cells, the proteins on the cells' surface interacts with the proteins decreased, mainly showing that the rate of production of the cells is also reduced. When exposed to ultraviolet radiation, the type VII collagen in keratinocytes decreases which in turn leads to the emergence of wrinkles that come about due to the weakening connection between the dermis and epidermis.^[3] Research shows that type 1 collagen reduces in amount when exposed to UV light because of the dilapidation of the collagen.

MMPs and proteases are also involved in the dilapidation activity. In skin that has gone through photo-aging, a noticeable feature occurs deeply in the dermis, which is the buildup of uncharacteristic elastic tissue; this is called solar elastolysis.^[4] The UV radiation causes the level of elastin, which forms the fiber cleavage, which in turn causes the deposit of elastic fibers. Research has shown that aging caused by exposure to UV causes the N-terminal and center parts of the tropoelastin molecules to be prone to enzymatic cleavage, thus resulting in an acceleration of the dilapidation of elastin about the age of the individual. Similarly, the microvasculature also reduces as the individual ages. This occurs due to the endothelial dysfunction, which also comprises a reduction in angiogenic capacity and impaired vasodilatory task.^[6]

^ ^a ^b Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Ferraro V, Gaillard-Martinie B, Sayd T, Chambon C, Anton M, Santé-Lhoutellier V (April 2017). "Collagen type I from bovine bone. Effect of animal age, bone anatomy, and Drying Methodology on extraction yield, self-assembly, thermal behavior and Electrokinetic Potential". International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 97: 55–66. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.12.068. PMID 28038914.
^ ^a ^b Cite error: The named reference :1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ ^a ^b Cite error: The named reference :12 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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Moving section into talk page

I'm moving this section into this talkpage instead of just deleting outright in case it has some utility in an article on skin aging or something.

The title of this section "Approaches that can be used to counter collagen loss" is basically a wordier version of the preceding section titled "Treatment for collagen loss". But this section doesn't address how to counter collagen loss, it is almost entirely just a discussion on skin aging which isn't even focused on the aspects of skin aging that are directly related to collagen loss. I tried salvaging parts of it to be moved elsewhere into the article, but they are either redundant to information already present elsewhere in the article, or are questionable (the line about collagen VII contributing to wrinkles is unsupported by the reference to it, I would not be surprised for it to be true, but it needs a proper reference, especially since it doesn't seem as though collagen VII is normally discussed when discussing wrinkles). Photos of Japan (talk) 09:34, 11 September 2023 (UTC)[reply]

[:0-1] Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[:3-2] Ferraro V, Gaillard-Martinie B, Sayd T, Chambon C, Anton M, Santé-Lhoutellier V (April 2017). "Collagen type I from bovine bone. Effect of animal age, bone anatomy, and Drying Methodology on extraction yield, self-assembly, thermal behavior and Electrokinetic Potential". International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 97: 55–66. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.12.068. PMID 28038914.

[:1-3] Cite error: The named reference :1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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