Talk:Coeliac disease/Archive 5

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Change to lead

Hi, people, as this is a featured article I feel the need to get consensus on a change to the lead I would like to make. The change I would like to make is the following; the first sentence currently reads:
"Coeliac disease (/ˈsiːli.æk/; celiac disease in the United States^[1] and often celiac sprue) is an autoimmune disorder of the small intestine that occurs in genetically predisposed people of all ages from middle infancy onward."

I think the article would benefit if I was to change this sentence to:
"Coeliac disease (/ˈsiːli.æk/; celiac disease in the United States^[1] and often celiac sprue) is an autoimmune disorder of the small intestine that occurs in genetically-predisposed people of all ages in response to dietary consumption of gluten."

As I think it's important to get to the crux of the disease in the first sentence and part of this is the fact that gluten is the precipitating factor in CD sufferers. Plus I may not be an English teacher but I'm pretty sure in British English we're meant to use hyphens when two words are woven together in the sentence. I am Australian so British English is meant to be second nature to me. Thoughts? Fuse809 (talk) 03:19, 20 March 2014 (UTC)

Remission

I had celiac and a very restricted diet as a small child. It was explained to me later by a relative (chief of staff at a major hospital) that children often outgrow celiac or at least its symptoms. Indeed, I have observed no diet restrictions for decades since early childhood, eat great quantities of wheat products, and as far as I know have no symptoms of the condition whatsoever. I think remission should be discussed in the article. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Econprof (talk • contribs) 04:35, 13 April 2014 (UTC)

Hello Econprof. Current thinking is that people who are rechallenged with gluten will usually relapsed. If you believe that it can be "outgrown", I suggest you present a high-quality secondary source here (see WP:MEDRS) to support that assertion. Thanks! JFW | T@lk 19:50, 13 April 2014 (UTC)

Being asymptomatic isn't necessarily the same as being in remission (ask any cancer patient). Have you had negative antibody tests as an adult? 3AlarmLampscooter (talk) 19:50, 24 October 2014 (UTC)

Other pathological findings

Humpath added content based on doi:10.1309/AJCPE89ZPVJTSPWL. This is unfortunately a primary source. There are several recent secondary sources specifically about coeliac disease pathology (doi:10.5858/arpa.2011-0572-RA and doi:10.1016/j.giec.2012.07.001) that might be better sources. JFW | T@lk 17:37, 27 April 2014 (UTC)

Cross-reaction between gliadin and different foods

file.scirp.org/Html/5-2700516_26626.htm A subgroup of coeliac disease patients continues to experience symptoms even on a gluten-free diet.] The list of foods which can cause coeliac symptoms is long and includes: rice, corn, yeast, dairy and many other popular gluten-free products. I heard that coeliac disease patients are advised to remove all of them from their diet.

I think there should be a significant section in the article or even a separate article on that issue. I'm not an expert and I can't do that myself, so I ask all more competent people to consider my suggestion. Thanks. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Agnes86 (talk • contribs) 19:22, 3 June 2014 (UTC)

doi:10.4236/fns.2013.41005 is a weak primary source that does not demonstrate whether exclusion of further foods actually improved the symptoms. There is a real risk of losing out on important micronutrients and I cannot support a significant section on something dubious like this. Many times, contamination is the real issue. JFW | T@lk 21:27, 8 June 2014 (UTC)

Avitaminosis

I added a link from "vitamin deficiencies" to Avitaminosis. If that's not an appropriate link, then could someone suggest a different one? Rissa, copy editor (talk) 19:04, 25 June 2014 (UTC)

Inaccurate schematic of mucosal immunopathology

The schematic of mucosal immunopathology shows the crypts of Lieberkühn inaccurately. In the current schematic, they are shown running perpendicular under the villi wherein reality they are positioned at the base of villi in parallel shafts.

It's an otherwise nice diagram of the Marsh score, but it needs to be either corrected to show the crypts properly or else removed. AcrossThePond (talk) 16:16, 2 July 2014 (UTC)

WikipedianProlific, the creator of the image, is not active anymore. Do you think you could modify the image yourself and upload a corrected version, AcrossThePond? JFW | T@lk 20:10, 2 July 2014 (UTC)

Gut flora in CD

doi:10.1128/CMR.00106-13 JFW | T@lk 21:33, 6 July 2014 (UTC)

Guideline

The British Society of Gastroenterology has (finally!) issued a consensus guideline. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2013-306578. The article will require updating. JFW | T@lk 14:56, 8 July 2014 (UTC)

Confusing prevalence

The text says:

The prevalence amongst adult blood donors in Iran, Israel, Saudi Arabia and Turkey is 0.60%, 0.64%, 1.61%, 1.15% and 1.0%, respectively.[11]

That's confusing. There are 5 percentages and 4 countries. Which corresponds to which? --pgimeno (talk) 15:28, 31 August 2014 (UTC)

Fixed. In the source the numbers pertained to "Iran, Israel, Syria, Turkey and Anatolia" which is confusing as Anatolia not a country but a region that overlaps to a large extent with Turkey. I removed the last number and also fixed Syria's transformation into Saudi Arabia. Kattfisk (talk) 12:58, 4 October 2014 (UTC)

Clarification requested

The article text reads "One region of α-gliadin stimulates membrane cells, enterocytes, of the intestine to allow larger molecules around the sealant between cells." It is unclear to me what it actually allows (does it for example allow larger molecules to reach the area around the sealant, or for example to stay around the sealant?) and how it "allows" this (by increasing the membrane permeability?). Similarly, two sentences later the text reads "Membrane leaking permits peptides of gliadin that stimulate two levels of immune response, the innate response and the adaptive (T-helper cell mediated) response." In which sense does it permit the peptides (does it for example permit peptides to stimate two levels, or for example permit peptides to cross the membrane?) and how does it "permit" this? Surely it's just a question of wording. --Chris Howard (talk) 16:35, 12 December 2014 (UTC)

It would be nice if someone could clarify this. --Chris Howard (talk) 19:00, 23 December 2014 (UTC)

Capsule endoscopy

There is no mention of whether capsule endoscopy (CE) can be used for diagnosing coeliac disease or not. As addition to the "Endoscopy" section, I propose:

Capsule endoscopy (CE) allows to identify typical mucosal changes observed in coeliac disease but has a lower sensitivity compared to regular endoscopy and histology. CE is therefore not the primary diagnostic tool for coeliac disease. However, CE can be used for diagnosing T-cell lymphoma, ulcerative jejunoileitis and adenocarcinoma in refractory or complicated celiac disease.(inline reference: PMID 25400450)

Please approve this change or propose modifications. --Chris Howard (talk) 21:58, 28 December 2014 (UTC)

Seems reasonable. JFW | T@lk 22:52, 28 December 2014 (UTC)

Thanks for your feedback. Done. --Chris Howard (talk) 22:57, 28 December 2014 (UTC)

Celiac Disease deaths.

This is the only allusion to death due to CD that I see in the article and it pops up at the very end, out of the blue: "Dicke noticed that the shortage of bread led to a significant drop in the death rate among children affected by CD from greater than 35% to essentially zero. He also reported that once wheat was again available after the conflict, the mortality rate soared to previous levels."

Shouldn't the death of some celiacs to the disease be mentioned specifically somewhere in the article? I would think a "prognosis" section would be a good place for it, except there's no such section. Is there no information on prognosis available? Thank you, Wordreader (talk) 04:52, 4 January 2015 (UTC)

We need some proper refs first. Have you come across any? Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 12:33, 4 January 2015 (UTC)

Wordreader Dicke's data was from war-torn Holland where food supplies were limited and there was genuine starvation. It is impossible to generalise to the present day. In fact, one can not really speak of death from coeliac disease alone because it is not independently known to cause death without some other illness contributing.

As James says, one can only write a "prognosis" section if there is discussion on prognosis in the relevant secondary sources. What kind of outcomes would one expect to use? Clearly not death (apart perhaps in a population sense), but improvement of symptoms, rate of complications? JFW | T@lk 13:40, 4 January 2015 (UTC)

Some refs:

In a population sense, a 2012 review article (PMID 23083988) states that "patients with diagnosed CD are at increased risk of mortality" and that regarding adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD) "the evidence that a GFD reduces the risk of mortality is weak, but there is some evidence suggesting that a GFD may reduce the risk of lymphoproliferative malignancy"; a 2008 review article (PMID 19096486) concludes: "Coeliac disease causes a certain increased risk of cancer and early death" and states that a GFD "is at least partly protective."

In terms of specific risks, a 2013 review article (PMID 21621350) speaks of invasive T lymphoma occurring in one celiac patient in 1000, stating that GFD is protective.

--Chris Howard (talk) 16:46, 4 January 2015 (UTC)

P.S.: There's another one along similar lines:

See the section 4. "Enteropathy-Associated T-cell Lymphoma and Celiac Disease" of this 2013 review article (PMID 23984314).

--Chris Howard (talk) 00:09, 5 January 2015 (UTC)

That is not the same as death caused directly by coeliac disease; statistical association does not prove causation. EATL is a complication, which can be lethal. JFW | T@lk 00:16, 5 January 2015 (UTC)

Certainly correlation does not prove causation. The 2008 review article says it "causes" an increased risk, but the full text is Norwegian so we are not sure what they meant. Your wording on EATL surely makes sense. An interesting point may be whether GFD makes a difference or not.

Anyway, this is not what Wordreader cited Dicke for, in terms of a drop from greater than 35% to essentially zero in children affected by CD. --Chris Howard (talk) 11:29, 5 January 2015 (UTC)

Fractures

Are more common in clinically diagnosed disease but the data in undiagnosed coeliac disease is more contradictory: doi:10.1210/jc.2014-1858 JFW | T@lk 15:28, 6 January 2015 (UTC)

Cause

I looked at the Cause section and found this:

"Coeliac disease is caused by a reaction to gliadin"

But what causes an individual to have a reaction? Does it just happen randomly, or what?

Then I read the lead again. So one inherits a predisposition, and when somebody with this predisposition consumes gliadin, that person from that point forward has the disease. Is this correct?

Moreover, the Cause section looks like a mixture of two things: the causes of coeliac disease itself, and what triggers symptoms in people who have the disease. The latter should really be in a separate section, leaving the main Cause section to concentrate on explaining the causes (both genetic and environmental) of a person having the condition in the first place. Does anybody who knows more about it than I do fancy a stab at it? — Smjg (talk) 23:05, 20 January 2015 (UTC)

Proposed addition to "Research" section

There is a 2015 review paper that gives some structure and overview with regard to research on new approaches for treating CD. As addition to the "Research" section, I propose to introduce the following sentence as overview (after the first sentence of the section "Research"):

Three main approaches have been proposed as new therapeutic modalities for celiac disease: gluten detoxification, modulation of the intestinal permeability, and modulation of the immune response.(inline reference: Castillo NE, Theethira TG, Leffler DA (2015). "The present and the future in the diagnosis and management of celiac disease". Gastroenterology Report (Review). 3 (1): 3–11. doi:10.1093/gastro/gou065. PMC 4324867. PMID 25326000.)

and then to add a further paragraph at the end of that section:

Attempts to modulate the immune response with regard to celiac disease are mostly still in phase I of clinical testing; one agent (CCX282-B) has been evaluated in a phase II clinical trial on the basis of small-intestinal biopsies taken from celiac disease patients before and after gluten exposure. (same inline reference)

Please approve this or propose other changes. --Chris Howard (talk) 09:10, 5 March 2015 (UTC)

I intend to introduce the proposed change if no objection is raised in the next, say, 24h. --Chris Howard (talk) 18:10, 7 March 2015 (UTC)

Done. --Chris Howard (talk) 18:32, 9 March 2015 (UTC)

Coeliac vs Celiac

I was studying up on Celiac (as it's spelled in my country) and but dove to a section about the origins and didn't realize until then, that the usage of "Coeliac" and "Celiac" are plentiful. At first what I thought was a typo turned into a research into the etymology of the word and now I'm wondering if we should have some formalized spelling for the Wikipedia page. While reading, it's frustrating going back and forth as with the words "diarrhoea" and "diarrhea". Should we make the spelling uniform, even if it's the omission of a single letter. I know that English sources are preferred on English articles, but what do we say about UK vs US spelling? Frankly, I don't care if it's all the UK spelling or all US spelling, but I'd like to see us as editors stick to one at least on a page to page basis. Let me know you're thoughts. I'll be watching the page. Complete turing (talk) 16:57, 8 March 2015 (UTC)

Complete turing In this article all spellings should be British English, per WP:ENGVAR. If you find American spellings feel free to correct them. JFW | T@lk 19:49, 8 March 2015 (UTC)

Coeliac disease video

I do not agree with the inclusion of this video:

Video explanation of celiac disease

.

It is very interactive and nice, but it does not reflect the current knowledge about the EC. These "old ideas" are the reason that most celiacs remain unrecognized, undiagnosed and untreated, and exposed to the risk of long-term complications, including malignancies such as intestinal lymphoma and greater mortality. And most patients suffer severe disease symptoms and extensive investigations for many years, before a proper diagnosis is achieved.

This video says that serological markers are "98% specific and sensitive" and that they are "super effective!" (minute 6:38), but many patients are seronegative. Yes, they are "super effective!", but only when they are present…

Also, it says that celiac disease leads to villous atrophy (destroyed villi, "flattened villi", minute 7:10), but the reality is that it only occurs in a minority of cases. Most patients (especially older than 2 years) have minor mucosal lesions, without atrophy of the intestinal villi.

This video only talk about diarrhea, failure to thrive and abdominal distension in children ("classical symptoms") and chronic diarrhea, bloating, but "symptoms vary", in adults (minute 7:48). However, people with these manifestations are only a little, little minority! Currently, this is the least common presentation form of the disease, which affects predominantly to small children generally younger than two years of age. Coeliac disease with “non-classic symptoms”, with mild or absent gastrointestinal symptoms but a wide variety of systemic manifestations, or even completely asymptomatic, is the most common clinical found type in people of all ages (children, adolescents and adults). In this video, there is no mention to non-gastrointestinal symptoms, nor associated diseases.

I repeat, these "old ideas" are “very dangerous” and the reason which most celiacs remain unrecognized, undiagnosed and untreated. So I removed this video.

Best regards. --BallenaBlanca (talk) 21:59, 8 March 2016 (UTC)

You state "Coeliac disease with “non-classic symptoms”, with mild or absent gastrointestinal symptoms but a wide variety of systemic manifestations, or even completely asymptomatic, is the most common clinical found type in people of all ages (children, adolescents and adults)."

While the ref states "The classical presentation in children occurs at age under 2 years with symptoms of malabsorption and poor growth.31–33This typically occurs after introduction of gluten in the diet. There is, however, a trend toward fewer patients presenting with symptomatic CD characterized by diarrhea and a significant shift toward more patients presenting with milder symptoms or as asymptomatic adults detected at screening.34"

This does not mean that non classic symptoms are most common just that they are less common than they used to be. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 22:12, 8 March 2016 (UTC)

Hi, Doc James. No problem, there are a lot of literature that reflects this reality. For example:

Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench. 2011 Summer;4(3):102-8. Subclinical celiac disease and gluten sensitivity. Rostami Nejad M, Hogg-Kollars S, Ishaq S, Rostami K (Review) PMID: 24834166 PMC: 4017418

Atypical presentation is the most common form of celiac disease (CD). (atypical --> non-classical symptoms)

CD is a common disorder in children as well as in adults. The spectrum of clinical presentations is wide, and currently extraintestinal manifestations (eg, anemia or short stature) are more common than the classic malabsorption symptoms. A high degree of awareness among health care professionals and a liberal use of serologic CD tests can help to identify many of the nonclassic cases. (..) Associated Conditions. An increasing number of studies have shown that many CD-associated problems, which originally were described mostly in adults, can indeed be observed in children or adolescents.

Autoimmun Rev. 2014 Apr-May;13(4-5):472-6. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2014.01.043. Epub 2014 Jan 15. Diagnosis and classification of celiac disease and gluten sensitivity. Tonutti E, Bizzaro N. PMID: 24440147

Clinical manifestations. CD is characterized by multiple clinical expressions. An ESPGHAN (European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition) working group has recently developed new guidelines for the diagnosis of CD based on scientific and technical developments using an evidence-based approach [10]. The ESPGHAN working group decided to revise the classification, also taking into consideration signs and symptoms that had not been considered in the previous classification. In particular, it was deemed advisable to eliminate the distinction between classic and atypical CD based on symptoms, as atypical signs and symptoms (e.g. anemia, neuropathy, reduced bone density) may be considerably more common than classic symptoms (e.g. chronic diarrhea).

Sci Am. 2009 Aug;301(2):54-61. Surprises from celiac disease. Fasano A. PMID: 19634568

Because CD often presents in an atypical fashion, many cases still go undiagnosed. This new ability to recognize the disease in all its conseforms at an early stage allows gluten to be removed from the diet before more serious complications develop.

Best regards. --BallenaBlanca (talk) 23:16, 8 March 2016 (UTC)

Thanks lets see if they are willing to update the video based on the concerns you have raised. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 20:20, 9 March 2016 (UTC)

Thank you very much, Doc James, you are very kind. Best regards. --BallenaBlanca (talk) 09:01, 10 March 2016 (UTC)

Hi BallenaBlanca. Thanks for your feedback. Here are our thoughts: - "Yes, they are "super effective!", but only when they are present…" At 6:38 we state 1-2% of patients do not have IgA antibodies and require IgG testing. Does that statement address your concern? If so I don't think we need to change that part of the video. - We can state most patients (in particular over the age of 2 years) have minor mucosal lesions without atrophy of the intestinal villi. In some cases, celiac disease destroys the villi causing the villi to flatten out. - We can state celiac disease can have a wide variety of symptoms, and many people of any age are asymptomatic or have very mild gastrointestinal symptoms. What non-gastrointestinal symptoms and associated diseases would you recommend we highlight?

Are there any other issues you noticed? OsmoseIt (talk) 22:28, 9 March 2016 (UTC)

Hi, OsmoseIt Thank you very much for your kindness.

First, I want to congratulate you for your work!

I'll try to answer as best I can:

"At 6:38 we state 1-2% of patients do not have IgA antibodies and require IgG testing. Does that statement address your concern?" No, it is not enough. There is an important confusion about sensitivity of antibodies: they are high sensitivity only for diagnosis typical (=classical, the least common forms) celiac disease, when there is villous atrophy, and show a marked decrease in sensitivity (of the order of 40-50%) in cases with mild villous atrophy or minimal changes (currently, the more common forms of the CD), but this fact is widely unknown.

Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2006 Jul 1;24(1):47-54. Systematic review: the use of serology to exclude or diagnose coeliac disease (a comparison of the endomysial and tissue transglutaminase antibody tests). Lewis NR1, Scott BB. PMID 16803602

Results. Both the endomysial antibody and tissue transglutaminase antibody have very high sensitivities (93% for both) and specificities (>99% and >98% respectively) for the diagnosis of typical coeliac disease with villous atrophy. (...) Thirty-four studies fulfilled our criteria and the details are shown in Table 1. The histological criterion for diagnosing coeliac disease was partial or more severe villous atrophy in the majority. (...) As the detection of at least partial villous atrophy was used to make a diagnosis of coeliac disease in the vast majority of studies, we can't assume that the same LRs apply to coeliac patients with lesser abnormality such as an increase in intraepithelial lymphocytes or electron-microscopic changes only. In fact, if such lesser abnormalities were used as criteria for diagnosing (and excluding) coeliac disease, the sensitivity of the tests could be lower (i.e. more false negatives), especially since a number of studies suggest that the EMA and tTG antibody tests are less sensitive with lesser degrees of mucosal abnormality.41–43 "

Med Clin (Barc). 2008 Sep 6;131(7):264-70. Celiac disease. Article in Spanish. Rodrigo L, Garrote JA, Vivas S PMID 18775218

La TG-t es el antígeno principal frente al que reaccionan los AEM, y es posible que haya otros antígenos menores localizados también en el endomisio. Posiblemente ésta sea la razón por la que los resultados de la determinación de los AEM y de la TG-t no sean del todo concordantes. En general puede decirse que los AEM son más específicos y los TG-t, más sensibles, en especial con el empleo del antígeno recombinante humano. Estos marcadores presentan en general una elevada sensibilidad y especificidad (cercanas al 90%) en presencia de atrofia marcada de las vellosidades intestinales. Sin embargo, muestran una notable disminución de la sensibilidad (del orden del 40-50%) en casos con atrofia vellositaria leve o cambios mínimos. En contraposición, también es posible que estos marcadores sean positivos en casos con mucosa normal o con cambios mínimos16,17. (tTG is the major antigen against which react EMA, and there may be other minor antigens also located in the endomysium. This is probably the reason why the results of the determination of EMA and tTG are not entirely consistent. In general it can be said that the EMA are more specific and tTG more sensitive, especially with the use of recombinant human antigen. These markers generally have high sensitivity and specificity (around 90%) in the presence of marked atrophy of the villi. However, they show a marked decrease in sensitivity (of the order of 40-50%) in cases with mild villous atrophy or minimal changes. In contrast, it is also possible that these markers are positive in cases with normal mucosa or with minimal changes16,17)

There is a diagnosis protocol, published by the Ministerio de Sanidad de la Nación (Argentina) which reflects this issue:

GUÍA DE PRÁCTICA CLÍNICA SOBRE DIAGNÓSTICO Y TRATAMIENTO DE LA ENFERMEDAD CELÍACA

La tasa de falsos negativos de las pruebas serológicas varía de acuerdo a la edad de los pacientes (mayor en adultos) y al grado de la lesión histológica. El anticuerpo antitransglutaminasa es positivo en sólo el 7,69%, 33,33% y 55,55 % de las lesiones en estadío Marsh I, II y IIIa respectivamente, mientras que la positividad asciende al 83,87% y 95,83% en las lesiones Marsh IIIb y IIIc respectivamente. Existe un riesgo manifiesto de no diagnosticar correctamente una proporción de pacientes con daño histológico leve a moderado si no se recurre a la biopsia confirmatoria.73 (The false negative rate of serological tests varies according to the age of patients (higher in adults) and the degree of histological injury. The transglutaminase antibody is positive in only 7.69%, 33.33% and 55.55% of lesions in Marsh stage I, II and IIIa respectively, whereas positivity amounts to 83.87% and 95.83% Marsh lesions IIIb and IIIc respectively. There is a clear risk of not properly diagnose a proportion of patients with mild to moderate histological damage if confirmatory biopsy was not undertaken)

It seems that people with minor mucosal lesions in fact develop antibodies, but they do not pass into the blood and remain in the intestinal mucosa:

Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2015 May;41(9):807-20. doi: 10.1111/apt.13155. Epub 2015 Mar 6. Systematic review: noncoeliac gluten sensitivity. Molina-Infante J1, Santolaria S, Sanders DS, Fernández-Bañares F PMID 25753138

This recognition and differentiation becomes difficult in patients with negative coeliac disease serology and histological findings (Marsh 1 lesions or LE) not diagnostic for coeliac disease. In this regard, consensus guidelines from the European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) state that a high count of cd cells (or cd/CD3 ratio) in immunohistochemical assessment of biopsies or the presence of IgA anti-TG2 intestinal deposits might be specific for CD in patients with LE.22 (LE: lymphocytic enteritis)

And also, probably is better to say that the rates of IgA deficiency are 2%:

Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2006 Jul 1;24(1):47-54. Systematic review: the use of serology to exclude or diagnose coeliac disease (a comparison of the endomysial and tissue transglutaminase antibody tests). Lewis NR1, Scott BB. PMID 16803602

Another complicating factor is immunoglobulin (Ig) A deficiency which is found in 2% of coeliacs and 0.2% of the general population. Since the usual serology tests (tTG antibody and EMA) are for IgA antibodies, there will be more false negatives thus slightly reducing the sensitivity.

It is also very important saying that excluding CD is not the end of the diagnosis protocol, because patient may have indeed non-celiac gluten sensitivity, whom diagnosis is made based on exclusion of celiac disease and wheat allergy and evaluating the response to gluten free diet.

Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench. 2011 Summer;4(3):102-8. Subclinical celiac disease and gluten sensitivity. Rostami Nejad M, Hogg-Kollars S, Ishaq S, Rostami K (Review) PMID: 24834166 PMC: 4017418

Villous atrophy is not mandatory any longer to qualify a patient for GFD. In fact a large number of patients present with non-celiac gluten sensitivity with completely normal biopsy and negative serology. They also seem to benefit from a GFD. (GFD: gluten-free diet)

The list of possible extra-gastrointestinal manifestations of untreated CD is immense! It is important to say that there is no single pattern but wide variations between patients and also in the same patient at different times of life, as the waves that come and go, even with completely asymptomatic periods. It is also important to say that gastrointestinal symptoms, when present, are not distinguishable to those of irritable bowel syndrome, and that many patients are diagnosed of IBS by years before diagnosis of CD. Constipation may appear even in very small children, and may be severe.

SIGNS: Pale skin and mucosas. Short stature. Weightloss. Overweight. Dermatitis (such as dermatitis herpetiformis, atopic dermatitis, urticaria, follicular keratosis). Various tissue disease. Aphthous stomatitis. Enamel defects. Peripheral polyneuropathy. Proximal myopathy. Muscular weakness. Generalized bone pain. Polyarthritis localized or diffuse. Maleolares edemas. Tetany crisis. Multiple spontaneous hematoma, etc.

SYMPTOMS: Often asymptomatic. Recurrent upper respiratory processes of immuno-allergic nature (such as rhinitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, otitis, sinusitis, recurrent bronchitis, asthma crisis). Delayed menarche. Menstrual irregularities. Reproductive disorders (sucha as amenorrhea, menorrhagia, early menopause, spontaneous abortions, infertility, impotence, increased neonatal morbidity). Dyspnea middle efforts. Recurrent headaches, migraines. Tetany crisis. Muscle cramps. Fibromyalgia like symptoms. Bone and/or joint pain. History of repeat fractures (for trivial injuries). Paresthesia. Tingling. Hair loss. Brittle nails. Neuropsychiatric symptoms (such as irritability, apathy, introversion, sadness, asthenia, anxiety, depression, restless legs, muscle cramps, sleep disorders -insomnia, hypersomnia-). Fibromyalgia. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Autism, etc.

RISK GROUPS AND RELATED DISEASES:

• Relatives of first and second degree.
• Down's Syndrome.
• Williams syndrome.
• Turner syndrome.
• Autoimmune diseases and other immunopathies, sucha as selective IgA Deficiency, inflammatory bowel disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, IgA nephropathy.
• Endocrine diseases, such as diabetes mellitus type I, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, autoimmune thyroiditis, Addison's disease. :*Neurological and psychiatric disorders, such as cerebellar ataxia, epilepsy with or without cerebral calcifications, polyneuropathy, multiple sclerosis, progressive encephalopathy, cerebellar syndromes, dementia with brain atrophy, leukoencephalopathy, schizophrenia, depression, anxiety.
• Liver diseases, such as primary biliary cirrhosis, autoimmune hepatitis, autoimmune cholangitis, idiopathic chronic hypertransaminasemia.
• Rheumatic diseases, such as Sjögren's syndrome, ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis, other arthritis.
• Heart diseases, such as dilated cardiomyopathy, recurring myocarditis, autoimmune pericarditis.
• Skin diseases, such as dermatitis herpetiformis, psoriasis, vitiligo, alopecia areata.
• Other associations: iron deficiency anemia, osteoporosis/osteopenia, Hartnup's disease, cystinuria, microscopic colitis, cardiomyopathy, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, scleroderma.
• Certain cancers, such as non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, small intestinal adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the pharynx and mouth .
• etc...

Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench. 2011 Summer;4(3):102-8. Subclinical celiac disease and gluten sensitivity. Rostami Nejad M, Hogg-Kollars S, Ishaq S, Rostami K (Review) PMID: 24834166 PMC: 4017418

More and more diseases are proven to be associated with CD. In these conditions, screening is strongly recommended.

In fact, celiac disease is known as the "great imitator":

Duggan JM (May 17, 2004). "Coeliac disease: the great imitator" (PDF). Med J Aust (Review) 180 (10): 524–6. PMID 15139831

Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004 Mar;36(3):96-100. A great imitator for the allergologist: intolerance to gluten. Article in French. Rousset H. PMID 15137480

Finally, in my humble opinion, I think that if the video is intended for the general public, it is better to talk less about the pathophysiology, because it is difficult to understand and of little use. It is more useful to talk about practical aspects on how to recognize the disease and know that most cases are undiagnosed due to a general lack of update on the disease. Unfortunately, most physicians only know the classic disease...

I hope I've helped you!

Best regards. --BallenaBlanca (talk) 11:29, 10 March 2016 (UTC)

Hi BallenaBlanca,

Thanks for your detailed feedback. Here are our proposed changes:

1) We'll state antibodies are high sensitivity only for diagnosis typical (the least common forms) celiac disease, when there is villous atrophy, and show a marked decrease in sensitivity (of the order of 40-50%) in cases with mild villous atrophy or minimal changes (currently, the more common forms of the CD), but this fact is widely unknown.

2) We'll briefly discuss non-celiac gluten sensitivity, specifically that diagnosis is made based on exclusion of celiac disease and wheat allergy and evaluating the response to gluten free diet

3) We'll state the rates of IgA deficiency is 2%.

4) We'll state there is no single pattern of symptoms but wide variations between patients and also in the same patient at different times of life, as the waves that come and go, even with completely asymptomatic periods.

5) We'll state gastrointestinal symptoms, when present, are not distinguishable to those of irritable bowel syndrome, and that many patients can be diagnosed of IBS by years before diagnosis of CD.

6) We'll state most patients (in particular over the age of 2 years) have minor mucosal lesions without atrophy of the intestinal villi. In some cases, celiac disease destroys the villi causing the villi to flatten out.

Let me know if you feel those changes are sufficient. The target audience of our videos is for medical students, and the videos are to serve as supplementary materials rather than comprehensive references. That's why we choose to highlight specific content. I'd also like to invite you to our WikiProject Medicine page where we post scripts to our upcoming videos. We greatly appreciate your input, especially if you can help us address issues like this before we create the video. OsmoseIt (talk) 23:47, 14 March 2016 (UTC)

Hi, OsmoseIt

1) In my opinion, these other rates have more accuracy: GUÍA DE PRÁCTICA CLÍNICA SOBRE DIAGNÓSTICO Y TRATAMIENTO DE LA ENFERMEDAD CELÍACA The transglutaminase antibody is positive in only 7.69%, 33.33% and 55.55% of lesions in Marsh stage I, II and IIIa respectively, whereas positivity amounts to 83.87% and 95.83% Marsh lesions IIIb and IIIc respectively.

4) And may develop associated diseases (see list above).

5) In a little proportion of cases, specially in children younger than 2 years, may be a classical presentation of CD with diarrea and malabsortion. However, in these very young children also presents frequently with non-classical symptoms. For example, some babies present a marked constipation.

It is important to state that the majority of cases (about 85%) remain unrecognized and undiagnosed, and exposed to the risk of serious long-term complications, such as lymphomas and greater mortality. Untreated celiac disease may affect any organ of the body.

Finally, saying that gluten-free diet improves symptoms and related conditions, and prevents complications.

Best regards. --BallenaBlanca (talk) 13:10, 16 March 2016 (UTC)

Thanks BallenaBlanca. We'll implement your feedback in our next revision of the video. OsmoseIt (talk) 16:56, 16 March 2016 (UTC)

Hi BallenaBlanca. I just reviewed your suggestions with the rest of my team. We are trying to keep our videos short and concise, so we won't be able to expand the scope of the video. We will however address the scientific errors you mentioned. Thanks! OsmoseIt (talk) 20:29, 21 March 2016 (UTC)

Hi, OsmoseIt. Thanks to you! I am sure that your video will be fine!

A last simple idea. It is very ilustrative that CD is called "the great imitator", "the disease with multiple faces" and is compared with a chameleon. The multiple different complications hide and make it more difficult to diagnose.

Best regards. --BallenaBlanca (talk) 22:31, 21 March 2016 (UTC)

outdent

I apologize for being so insistent, but the new version of the video has still significant errors. I didn't see this new version to review on Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine/Osmosis.

Issues that should be corrected:

1. This is a disease with a worldwide prevalence (1-2%), not only affects people in USA.
2. The video states that CD is known "for ~70 years" but it is known since 2nd centuries AD: "the first clear account of what might have been CD was by the physician Aretaeus of the 1st and 2nd centuries AD, with his reference to undigested food, loose stools and ‘… a coeliac disease of chronic nature …’. Further descriptions, which may have been of CD followed, by the Dutch physician Vincent Ketelaer, William Hillary of Yorkshire, England, and others. The origin of the modern history of CD is ascribed to Samuel Gee in a lecture in 1887 followed by his written account in the Saint Bartholomew’s Hospital Reports in 1888. He termed the condition ‘the coeliac affection’ after the translation by Francis Adams, in 1856, of the description by Aretaeus."
3. The video states that non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) is a "recent illness, with little scientific evidence" and is also false. It is known since more than 30 years, and there are more and more scientific evidences. It was originally described in the 1980s. Since 2010, NCGS has been included in the spectrum of gluten-related disorders. The definition and diagnostic criteria of non-celiac gluten sensitivity was debated and established by three consensus conferences and "there is also undisputable and increasing evidence for NCGS" The pathogenesis of NCGS is not yet well understood, but there is evidence that not only gliadin (main cytotoxic antigen of gluten), but also other proteins present in gluten and gluten-containing cereals (wheat, rye, barley, and their derivatives) may have a role in the development of symptoms. Controversies about NCGS derivate for this reason an it has been suggested that "non-celiac wheat sensitivity" is a more appropriate term, without forgetting that other gluten-containing cereals are implicated in the development of symptoms.
4. The video talks only about gastrointestinal symptoms of non-celiac gluten sensitivity, but people may present gastrointestinal and / or extra-intestinal sympotms. Extra-intestinal symptoms can be the only manifestation of NCGS even in absence of gastrointestinal symptoms, and include headache or migraine, "foggy mind", fatigue, fibromyalgia, joint and muscle pain, leg or arm numbness, tingling of the extremities, dermatitis (eczema or skin rash), allergies, atopic disorders, depression, anxiety, anemia, iron-deficiency anemia, folate deficiency, asthma, rhinitis, eating disorders or autoimmune diseases. Many people present other serious extra-intestinal manifestations, such as neuropsychiatric disorders (ataxia, schizophrenia, autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder). peripheral neuropathy, Extra-intestinal symptoms can be the only manifestation of NCGS even in absence of gastrointestinal symptoms
5. Pathogenesis is quite good (is the best part of the video) but the introduction of transferrin receptor I do not think it should be related to the passage of gluten through the epithelium. The description of the inflammatory process is well and antibodies and genetic markers can be passed.
6. The video states that "immune system attacks small intestine". Is true, but incomplet. Upon exposure to gluten, an abnormal immune response may lead to the production of several different autoantibodies that can affect any organ or tissue of the body. In the small-bowel this causes an inflammatory reaction and may produce, only in some cases, shortening of the villi lining the small intestine (villous atrophy).
7. And again, the CD extra-intestinal symptoms are not mentioned. It is the most important issue and the most it has evolved in CD knowledge. The video focuses on the CD as a single digestive disease. Also, focuses on diarrhea, but constipation may be as common as diarrhea. Chronic diarrhea is present in a minority of patients. Diarrhea is more common in very young children (younger than 2 years) but it is not the only possibility, nor growth failure nor obvious abdominal distension are always present. In children, even young children, the main gastrointetinal symptom may be constipation. Currently is known that CD digestive symptoms are often mild or even absent and extra-intestinal manifestations predominate, both in children and adults.

Best regards. --BallenaBlanca (talk) 11:07, 31 March 2016 (UTC)

1. Just because the video states the prevalence in the USA does not make it wrong. That is not an error even though global number would be better. Or simple mentioning both globally and in the United States.
2. The key is "what might have been CD". That does not make it "known" just that someone look back in time and found that something similar was described. They stated the cause was maybe drinking cold water.
3. 30 years is a recent illness
4. This article is about coeliac disease NOT NCGS. Non-celiac gluten sensitivity has its own article and this video is not there.
5. The goal of the video is to be a brief overview. Not everything MUST be in the video before it can occur on this page
6. Yes some of the CD extra intestinal symptoms are discussed. Dermatitis herpetiformis is mention as well as "a whole bunch of other symptoms" Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 11:40, 31 March 2016 (UTC)

Agree this is useful content explaining well the basics of coeliac disease. Some of us could talk for many hours on the intricacies of the disorder. Yes we might have said things a little differently but this represents a good, succinct approach overall. Jrfw51 (talk) 12:04, 31 March 2016 (UTC)

1. I agree. I said that the video contains significant errors and then said that there are some issues that should be improved. This is not an error, but an issue that should be improved to avoid confusions for lay readers. It is very easy to improve adding the worldwide prevalence.
2. I disagree. If we could only talk about diseases from the time when its exact cause and its cure are known...! Even if we ignore the first descriptions of CD, the origin of the modern history of CD is ascribed to Samuel Gee in 1887 (about 130 years ago): in a notably precise and complete description, Gee refers to the appearance of the stools, the onset of the condition, the muscular weakness, the abdominal distension and the chronic course of the disease; and he adds ‘… if the patient can be cured at all it must be by means of diet’. ~70 years ago (1950) Wim Dicke (The Juliana Children’s Hospital) showed that exclusion of wheat, rye and oats from the diet led to dramatic improvement in the general condition of the child and marked reduction in the fatty diarrhoea.
3. "30 years is a recent illness" ...for Medicine, but general readers are not doctors and do not interpret the same. To avoid confusion, it is better talking accurately and saying that it was originally described in the 1980s.
4. "This article is about coeliac disease NOT NCGS". Yes,but that does not justify include misinformation. Saying "gastrointestinal and extraintestinal symptoms" is equal brief as "gastrointestinal symptoms". As simply as adding two words, it takes one second to say. Two words that make a very important difference. And above all, to match current knowledge. The aim is to inform, not to misinform. For misinform, there are already hundreds of websites, blogs, magazines...
5. This is the least important point.
6. You have skipped this point and this is the more important issue: upon exposure to gluten, an abnormal immune response may lead to the production of several different autoantibodies that can affect any organ or tissue of the body.
7. "Dermatitis herpetiformis is mention" Dermatitis herpetiformis is only one among dozens of extra-intestinal manifestations and is one of the least important. "whole bunch of other symptoms" This does not allow understand that the various symptoms can be extraintestinal symptoms, especially if we consider that video only states that CD affects the intestine, and symptoms such as chronic diarrhea, bloating... Improving it is as easy as saying "whole bunch of other gastrointestinal and/or extra-intestinal symptoms, and even may be asymptomatic". It takes 2 seconds to expand. In addition, the video is included in the section on signs and symptoms, which is the least accurate and extensive information of the video...

OsmoseIt, as you are the author of the video and it is sure that you want to make a quality video and adjusted to current knowledge (not knowledge of the past century), I'll make you some very concrete and simple proposals to improve the video:

• Prevalence: mentioning both globally and in the United States.
• CD is known since 2nd centuries AD and described by Medicine about 130 years ago.
• NCGS: replacing "little scientific evidence" by "growing scientific evidence" and adding "extraintestinal symptoms" (I have documented and referenced it, to avoid doubts; this was the reason to write in detail all of possible symptoms on my previous message).
• ~ second 38: Immune system attacks small intestine. Adding: and "may attack any organ of the body". 7 words, it takes 2 seconds to say and is easy to write.
• Symptoms:

Classical presentation: mainly children<2 years

Abdominal distension

Failure to thrive

Diarrhea

Non-classical presentation: children>2 years and adults

Mild or absent gastrointestinal symptoms

Wide number of extra-intestinal symptoms

Associated diseases

Even asymptomatic

IMO, the video should be removed until it is improved and we came a consensus. This is the common practice in these situations. I repeat that to offer poor quality and outdated information, there are already hundreds of websites, blogs, magazines...

Best regards. --BallenaBlanca (talk) 10:11, 1 April 2016 (UTC)

Hi BallenaBlanca. My team and I looked over each of the points you previously made, which you've reiterated here, and discussed at length whether they fit into our two criteria for redoing a video: there is a scientific inaccuracy or there is a omission of a major concept. We fixed the error you pointed out: that the most common forms of celiac disease have mild villous atrophy and antibody sensitivity is moderate. Some less common forms of celiac disease (where there is a lot of villous atrophy) have very high sensitivity.

We feel your other suggestions are an expansion of the scope of the video, beyond what we want to cover for our target audience. Perhaps down the road if there is a significant demand we can make a second video launching into the detailed intricacies of the disease.

To give some perspective, making edits to these videos does not take 2 seconds. The edit we made on your suggestion took a couple of hours of work. This is why we as creators have to be so strict on distinguishing between scientific errors, major omissions, and expansion of content scope.

Thanks so much for your feedback though. We very much do appreciate it! OsmoseIt (talk) 16:05, 1 April 2016 (UTC)

Hi, OsmoseIt. First, I want to thank you for all your effort! I apologize again for not having seen the video content to avoid you unnecessary work. You're doing a good job and have solved some of the mistakes, of course!

You said “The target audience of our videos is for medical students, and the videos are to serve as supplementary materials rather than comprehensive references.” and now, you say “We feel your other suggestions are an expansion of the scope of the video, beyond what we want to cover for our target audience”. Well, I do not doubt that this is the opinion of your team... but the video is included in the Wikipedia; therefore has to be directed to the general public. Also, for including it on Wikipedia, we don’t have to take only into account the opinion of your team. Moreover, in the case that the public are "medical students as a supplementary material”, is more serious including certain inaccuracies / scientific errors. Specialists in the field have spent years working to update the knowledge of the disease, but there is still much work to do. “It is important to note that poor awareness of CD among health professionals tends to self-perpetuate for several reasons”. It should not be allowed losing on what has been achieved, it's too important!

When I talked about the few seconds it takes to update the concepts, I meant that doesn't affect the duration of the video. I know that the work of video editing takes a long time, but this is not a justification for not doing. It also takes a long, long time to me documenting and preparing the information for the page, not only for the article also for the conversations on this talk page. CD page has thousands of daily visitors and is a featured article, with rigorous criteria to include information on the article, which apply to all of us.

About the issues that may be corrected:

1. Prevalence: It can remain as is (although this is the English-speaking Wikipedia, not the North American Wikipedia...).

2. CD is known "for ~70 years": This can remain as is (although it is a scientific inaccuracy).

3 & 4. Non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS): I can accept that remains "little scientific evidence" (although the reality is there are growing scientific evidences). Nevertheless, we cannot talk about only gastrointestinal symptoms of NCGS. If we mention NCGS, we must talk properly. Otherwise, mention must be removed at all. It is better to say nothing than misinform. EDITED: I propose replacing this: "Well, within the last few years there’ve been proposals of non-celiac gluten-related disorders, like gluten sensitivity, where gluten is thought to cause GI symptoms that seemingly improve when gluten’s taken out of the equation. Unfortunately, as of this moment in February 2016, there’s very little solid scientific evidence to back a removal of gluten from the diet unless you have celiac disease, although some people do seem to have improved GI symptoms on a gluten-free diet, whether that’s from removing gluten specifically, or a more broadly, an adherence to a diet that’s typically much lower in processed foods and carbohydrates, remains to be seen!" with this other (which represent the current scientific knowledge and position about NCGS): "Since 2010, non-celiac gluten sensitivity has been included in the spectrum of gluten-related disorders. Unfortunately, as of this moment in February 2016, the pathogenesis of NCGS is not yet well understood. Some people without celiac disease nor wheat allergy do improve gastrointestinal symptoms and associated extra-intestinal manifestations on a gluten-free diet, whether that’s from removing gluten specifically or other proteins present in gluten-containing cereals, remains to be seen!"

5. Transferrin receptor: This can remain.

6 & 7. As I said, it should not be allowed losing on what has been achieved, it's too important. The systemic nature of CD, which can affect any organ or tissue of the body, is the most important thing that has to be mentioned, to banish once and for all the idea of a single digestive disease. It should be modified:

• ~ second 38: Immune system attacks small intestine. Adding: and "may attack any organ of the body".
• And reform symptoms:

Classical presentation: mainly children<2 years

Abdominal distension

Failure to thrive

Diarrhea

Non-classical presentation: children>2 years and adults

Mild or absent gastrointestinal symptoms

Wide number of extra-intestinal symptoms

Associated diseases

EDITED: Even asymptomatic

Anyway, I agree keeping the video until it is improved, but it should be moved to the most appropriate section, which is not that of signs and symptoms (there is only a brief and outdated mention) but Pathophysiology, which is the topic on that focuses.

I think a great idea your proposing of another video with symptoms. I am preparing an update of signs and symptoms section (this is a job that requires a lot of time, I do not know how much I take to complete). It will serve you as an updated documentation for a new video.

Thank you very much again for your effort, work and kindness!

Best regards.--BallenaBlanca (talk) 12:08, 2 April 2016 (UTC)

References

Update

Linking with the previous conversation, I think that is the time to update the page, beginning with the introduction, which must reflect a brief summary of the current knowledge and issues of coeliac disease.

I propose this text, whith updates that are already on other pages and have been revised (Gluten-related disorders#Coeliac disease and Gluten#Coeliac disease):

Coeliac disease - Introduction

Best regards. --BallenaBlanca (talk) 20:09, 9 March 2016 (UTC)

Leads should be 4 paragraphs generally. And we should try to use easier to understand language. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 20:22, 9 March 2016 (UTC)

Simplified it some. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 20:30, 9 March 2016 (UTC)

Thanks, Doc James, I really appreciate your help!

I completed treatment, added some sources and an important clarification. Do you agree with this version? [1]

Best regards. --BallenaBlanca (talk) 21:33, 10 March 2016 (UTC)

Sorry to butt in, but I have tried to improve the comprehensibility of the lede. BallenaBlanca's source seems perfectly good, but it is written in long complicated sentences. Apart from any copyright issues, we do need to write in simple language wherever possible. I hope that this edit is useful. Richard Keatinge (talk) 11:34, 16 March 2016 (UTC)

Thank you for your help and kindness, Richard Keatinge I'll keep that in mind. Best regards. --BallenaBlanca (talk) 12:22, 16 March 2016 (UTC)

Well, there are no more comments. I will edit the lead. Also, I will calmly continue updating the other sections. Best regards. --BallenaBlanca (talk) 13:25, 17 March 2016 (UTC)

Have worked on it a little further to simplify and organized the lead such that it follows the layout of the body of the article. Best Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 00:32, 18 March 2016 (UTC)

Very thanks, Doc James. You made a good work simplifying. Nevertheless, there are some ambiguities to improve.

It is very important to properly reflect that "contrary to the past when it was thought that celiac disease was a disorder predominantly affecting childhood and characterized by a malabsorption syndrome, nowadays it is well recognized that it affects also adult and elderly people with an impressive variability of clinical presentation." Another widespread misconception is that there is always atrophy of intestinal villi. Now, reading the text, I see that these issues are no clear.

I will do edits to clarify.

Thank you very much again for your help. It's a good way to work together!

Best regards. --BallenaBlanca (talk) 10:47, 18 March 2016 (UTC)

I have never heard the rumor that this only affects kids. I had always heard it was life long and affected people of all ages.

We mention that there may be minor histological changes and negative serology. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 00:40, 19 March 2016 (UTC)

References

Ah found the ref which say "In fact, contrary to the past when it was thought that celiac disease was a disorder predominantly affecting childhood and characterized by a malabsorption syndrome"

So adjusted it to "In the past it was considered a digestive disease of mostly child"

Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 01:21, 19 March 2016 (UTC)

"I have never heard the rumor that this only affects kids." Then you are very young! "I had always heard it was life long and affected people of all ages." If begins in childhood and is life long, it is clear that "affects all ages". The key point of the question is "when is developed". For a few years it is known that can appear at any age.

The sentence is okay. Nevertheless, is better to move it to understand why it talks about "classic symptoms" and "non-classic symptoms" (the reason is the change in understanding celiac disease).

You're right, it was repeated "it may affects any organ of the body". To avoid this duplication, is a good solution stating that it is a systemic disease, with wikilink, which is also explained below.

Best regards. --BallenaBlanca (talk) 03:14, 19 March 2016 (UTC)

I will adjust "Non-classic symptoms are the most common, especially in older children and adults":

• PMID 22197856: European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition guidelines for the diagnosis of coeliac disease. 2012 "Several classifications of CD have been used, most important with distinctions drawn among classical, atypical, asymptomatic, latent, and potential CD. Because atypical symptoms may be considerably more common than classic symptoms, the ESPGHAN working group decided to use the following nomenclature: gastrointestinal symptoms and signs (eg, chronic diarrhea) and extraintestinal symptoms and signs (eg, anaemia, neuropathy, decreased bone density, increased risk of fractures)."
• PMID 24834166: "Atypical presentation is the most common form of celiac disease (CD)."

NOTE: Atypical = non-classical. There is a good explanation on this source: The Oslo definitions for coeliac disease and related terms. PMID 22345659

Best regards. --BallenaBlanca (talk) 04:11, 19 March 2016 (UTC)

I hope we can continue to keep this reasonably simple, with appropriate secondary sources in high impact journals including multiple international expert consensus statements PMID 22345659 and recent high quality guidelines PMID 26333593 . Please be careful when picking which of the 900+ Pubmed reviews to include. Recent edits have duplicated other reviews and have not necessarily added anything new. Is there any support for branching out and creating new related articles? Jrfw51 (talk) 14:16, 18 March 2016 (UTC)

Doc James, I agree with you. I hope we can keep this reasonably simple... but without losing clarity. There is no disease comparable to celiac disease, due to the amount of complications it produces that affect any organ or tissue of the body, with a so complicated diagnosis in the majority of the patients and with rates of underdiagnosis so alarmingly high. However, there is very little knowledge among physicians and the general population.

"Is there any support for branching out and creating new related articles?" Not for the moment. I think the first thing is to update existing information and then we'll see.

On this edition, you removed "and many people may have minor mucosal lesions, without atrophy of the intestinal villi." because "(do not see were it says may)" and removed the references that supported the text: PMID 24834166 PMC 4017418 and PMID 24834157 PMC 4017406. These two sources state Marsh scale that classifies histological findings compatible with the EC, which is a fact reflected currently in diagnostic protocols:

• minor mucosal lesions: Marsh I (intestinal-intraepithelial lymphocyte or IEL) and Marsh II (lymphocyte infiltration and crypt hyperplasia)
• macroscopic enteritis with villous atrophy: Marsh IIIa (partial villous atrophy), Marsh IIIb (subtotal villous atrophy) and Marsh IIIb (total atrophy)

That is to say that when a person presents Marsh I or II (that are lesions compatible with CD) implies that has not villous atrophy. It is important to clarify this for the public that reads us, it is a fact widely ignored. Traditional and desfasdas ideas remain in most minds: celiac = atrophy of intestinal villi. Nevertheless, currently is the less common form of the disease. We could use any other reference, such as those you mentioned above (PMID 22345659 or PMID 26333593), but to avoid future confusion, I will use another more literal reference, already present (this quotation was also already present): 2015 source published on Aliment Pharmacol Ther, which have an impact factor of 5.727, ranked 9/76

Furthermore, seronegativity is more common in coeliac disease patients without villous atrophy (Marsh 1-2 lesions), but these ‘minor’ forms of coeliac disease may have similar clinical manifestations to those with villous atrophy16–18 and may show similar clinical–histological remission with reversal of haematological or biochemical disturbances on a gluten-free diet (GFD).

Best regards. --BallenaBlanca (talk) 19:48, 18 March 2016 (UTC)

We want to write the lead so it is more or less understandable by someone in grade 8. The body can get more complicated. I would disagree with the statement that "in most minds celiac = atrophy of villi"

Change it from "without atrophy of the intestinal villi" to "normal villi" as atrophy is a complicated word and we link to villa to make it easier. I felt that "minor mucosal lesions" was enough to mean that no villi atrophy was present.

We state that some tests maybe normal, that 85% of cases in the developing world are not diagnosed, and that "People may have severe symptoms and be investigations for years before a diagnosis is achieved"

This "It is often very difficult so that most cases are diagnosed with great delay." is basically saying that again so I have moved it to the body to reduce duplication in the lead. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 01:21, 19 March 2016 (UTC)

Wording

"Systemic disease" is technical terminology, this means "may involve any organ in the body". We do not need to say both in the first paragraph and we already say the latter.

We also already state that it can involved young children, older children, and adults in the first paragraph. Why do we need to say it as "however, it may develop at any age" in the first paragraph aswell? The first paragraph should not repeat the same thing with different wording. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 04:09, 19 March 2016 (UTC)

Let me think about it, please. Now I have not more time. We will continue talking. Thanks. Best regards. --BallenaBlanca (talk) 04:17, 19 March 2016 (UTC)

Also IMO adolescents are simply older children and the latter is simpler so not sure we need both. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 04:20, 19 March 2016 (UTC)

Well, well... You have mentioned a very important issue! If saying "older children" makes people to understand "adolescents", then we must to clarify. "Older children" in this context must be "children older than 2-3 years"

Best regards. --BallenaBlanca (talk) 10:55, 19 March 2016 (UTC)

See my comment at User talk:BallenaBlanca. Jrfw51 (talk) 12:19, 19 March 2016 (UTC)

Do we need to have 4 references for a single point in the lead? Typically we just have the one or two best sources? Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 02:48, 20 March 2016 (UTC)

• "duodenal lymphocytosis" is a complicated entity that IMO does not need to be discussed in the lead and therefore I have moved it to the body of the text. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 03:04, 20 March 2016 (UTC)

I agree. I think that is okay moving detailed text to Pathology section and let on the lead a brief explanation. Only one detail. I miss "may be only minor mucosal lesions", or better to understand it, "may be only minor intestinal lesions". --BallenaBlanca (talk) 09:10, 20 March 2016 (UTC)

Yes minor intestinal changes is better IMO. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 17:28, 20 March 2016 (UTC)

Oats

"Oats may be a problem in some people with coeliac but moderate quantities are often okay. This may be depend on the type consumed, or cross contamination with other gluten-containing grains."

• The first ref says "Studies have demonstrated that when consumed in moderation, oats free from cross-contamination are well tolerated by most children [44,45]. Under the nutritional point of view, oats represent a good source of iron, dietary fiber, thiamin and zinc and, in addition, have a good palatability [46]. A study conducted by Størsund et al. in CD children suggests that oats may improve the nutritional value of GFD and, in view of the good palatability, may also help increase compliance [47]. Recently, Lee et al. demonstrated that adding three servings of gluten-free alternative grains, including oats, positively impacts the nutrient profile (fiber, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folate and iron) of the grain portion of the gluten-free diet [48]."

• The second ref says "Inclusion of oats in a gluten-free diet might be valuable due to their nutritional and health benefits, and several countries currently permit oats to be included as an ingredient in such diets. However, it is extremely important to remember that in vitro studies have shown that the immunogenicity of oats varies depending on the cultivar used."

Based on this text I think we can say "moderate quantities are often okay". What are other peoples thoughts? Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 02:56, 20 March 2016 (UTC)

It is an important issue and because of the severe complications that untreated CD (or incorrectly treated, it is the same thing) can develop, I think that we must be very cautious. "are well tolerated by most children" means that some children can't tolerate it. These people can't consume it, even in small amounts. There is a lot of confusion. It is not enough tolerating it "symptomatically", nor if serology is "normal", nor if "there is not villous atrophy". If there are "only" intraepithelial lymphocytes, it means that disease is active. It is not known the long-term effects of a diet containing oats. Actually, 10–30% of patients with celiac disease are non-responders and have persistent symptoms despite being on a gluten-free diet. Non-responsive celiac disease is largely caused by inadvertent exposure to gluten that accounts for 35–50% of persistent symptoms in patients with celiac disease. Consumption of toxic oats (although it is free of contamination) may play an important role. We need to stay it well specified.

Take a look at this paper:

PMID 17068278 2006 Coeliac disease and oats: a systematic review.

A systematic review of the literature related to the inclusion of oats in the gluten-free diet for patients with coeliac disease to assess whether oats can be recommended. A computerised literature review of multiple databases was carried out, identifying 17 primary studies, 6 of which met the criteria for inclusion in this review. None of the six studies found any significant difference in the serology between the oats and control groups. Two studies, however, identified a significant difference (p<0.001; p = 0.039) in intraepithelial lymphocyte counts between the oats and control groups. Oats can be symptomatically tolerated by most patients with coeliac disease; however, the long-term effects of a diet containing oats remain unknown. Patients with coeliac disease wishing to consume a diet containing oats should therefore receive regular follow-up, including small bowel biopsy at a specialist clinic for life.

I will edit to do a little correction that improves understanding, but I let on your hands completing it.

Best regards. --BallenaBlanca (talk) 08:29, 20 March 2016 (UTC)

We also need to be careful about not excluding too much food or some people may not get enough nutrients. YEs agree that oats are controversial.

The two reviews I used above are newer than 2006. 2006 is getting a little old. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 17:22, 20 March 2016 (UTC)

I agree with the current text.

Just a comment. The priority for people with CD is avoiding diet transgressions, the complications may be so severe and cannot be compared. The general recommendation we give to patients to correctly do GFD is: "If in doubt, do not consume it". Oat is not essential and is easily replaced, as in the case of wheat, barley and rye. The grains of pseudocereals, which are gluten free, (such as quinoa, amaranth and buckwheat) and other minor cereals, are rich in proteins with higher biological value.

Best regards. --BallenaBlanca (talk) 19:30, 20 March 2016 (UTC)

I am thinking that for those in the developing world who have lack of variety of food than "If in doubt, do not consume it" might not be appropriate. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 20:31, 20 March 2016 (UTC)

References

Death

We state "If untreated it may result in cancers such as intestinal lymphoma and a slight increased risk of early death."

The may applies to both cancers and the slight increased risk of early death. Therefore not sure "possibly" is needed.

And the source is more definitive saying "they have a 1.4-fold increased risk of death"[2]

Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 03:30, 20 March 2016 (UTC

The source is more nuanced in the actual text rather than this bold statement in the Introduction. We have lots of "mays" and "possibly" is a bit different! Jrfw51 (talk) 18:32, 20 March 2016 (UTC)

We are only specifically saying that without treatment it increases the risk of death, I do not think that needs a "possibly". I agree the possibly would apply for those with proper treatment Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 19:19, 20 March 2016 (UTC)

I agree with Doc James. IMO the currently text is okay. Best regards. --BallenaBlanca (talk) 19:37, 20 March 2016 (UTC)

Old and modern ideas: a very important issue

I apologies for being persistent, but it is necessary to state clearly the issue about "old and modern ideas" about coeliac disease. This is certainly the most, most important thing we must let clear to our readers. It is the starting point to understand coeliac disease. And now, I believe that there are confusions.

Classic symptoms include gastrointestinal problems such as chronic diarrhoea, abdominal distention, malabsorption, loss of appetite, and among children failure to grow normally. This often begins between six months and two years of age.[2] Non-classic symptoms are the most common, especially in children older than two years and adults.[3][4][5] There may be mild or absent gastrointestinal symptoms, a wide number of symptoms that may involve any organ of the body, or no obvious symptoms.[6][2]

In my experience talking with patients, it is not easy to understand. People who read it may understand (and in fact often understand) that is a "evolution" of disease symptoms and that disease always develop between six months and two years. As I stated on other comments, in most minds remain old, and difficult to remove, ideas (children disease with malabsorption and villous atrophy). Unfortunately, this covers general population and also a large majority of physicians.

Classic symptoms? Non-classic symptoms? What are these? If there is not a previous explanation, it is not correctly understood. So I think that is essential an explanation with this brief sentence: In the past it was considered a digestive disease of childhood; however, it is a systemic disease which may develop at any age. Saying systemic disease and after "a wide number of symptoms that may involve any organ of the body", in my opinion, is not a duplication but an explanation for lego readers. Wikipedia policies state that is important understanding information without the need to navigate to other pages. I think that in this case is a perfect form to make easy to understand it.

So I will edit again. I hope you'll agree.

Best regards. --BallenaBlanca (talk) 10:06, 20 March 2016 (UTC)

"Old and new" are relative terms and I do not agree this is the most important thing to state. Yes coeliac disease is usually undiagnosed and can present at any age and this needs to be clear. Samuel Gee in the 1880 did describe it in children. But Adult coeliac disease has been known for decades with multiple publications from the start of Pubmed. And the Systemic nature is also difficult: anaemia produces all sorts of systemic features but as a complication of haematinic malabsorption. Skin (DH), cerebellar gluten ataxia and other gluten sensitvity are only debatably coeliac disease. I'll make a few changes. Jrfw51 (talk) 10:49, 20 March 2016 (UTC)

Yes, it is true that since years it is published that it affects adults, this aspect is generally known today, but is also true that it was not easy that knowledge of these ideas became widespread. Perhaps I have not explained well, the most important is the advancement of knowledge of the clinical picture and diagnosis. And about systemic nature of coeliac disease, there seems no doubt now. Most pubications and guideliness state that CD is a systemic disease, for example:

ESPGHAN Gastroenterology Committee; European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (Jan 2012). "European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition guidelines for the diagnosis of coeliac disease" (PDF). J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr (Practice Guideline) 54 (1): 136–60. doi:10.1097/MPG.0b013e31821a23d0. PMID 22197856

INTRODUCTION AND STRUCTURE. ESPGHAN guidelines for the diagnosis of CD were last published in 1990 (1) and at that time represented a significant improvement in both the diagnosis and management of CD. Since 1990, the understanding of the pathological processes of CD has increased enormously, leading to a change in the clinical paradigm of CD from a chronic, gluten-dependent enteropathy of childhood to a systemic disease with chronic immune features affecting different organ systems. Although CD may occur at any age (2), these guidelines focus on childhood and adolescence.

One interesant paper about autoimmunity in CD:

Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015 Sep;12(9):507-15. doi: 10.1038/nrgastro.2015.136. Epub 2015 Aug 25. Coeliac disease and autoimmune disease-genetic overlap and screening. Lundin KE, Wijmenga C2. PMID 26303674

Associated autoimmune diseases. The abnormal immunological response elicited by gluten-derived proteins can lead to the production of several different autoantibodies, which affect different systems. The most prominent autoantibodies target members of the TG family, notably IgA-class antibodies against TG2 in coeliac disease,29 TG2 and TG3 in dermatitis herpetiformis and TG6 in gluten ataxia.29–31 The levels of these antibodies are influenced by the gluten intake of patients with coeliac disease.32,33 Antibodies against coagulation factor XIII, another member of the TG family, have also been described.34 Whether this finding implicates an underlying autoimmune aspect of bleeding disorders is unclear. Antibodies to a range of other autoantigens have been reported, particularly actin, calreticulin, gangliosides, collagens, synapsin, zonulin, cardiolipin, ATP synthase subunit β and enolase.35 Interestingly, autoantibodies typically seen in general autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematous are rarely seen in coeliac disease.35 A number of organ-specific autoimmune disorders and conditions are influenced by and associated with coeliac disease (Figure 1), but only a selection is discussed in this Review.3,36,37 Moreover, accurate, unbiased population-based data on disease prevalence are generally lacking and the published results are mainly derived from studies performed on patients who have been referred to secondary or tertiary care.

Best regards. --BallenaBlanca (talk) 11:44, 20 March 2016 (UTC)

This is simply English "a wide number of symptoms that may involve any organ of the body". Stating it is a "systemic disease" is basically stating the same thing in more complicated language that most people will not understand. IMO that belongs in the body of the text. We state what the classic symptoms are right after we use the term. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 17:36, 20 March 2016 (UTC)

Thanks for making it simple -- too easy to go into medical jargon! Jrfw51 (talk) 17:40, 20 March 2016 (UTC)

I have linked "symptoms that may involve any organ of the body" to systemic disease of which it is basically the definition. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 17:42, 20 March 2016 (UTC)

I agree with the current text, with a brief sentence about age of presentation after symptoms description. The link to systemic disease is an excellent idea.

I don't agree with mentioning anaemia as frequently found on this first paragraph, or not with only mentioning anaemia. Why? Anaemia is common, but is "only" present in about 15% of adults and in about 3% of children younger than 18 years. Perhaps you'd be surprised for the number of doctors that rule out coeliac disease in the absence of anaemia, and so they don't make any other evaluation nor derive patient to specialist (so people have severe symptoms and are investigated for many years before a CD diagnosis is achieved...) And because if we mention anaemia, we must mention the other most common extraintestinal manifestations to balance the information, which include reduced bone density, arthritis, peripheral neuropathy, short stature and hepatitis, among others. But after, we say that the symptoms may affect any part of the body, so IMO is best to let it into Signs and symptoms section. I find interesting to take a look at the causes of these common manifestations:

	Pathophysiology
Anaemia	Nutritional deficiencies: iron most frequently followed by folate and vitamin B12. Chronic inflammation
Reduced bone density	Nutritional, inflammatory, autoimmune
Arthritis	Inflammatory and/or autoinmune
Peripheral neuropathy	Autoimmune, inflammatory
Short stature	Nutritional, hormonal, Inflammatory
Hepatitis	Inflammatory, autoimmune

I will remove anaemia of the lead. I hope you agree.

Best regards. --BallenaBlanca (talk) 21:10, 20 March 2016 (UTC)

Yes do not need a mention of anemia in the lead Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 21:16, 20 March 2016 (UTC)

I disagree. This is one of the commonest presenting features leading to diagnosis in adult patients. In the reference you give below, it is described as "...the second most frequent mode of presentation in adults..." and although you correctly quote the figure of 15% here, this is rather a low estimate taken from two papers, and in the subsequent section, they review papers with figures of 20% and 25%. More recent series give figures of 30% PMID 26452305, 32% PMID 24084055, 48% PMID 20670066 for instance. Pediatric GI experts might care to review this paper showing differences in anemia presentation in children and adults PMID 21619387. Failure to correctly investigate anemia in adults seems to be a major reason for diagnostic delay PMID 24892255. Anemia as a feature of the disease is much more important to include in the lead, especially when compared to the rare associations with autoimmune phenomena such as thyroiditis (8%) or complications like lymphoma! While making the point that there are many undiagnosed celiacs (which I am happy to include), we must not miss out on the mainstream features. Jrfw51 (talk) 15:28, 21 March 2016 (UTC)

Excellent point. And what was the most common presentation? Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 17:51, 21 March 2016 (UTC)

"In adults, the most common symptom upon presentation is diarrhoea, which develops in ~40% of patients, although some of these patients can have anaemia as well." Jrfw51 (talk) 19:03, 21 March 2016 (UTC)

It is a good paper, but in this issue is not right. It all depends on the patient selection criteria. And unfortunately, most studies are still choosing only, or mostly, patients with villous atrophy, who may more frequently present diarrhea. This paper states this issue:

Lewis NR, Scott BB (Jul 1, 2006). "Systematic review: the use of serology to exclude or diagnose coeliac disease (a comparison of the endomysial and tissue transglutaminase antibody tests)". Aliment Pharmacol Ther (Review) 24 (1): 47–54. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.02967.x. PMID 16803602.

Thirty-four studies fulfilled our criteria and the details are shown in Table 1. The histological criterion for diagnosing coeliac disease was partial or more severe villous atrophy in the majority. In four, total villous atrophy was required, 10, 24, 29, 38 and in two 9, 17 an abnormality ranging from an increase in intraepithelial lymphocytes alone to total villous atrophy was allowed. Two studies 32, 35 were vague simply saying that the diagnosis was histologically proven and therefore some degree of villous atrophy was assumed.

These are the old ideas about CD, still thinking in patients with diarrhea and villous atrophy, and are the main reasons why 85% of people remain unrecognized and undiagnosed.

Best regards. --BallenaBlanca (talk) 19:36, 21 March 2016 (UTC)

The Leffler Nat Rev Gastro Hep paper I just quoted from to answer Doc James is a high standard review which you have been quoting too. The experience of adult and paediatric gastroenterologists is different and hence this statement. As WP editors, I think we have no clear view on why 85% of the presumed cases are undiagnosed. What about family and population screening? These approaches seem to find lower Hb values too. But I think this is too detailed and specialist for the lead! Thanks for all you have done to improve it. Jrfw51 (talk) 20:25, 21 March 2016 (UTC)

Thanks to you too, Jrfw51!

High rates of undiagnosed cases is one of the most valuable information to the lay public to understand the situation and the need to actively seek specialized medical help.

The reality is that these values are probably underestimated, as in the case of prevalence, although some studies suggest an overestimation. IMO are clearly underestimated. The infradiagnosis has been calculated by screening in epidemiological studies:

"The availability of highly sensitive and specific serological tools, first the anti-gliadin (AGA) and later the anti-endomysium (EMA) and the anti-transglutaminase (tTG) antibodies, made it possible to evaluate the true prevalence of CD (...) The ratio of known (previously diagnosed) to undiagnosed CD cases was as high as 1-7" NOTE: 1-7 = 14% (86% undiagnosed cases) 12% (88% undiagnosed cases)

Nevertheless, anti-tTG and anti-EMA antibodies are not "highly sensitive"; they have high sensitivity to detect cases with villous atrophy, but very low in the other presentations of CD, which are the more common ones:

"The sensitivity of IgA EMA or tTG in patients with partial villous atrophy ranged from 89% to as low as 30%, while the sensitivity in patients with Marsh grade II lesions was less than 50%".

"The screening value of autoantibodies has been too optimistically overestimated, especially those on tissue transglutaminase antibodies (tTGA) (24, 25). However, comparing the tTGA to EMA and AGA, the sensitivity of tTGA does not offer any advantages over EMA for screening of the populations at high risk of CD (26–28). It is time to re-evaluate our perception of intestinal pathology (29) in such terms, rather than by continued use of subjective degrees of villous atrophy (VA), since absence of VA is not evidence of absence of CD. Such terminology obscures the recognition of fundamental changes occurring within small bowel mucosa. In simple words, increased density of IEL's and crypt hyperplasia form an essential phase in the disease pathogenesis sequence of progression. As CD with milder enteropathy is the most common form, histology cannot be considered as the gold standard any longer. Therefore, treatment should target the symptoms and not the immunohistology (29–32)."

"According to the previous studies, screening based on antibodies only would underestimate the prevalence of CD due to false-negative results caused by the low sensitivity of tests (6–10). However, some studies suggest that the overestimation of CD frequency could also result from antibody based screening programmes due to a high rate of false positives"

"It must also be taken into account that, as we discuss below, studies based on serological screening may not really demonstrate adult prevalence, where antibody titers are low or even negative, while histological damage and symptoms are compatible with CD"

Best regards. --BallenaBlanca (talk) 22:18, 21 March 2016 (UTC)

Dear Jrfw51. I agree your new edition. First, I apologize if I cannot express properly in English. Written communication is difficult, many nuances are lost, and more if it is not in your own language.

"This is one of the commonest presenting features leading to diagnosis in adult patients." I agree, of course. I disagreed letting it alone among extraintestinal manifestations because the main problem is that CD is like a chameleon and the possible presentations are enormous. We must reflect that idea so we must avoid "closing the clinical picture", to avoid people think "I don´t have anemia, I cannot have celiac disease." Of course, we must draw attention to the anemia caused by undiagnosed CD, as you say it is a serious issue, even most serious in women because it tend not to evaluate them, It blames the menses and closed issue. For this reason, I agreed to include anaemia among non-classical symptoms, but as I said only if we include some more of the most common. Let's take a look:

Case finding is now becoming more common and is conducted in a wide range of clinical situations ranging from the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms (diarrhea, abdominal pain and distension), failure to thrive in children [4, 5] , prolonged fatigue [6] , unexpected weight loss, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, anemia [7] , increased liver transaminases [8] and unexplained neuropsychiatric disorder [9]

Table 1. Extraintestinal manifestations of CD (extracted the most common ones)

• Anemia ~50% * Most commonly secondary to iron deficiency but may be multifactorial in etiology; low serum levels of folate and vitamin B12 without anemia are frequently seen * NOTE: yes, here more elevated rates ;-)
• Thrombocytosis up to 60% Possibly secondary to iron deficiency or hyposplenism
• Bones Osteopenia/osteoporosis ~50% Affects 50% of nontreated CD; multifactorial etiology: malabsorption, inflammation, immunology and autoimmunity
• Fractures ~50% Multifactorial etiology; CD clinical presentation and gender influence
• Neurologic Peripheral neuropathy 49% Most common neurologic affection in CD
• Migraines ~50%
• Depression ~50%

These signs are haematological (anemia of various types, hyper platelets by hyposplenism, haemorrhagic signs) cutaneous (herpetiform dermatitis, cutaneous vasculitis) mucosal (aphtose), hepatic (cytolysis), neurophysical (fatigue, troubles of behaviour, cerebral syndrome, neuropathy) and osteo-articulitis (osteopenia, arthralgias, diffuse pains). The association of certain auto-immune illnesses must be emphasized (diabetes, Hashimoto thyroiditis, Gougerot disease, primitive biliary cirrhosis).

Coeliac disease has a variable presentation in many different settings of health care. Recently, and in view of the recognition of the increased prevalence of the disease, guidelines from the National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) published in 200913 recommend offering or considering offering serological testing in many and varied clinical settings. These include persistent gastrointestinal symptoms, malaise, unexplained anaemias, autoimmune and neurological disease, metabolic bone disease with low mineral density, gynaecological symptoms and lymphoma. Recent genome-wide association studies have shown that chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases are linked genetically to coeliac disease; for example, type 1 diabetes mellitus, Grave’s disease and Crohn’s disease. 21–23 If present, these should prompt concurrent

Coeliac disease can present with a wide range of clinical features, both gastrointestinal (such as indigestion, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, bloating, distension or constipation) and non-gastrointestinal (such as fatigue, dermatitis herpetiformis, anaemia, osteoporosis, reproductive problems, short stature, neuropathy, ataxia or delayed puberty). Although some people present with typical symptoms, others have few or no symptoms. People with autoimmune conditions such as type 1 diabetes and autoimmune thyroid disease, or people with a first-degree family history of coeliac disease, have an increased likelihood of coeliac disease

The spectrum of clinical presentations is wide, and currently extraintestinal manifestations (eg, anemia or short stature) are more common than the classic malabsorption symptoms.

Best regards. --BallenaBlanca (talk) 18:20, 21 March 2016 (UTC)

I was writing when you write, Doc James. Perhaps my previous message serve to answer you. Best regards. --BallenaBlanca (talk) 18:23, 21 March 2016 (UTC)

And more, and more... an endless list. Other examples:

Typical (classical) signs and symptoms (this is the less common presentation):

• Abdominal distension
• Abdominal pain
• Anorexia
• Bulky, sticky and pale stools
• Diarrhea
• Flatulence
• Failure to thrive
• Muscle wasting
• Steatorrhea
• Vomiting
• weight loss

Atypical (non-classical) signs and symptoms (the more common presentation):

• Alopecia areata
• Anemia (iron deficiency)
• Aphthous stomatitis
• Arthritis
• Behavioral changes
• Cerebellar ataxia
• Chronic fatigue
• Constipation
• Dental enamel hypoplasia
• Dermatitis herpetiformis
• Epilepsy
• Esophageal reflux
• Hepatic steatosis
• infertility, recurrent abortions
• isolated hypertransaminasemia
• Late-onset puberty
• Myelopathy
• Obesity
• Osteoporosis/osteopenia
• Peripheral neuropathy
• recurrent abdominal pain
• Short stature

Associated diseases:

• Addison disease
• Atrophic gastritis
• Autoimmune hepatitis
• Autoimmune pituitaritis
• Autoimmune thyroiditis
• Behçet disease
• Dermatomyositis
• inflammatory arthritis
• Myasthenia gravis
• Primary biliary cirrhosis
• Primary sclerosing cholangitis
• Psoriasis
• Sjögren disease
• Type 1 diabetes mellitus
• Vitiligo

Table 1. Who to test?

• Gastrointestinal:
• Chronic or intermittent diarrhoea
• Persistent or unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms including nausea and vomiting recurrent abdominal pain, cramping or distension sudden or unexpected weight loss
• Irritable bowel syndrome
• Microscopic colitis
• Persistent or unexplained constipation
• Persistently raised liver enzymes with unknown cause
• Aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers)
• Dental enamel defects
• Malaise:
• Prolonged fatigue (‘tired all the time’)
• Failure to thrive or faltering growth (in children)
• Haematological:
• Unexplained iron-deficiency anaemia, or other unspecified anaemia
• Immunological ⁄ autoimmune disease:
• Type 1 diabetes mellitus Addison’s disease
• Autoimmune thyroid disease
• Autoimmune myocarditis
• Autoimmune liver conditions
• Chronic thrombocytopenia purpura
• Sjögren’s syndrome
• Neurological:
• Ataxia Polyneuropathy
• Epilepsy
• Depression or bipolar disorder
• Metabolic bone disease – low mineral density:
• Vitamin D deficiency Low-trauma fracture
• Reduced bone mineral density
• Metabolic bone disease (such as rickets or osteomalacia)
• Gynaecological:
• Recurrent miscarriage
• Turner’s syndrome
• Unexplained subfertility
• Amenorrhoea
• Dermatological:
• Dermatitis herpetiformis
• Unexplained alopecia
• Associated conditions:
• Sarcoidosis
• Down’s syndrome
• Malignancy:
• Lymphoma
• Small bowel adenocarcinoma

--BallenaBlanca (talk) 18:41, 21 March 2016 (UTC)

References

Duodenal lymphocytosis

I have created an article on duodenal lymphocytosis which we previously did not have. Please take a look and add to it. Pictures and links would be useful which I haven't had the time to find! I think it would be better for the coeliac disease entry if we moved some of the detailed discussion we have been adding here to other pages such as this. I looked at the Spanish WP entry (which BallenaBlanca has added a great deal of information to), and although there is much information of great relevance there, I feel to duplicate that here would make it excessive. We could write multiple academic reviews, and indeed books, based on all the systematic reviews in the literature, but it would have the drawback of making it less easy to understand for the average reader. We want something accessible to the patient who has just been told "I think you might have coeliac disease". Even the medical student told to write up a case of coeliac disease only needs to find the headings of issues here and should then go to the academic literature.Jrfw51 (talk)

Agree that subarticles are a great idea. Would be nice to summarize the pathophysiology section as 4 or 5 paragraphs and then move the rest to a subarticle were things could be gone into in greater depth. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 17:34, 20 March 2016 (UTC)

Do not worry, it has never been my intention to duplicate all here.

We want something accessible to the patient who has just been told "I think you might have coeliac disease" but it is even more important for people with compatible symptoms or related diseases who has just been told "You can not have coeliac disease" or simply never has been told they may have coeliac disease, but they have related diseases and / or symptoms (up to 85% of coeliac people remain undiagnosed because of multiple diagnosis pitfalls...) ;-) Best regards. --BallenaBlanca (talk) 22:07, 20 March 2016 (UTC)

"a wide number of symptoms involving any part of the body"

We state this in the first paragraph.

Therefore trimmed "and have many different features" also in the first paragraph and "which can affect different organs and tissues of the body" from the second paragraph as these are basically saying the same thing with different words.

Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 17:32, 20 March 2016 (UTC)

Well, but if we remove "Upon exposure to gluten, it develops an abnormal immunological response which may lead to the production of several different autoantibodies, which can affect different organs and tissues of the body", is better to clarify in the first paragraph. I made this edition, with a brief sentence, supported by a 2015 source PMID 26260366, published on Nat Rev Gastro Hepat (12.61 impact factor, ranked 3/76.).

Best regards. --BallenaBlanca (talk) 22:19, 20 March 2016 (UTC)

I have moved this here "These manifestations are consequences of autoimmune reactions, inflammation and/or incorrect absorption of nutrients."

Because in the next paragraph we already state "Upon exposure to gluten, an abnormal immune response may lead to the production of several different autoantibodies.[11][12] In the small-bowel this causes an inflammatory reaction and may produce shortening of the villi lining the small intestine (villous atrophy).[1][13] This affects the absorption of nutrients.[9]"

I do not understand why we would say it twice in the lead?

The first paragraph even says it is an autoimmune disorder in the first sentence. So we already say twice that it is an autoimmune reaction. We should not be saying it three times. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 01:07, 21 March 2016 (UTC)

This issue is currently not clear for most readers (lay or non-lay readers).

In the first paragraph we state: "is an autoimmune disorder affecting primarily the small intestine." Small intestine. "a wide number of symptoms involving any part of the body". It is no clear after read previous text that autoimmune reactions may affect other organs. And currently almost everybody thinks that these symptoms are caused by malabsorption or incorrect absorption, even after explanations, because there is great resistance to admit it (that includes most physicians). I have seen this for years. With all my respect, we have a recent example in this Wikipedia:

• BallenaBlanca, I'm not seeing any reason to believe that mainstream medicine believes any such "growing evidences" of any "connection between gluten and a variety of neurological symptoms" exist, outside of celiac disease and its occasional complications (e.g., nutritional deficiencies because your intestines are so wrecked that they can't absorb nutrients).;
• And I repeat from our earlier exchange: Mainstream medicine (not just neurologists, not just autism experts) does not appear to believe that gluten-free diets affect neurology (unless celiac is so severe that the patient is vitamin-deficient).

NOTE: Pathophysiology of gluten ataxia: Autoimmune. The autoimmune reaction in gluten ataxia is mediated by antibody crossreactivity between Purkinje cells and gluten proteins and a widespread perivascular deposition of TG2 antibodies in the brain. Antibodies against TG6, a TG primarily expressed in the brain, have been detected in patients with gluten ataxia. In addition, serum from patients with gluten ataxia and anti-TG immunoglobulins, which were derived using phage display technology, can trigger ataxia when injected intraventricularly into mice. After having been diagnosed with gluten ataxia, patients are advised to adhere to a gluten-free diet. However, the improvement of ataxia symptoms can be variable and depends on the duration of the disease, as loss of Purkinje cells and detectable atrophy are not reversible. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are therefore important to minimize harmful consequences and prevent the progression of the disease. (TG: transglutaminase) Pathophysiology of peripheral neuropathy: Autoimmune, inflammatory.

In addition, those who know something about coeliac antibodies, basically know only antibodies affecting the intestine. When reading "Upon exposure to gluten, an abnormal immune response may lead to the production of several different autoantibodies" It's not clear that they are antibodies that affect different organs. In the best case, they will think in IgA / IgG anti-transglutaminase (TG2), anti-endomysial, anti-gliadin and anti-reticulin antibodies, which are "several different autoantibodies". But there are other antibodies that may develop [3] which affect different systems, and not only small intestine.

If we do not put an information in the first paragraph, we have to put it in the second. In one of the two, but we have to put it. IMO, this brief sentence in the first paragraph: "These manifestations are consequences of autoimmune reactions, inflammation and/or incorrect absorption of nutrients." because it is more complete and easy to understand. And also, let clear that inflammation affects other organs. The second paragraph talks only about small intestine (in the small-bowel this causes an inflammatory reaction). It is not enough and is not the same as duplicate information.

Best regards. --BallenaBlanca (talk) 03:50, 21 March 2016 (UTC)

"any part of the body" means "other organs"

I have expended the sentence on pathophysiology in the second paragraph to "Upon exposure to gluten, an abnormal immune response may lead to the production of several different autoantibodies that can affect a number of different organs." Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 05:09, 21 March 2016 (UTC)

I agree. Best regards. --BallenaBlanca (talk) 12:40, 21 March 2016 (UTC)

References

Lead... finished?

Doc James and Jrfw51. I want to thank you again. It is a pleasure working with you. I think the lead is running really well and IMO possibly already be finished. Best regards. --BallenaBlanca (talk) 12:51, 21 March 2016 (UTC)

Rates of undiagnosed cases

Hi, Jrfw51.

I see you've corrected the rates of undiagnosed cases. All right. Unintentionally, it seems that there was a small inaccuracy, if we consider the source provided. It is not a serious issue, but it is obviously better being precise. 83%, 85%, 88%... remain equally high rates. I had in mind even higher rates, after reading a lot of articles for years. For example:

Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2008 Oct;10(5):466-72. Is this really celiac disease? Pitfalls in diagnosis. Catassi C1, Fasano A. PMID 18799121

Underdiagnosis and Diagnostic Delay. Despite growing awareness of its clinical polymorphism, CD remains largely underdiagnosed. In developed countries, an average of 5 to 10 CD cases remain undiagnosed for each diagnosed case, usually because of atypical, minimal, or even absent complaints. A recent screening study in the United Kingdom indicates that more than 90% of CD in schoolchildren is being missed [ 22 ]. In the United States, the projected number of patients with CD is approximately 3 million, yet fewer than 100,000 have been correctly diagnosed [ 23 ].

I leave in your hands if you want to review or complete, either in the lead or in the epidemiology section.

IMO, rates of underdiagnosis in children are of particular concern for the irreversible consequences (on neurological development, growth, teeth, bones, some associated autoimmune disease such as diabetes type 1, etc.). Perhaps, it would be good mentioning this high rates found in this study among children. In adults, it is more frequent perform biopsies despite having a negative serology. But children with negative serology are not referred to a gastroenterologist for study, or very, very rarely (compared to all unrecognized cases). Pediatricians gastroenterologists see only a fraction of cases. Their perception of the CD is distorted by that. In addition, pediatricians try to avoid invasive tests and biopsies are delayed or simply not made. If we add to all this the frequent errors in the interpretation of biopsies... The vast majority of children with negative serology, especially (but not only) with nonclassical symptoms, reach adulthood undiagnosed and with many (avoidable) affectations.

Best regards. --BallenaBlanca (talk) 10:30, 22 March 2016 (UTC)

Add wikilink: List_of_people_diagnosed_with_coeliac_disease?

How about adding List_of_people_diagnosed_with_coeliac_disease to a 'See also' section for people that are interested in that type of information? McortNGHH (talk) 10:58, 10 July 2016 (UTC)

It's already linked at the top of the "Society and culture" section. These pages have very low encyclopedic value so I would not wish to place undue attention here. JFW | T@lk 12:41, 10 July 2016 (UTC)

Oops, missed it. But definitely a good place to have it. Thanks! McortNGHH (talk) 13:46, 10 July 2016 (UTC)

The severity of intestinal problems compared to the severity level of extra intestinal problems caused by celiac disease.

From the article under "signs and symptoms"

"Severe coeliac disease leads to the characteristic symptoms of pale, loose, and greasy stool (steatorrhoea) and weight loss or failure to gain weight (in young children). People with milder coeliac disease may have symptoms that are much more subtle and occur in organs other than the bowel itself.[6] It is also possible to have coeliac disease without any symptoms whatsoever.[9] This represents at least in 43% of the cases in children.[27] Many adults with subtle disease only have fatigue or anaemia.[19]"

In this paragraph "severe Coeliac disease" is defined as people who have obvious digestive problems. Mild celiac disease is defined as people who do not have so obvious digestive problems. This is confusing wording as some people with "mild celiac disease" can have severe problems in other organs. Also I am not sure how the word "subtle" is being used. Is it saying the symptoms are minor or is it saying that the connection between the symptoms and Celiac disease is harder to figure out?

The 6th reference it states:

"Several additional studies in extensive series of celiac patients have clearly shown that TG2A sensitivity varies depending on the severity of duodenal damage, and reaches almost 100% in the presence of complete villous atrophy (more common in children under three years), 70% for subtotal atrophy, and up to 30% when only an increase in IELs is present. (IELs: intraepithelial lymphocytes)"

My understanding is that it is possible to have silent celiac disease (I.E celiac disease without any obvious digestive problems) and have other majors symptoms in other organs (such as nephropathy). The reference (#6) talks about "tg2a sensitivity" and the range of possible effects it can have on the gut. Some possible extra intestinal manifestations of celiac disease can be extremely severe even with milder or no intestinal problems.

From https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3884535/

"The extraintestinal manifestations of celiac disease may dominate the clinical picture, overshadowing the intestinal ones; if the correct diagnosis is made early, they often improve when the patient is put on a gluten-free diet (GFD). These manifestations may include (among others) hepatopathy, Duhring’s dermatitis herpetiformis, IgA nephropathy, temporal-lobe epilepsy, cerebellar ataxia, peripheral neuropathy, pulmonary hemosiderosis, or nonspecific problems such as joint pain, exhaustion, headache, mood swings (depression), and constipation (Box 1).  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.218.151.71 (talk) 18:44, 14 July 2016 (UTC) 

At this diff] I hope that I have addressed your concerns. Bear in mind however that a symptom is defined as something that the patient notices - like greasy stools - and not like nephropathy, which is a tissue diagnosis. Richard Keatinge (talk) 21:04, 14 July 2016 (UTC)

Okay see this now. Added the ref provided. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 21:21, 14 July 2016 (UTC)

Are Celiac disease and Coeliac disease the same?

I found the description of Celiac disease Here. May I request other editors to help? Thanks. --Abhijeet Safai (talk) 12:04, 19 July 2016 (UTC)

Yes just different in spelling. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 20:30, 19 July 2016 (UTC)

Oat

I have updated the issue of oats, with a summarized from Oat#Celiac disease. Take a look and see if you want to clarify/modify something else. Best regards. --BallenaBlanca (talk) 12:01, 29 August 2016 (UTC)

Recent edit

Doc James, I have seen that you've moved to the lede the video performed by OsmoseIt [4], but it is the same version, it was not improved. [5]

I repeat that it is very good video from a technical point of view, but very poor and outdated in several relevant points, in which "misinform" rather than inform. I do not agree its inclusion in the page as it is; if we let it, at least should not be in the lede, I think it has to be left where it was before until it is updated, as I had already said [6]

Best regards. --BallenaBlanca (talk) 12:14, 27 September 2016 (UTC)

They fixed a number of things. I am not seeing any of the remaining issues as critical. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 15:24, 27 September 2016 (UTC)

I really sorry to say this... Yes, they fixed a number of things, but there are several points that have not been improved and are fundamental, especially points 6 and 7 . It could be a fantastic video with a little more improvement. Best regards. --BallenaBlanca (talk) 10:41, 30 September 2016 (UTC)

Sounds decidedly WP:SYNTHish to me. And this is a subject which interests me, as a coeliac myself. Guy (Help!) 13:52, 30 September 2016 (UTC)

Removal of review

Unclear why this review was removed? [7] Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 21:37, 30 September 2016 (UTC)

I found the document due to checking a refspamming campaign by one of the co-authors. I checked the review, it has only been cited twice in the literature and does not come form any well known centre specialising in coeliac. It's in a very minor journal, not one of the high profile journals covering autoimmune disorders. So it seems to em that its main purpose here was to boost the profile of the refspamming author. Guy (Help!) 23:57, 30 September 2016 (UTC)

Can you provide me the dif of the addition? The journal has a decent impact factor.

You also removed Fasano, A (April 2005). "Clinical presentation of celiac disease in the pediatric population". Gastroenterology. 128 (4 Suppl 1): S68-73. PMID 15825129. which I restored. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 01:32, 1 October 2016 (UTC)

I assume you mean this one [8]? But I do not believe that editor is any of the authors?

This article [9] is under an open license (CC BY 4.0). The journal it is published in has an impact factor of 3.76.[10]

Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 01:36, 1 October 2016 (UTC)

I could be wrong about this specific addition, the problem user is Miroslavpohanka (talk · contribs · deleted contribs · logs · filter log · block user · block log), who has done little other than add and re-add references to his own work. Journal impact factor is, as you know, only a rough guide, the paper itself only has two inbound cites and as I say does not come fomr any group known for this area, as far as I can tell. Guy (Help!) 00:18, 2 October 2016 (UTC)

Sure agree. But I think I added it to support this bit " It is associated with other autoimmune diseases, such as diabetes mellitus type 1 and thyroiditis, among others." which is does perfectly well. That is hardly controversial. No concern with your removing the other bits as other refs already supported. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 02:00, 2 October 2016 (UTC)

Persistent villous atrophy

With regard to this, there are a few things:

• (1) - the content discussed in this section is not cited directly to any scientific peer-reviewed literature - it is cited to celiac.org; celiac.org which is not peer-reviewed at all in turn cites the source that I added as its sole peer-reviewed source.
• (2) the source cited by celiac.org, which was added directly, is not a primary source for this information - it is a secondary source, as it accumulates and summarizes prior literature while reporting on its own findings.
• (3) there is nothing in MEDRS which says that primary sources should not be cited - indeed, the first sentence of the Basic Advice section in WP:MEDRS states simply "Primary sources should not be cited with intent of "debunking", contradicting, or countering any conclusions made by secondary sources". That's it.

Adding additional secondary information - or updating the content with more recent and better sources - is welcome, but removing well-cited information is not appropriate. II | (t - c) 10:47, 30 October 2016 (UTC)

So you added "while up to 30% are nonresponsive to a gluten-free diet due to other issues such as irritable bowel syndrome or gluten exposure." based on a single trial of a convenience sample at a single institution of 113.[11]

We have recent reviews like this one [12]. Not sure what is the issue with using reviews as there are lots. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 11:34, 30 October 2016 (UTC)

The sample was 603, not 113 (113 cases found). In any case, great improvement! But my point is that you should iterate and improve rather than remove. I think it's also important to use precise language. Research study != primary study per se. The research study in question, which I used simply because it was what the existing article relied upon and I didn't find a discussion in my quick lit search - cites 40+ articles including the last major review on the specific topic at that time, and discusses that prior research. Indeed, the very first sentence is "Nonresponsive celiac disease (NRCD) is a common problem affecting from 7% to 30% of celiac patients" which is a range of numbers from all studies including those totally outside the results of the particular study. It's also problematic to focus on "primary" when the current sourcing was just a research study sitting in a misleading way behind a popular press type website article which may well have been written by a high-school intern for all we know. In any case, the content you added doesn't actually talk about the content I added, which is the separate broader topic of non-responsive celiac disease. Several recent articles quote (but don't really examine in any meaningful way) the same number as the research study I used, 7% to 30% - see this and [www.omicsonline.org/open-access/celiac-disease-review-2161-069X-1000350.php?aid=65256#71 this] (looks like a copy paste), among others. How would you prefer to handle that? II | (t - c) 17:18, 30 October 2016 (UTC)

Not sure what you are proposing?

This [13] looks like an excellent source. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 04:31, 31 October 2016 (UTC)

Perhaps this 2016 review may also be useful PMID 27536154 Clin Exp Gastroenterol. 2016 Aug 3;9:225-36. doi: 10.2147/CEG.S87200. Improving outcomes of refractory celiac disease - current and emerging treatment strategies. And is free access [14] Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology have a current impact factor of 4.01.

Best regards. --BallenaBlanca (talk) 04:44, 31 October 2016 (UTC)

Yup agree. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 09:26, 31 October 2016 (UTC)

Agree. Current, from a group with a high reputation in the field, and in a good journal. My ideal kind of source :-) Guy (Help!) 10:53, 31 October 2016 (UTC)

• I'll guess I'll leave this be for now - the non-responsive thing estimated at 7% to 30% is not currently covered in the article, but the ACG Clinical Guidelines doesn't unpack the concept in a good way. BallenaBlanca (talk · contribs), the review you mention (Wood 2016) is the one that James added, but it doesn't talk about non-responsive celiac disease at all. In the literature (as mentioned by e.g. the above practice guidelines and described in more detail in the source I originally used), non-responsive is an umbrella term inclusive of refractory. Refractory disease is a relatively rare and serious condition which affects people regardless of absolute gluten elimination. II | (t - c) 05:18, 2 November 2016 (UTC)

The main problem was that the definition of refractory disease was not correct: [15] "which means they do not improve on a gluten-free diet despite the lack of gluten exposure". The essential requisite for its diagnosis is to continue having villous atrophy in the absence of gluten exposure for more than twelve months. I have tried to improve the section. Review if it need to do some retouching and / or grammar correction.

@ImperfectlyInformed: I thought you were trying to correctly define refractory disease and distinguish it from the lack of response (they are not the same thing), for which the mentioned reference is very useful.

Explanations for the persistence of symptoms was already on the page [16], but I agree that must be mentioned in this section because of the important confusion of concepts there are generally, and the great relevance of its distinction from refractory disease.

Also, I think that the information about refractory celiac disease should be expanded.

Best regards. --BallenaBlanca (Talk) 08:27, 2 November 2016 (UTC)

This reference mentions the percentage you want to reflect. As it is not freely access, I have included a quotation [17]: See JA, Kaukinen K, Makharia GK, Gibson PR, Murray JA (Oct 2015). "Practical insights into gluten-free diets". Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol (Review). 12 (10): 580–91. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2015.156. PMID 26392070. "A lack of symptoms and/or negative serological markers are not reliable indicators of mucosal response to the diet. Furthermore, up to 30% of patients continue to have gastrointestinal symptoms despite a strict GFD.122,124 If adherence is questioned, a structured interview by a qualified dietitian can help to identify both intentional and inadvertent sources of gluten."

I hope you agree. Best regards. --BallenaBlanca (Talk) 09:28, 2 November 2016 (UTC)

CD is a chronic, multiple-organ autoimmune disease and not a "simple" digestive disease

About this edit [18] I think is very important, at least, restoring the definition.

Doc James, you say "prefer to keep it simplier and more to the point". But celiac disease is not a simple disorder and precisely the most important point is the evolution in the understanding of the disease, which is not a digestive disease as previously thought, but a multi-organ disease. We should not contribute to keep the wrong and outdated idea that celiac disease is only a digestive disorder, which is one of the main reasons for the high degree of underdiagnosis (approximately 83%). This is very well reflected in the ESPGHAN and WGO guidelines:

• ESPGHAN: "Guidelines from the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) for the diagnosis and treatment of coeliac disease (CD) have not been renewed for 20 years. During this time, the perception of CD has changed from a rather uncommon enteropathy to a common multi-organ disease with a strong genetic predisposition that is associated mainly with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8."

• WGO: "Why is celiac disease difficult to diagnose? . Wide spectrum of clinical characteristics, which can vary during a patient’s lifetime. (...) . There is a lack of awareness about celiac disease among clinicians (and patients). (...) There are also several “myths,” such as: (...) . Celiac disease is a mild disorder and “the problem goes away after diagnosis and a gluten-free diet.”"

The NIDDKD reference is certainly more outdated and poorer than the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Guideline or the World Gastroenterology Organisation Global Guideline. They have the updated definition of celiac disease as a "a chronic, multiple-organ autoimmune disease" or "an immune-mediated systemic disorder", respectively. This update has cost many years of hard efforts.

I will restore the definition.

Also, the page needs a review of the section of signs and symptoms. I intend to update it as soon as I have time. I will continue talking here so we can collaborate.

Best regards. --BallenaBlanca (Talk) 01:07, 17 March 2017 (UTC)

We should be keep the lead in easier to understand language and simpler yes.

We say "primarily the small intestine" which means other parts are also affected.

We already say "Non-classic-classic symptoms are the most common". We do not need to overemphasise by adding "Currently, classic symptoms are exceptional "

The NIDDK is perfectly fine for providing an accepted overview of the disease. And the current version is from 2016.

The lead is a summary. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 01:10, 17 March 2017 (UTC)

Well, agree to delete "Currently, classic symptoms are exceptional".

But the definition is not enough as it is now, IMO it's not clear. I think it's easy to understand "is a chronic, multiple-organ" and it is a good summary for the lead.

For an overview, yes, NIDDK is a fine source, but it fails on some essential things, as the definition. The posting date does not mean that it has incorporated the updates (obviously, it has not...).

I will include only this two words "chronic, multiple-organ". Only two words that get a more accurate definition and avoid misinterpretation. I hope you agree.

Best regards. --BallenaBlanca (Talk) 01:37, 17 March 2017 (UTC)

I am fine with "long term". Do not think we need multi organ.

We already say "a wide number of symptoms involving any part of the body" a bit lower

Not everything needs to be crammed into the first sentence. And we do not need to repeat the same thing in the lead. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 01:40, 17 March 2017 (UTC)

I'm sorry you do not agree. I think it's more appropriate, but I understand your reasons, too.

"Classic" is repeated ("Non-classic-classic symptoms" instead of "Non-classic symptoms"), it is an errata after a reversion. Look at the versions: [19] [20] I'll let you correct it.

Best regards. --BallenaBlanca (Talk) 01:53, 17 March 2017 (UTC)

Corrected. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 02:00, 17 March 2017 (UTC)