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Dear all- this is my first time editing on Wikipedia. I currently work with cell encapsulation and I would like to add some information about the topic. However, I have read through the editing guidelines and noted that conflicts of interest are discouraged. Therefore, before going "live" with the information, I would like to disclose that I am associated with a company that has performed some of the work included in the edit. To avoid any perception of non-neutrality, I also wanted to propose the changes here first so that more experienced editors could suggest changes, or where additional references may be required. The following is the additional information I would like to add:

To the History section: Human trials utilising encapsulated cells were performed in 1998 [1][2][3]. They used encapsulated cells expressing a cytochrome P450 enzyme to locally activate an anti-tumour prodrug in a trial for advanced, non-resectable pancreatic cancer. They demonstrated approximately a doubling of survival time compared to historic controls.

Minor edit to Biomaterials sub-section: The use of the best biomaterial depending on the application is crucial in the development of drug delivery systems and tissue engineering. The polymer alginate is most commonly used due to its early discovery, easy availability and low cost but other materials such as cellulose sulphate, collagen, chitosan, gelatin and agarose have also been employed.

New cellulose sulphate sub-section: Cellulose sulphate is derived from cotton and, once processed appropriately, can be used as a biocompatible base in which to suspend cells. When the poly-anionic cellulose sulphate solution is immersed in a second, poly-cationic solution, a semi-permeable membrane is formed around the suspended cells as a result of gelation between the two polyions. Both mammalian cell lines and bacterial cells remain viable and continue to replicate within the capsule membrane in order to fill-out the capsule. As such, in contrast to some other encapsulation materials, the capsules can be used to grow cells and act like a mini-bioreactor. The biocompatible nature of the material has been demonstrated by observation during studies using the cell-filled capsules themselves for implantation as well as isolated capsule material.[4] Capsules formed from cellulose sulphate have been used in clinical and pre-clinical trials in both humans and animals, primarily as anti-cancer treatments, but also exploring possible uses for gene therapy or antibody therapies [5][6][7][8][9]. Using cellulose sulphate it has been possible to manufacture encapsulated cells as a pharmaceutical product at large scale and fulfilling Good Manufacturing Process (cGMP) standards. This was achieved by the company Austrianova in 2007.[10]

New paragraph in Diabetes sub-section: Potential alternatives to encapsulating isolated islets (of either allo- or xenogeneic origin) are also being explored. Using sodium cellulose sulphate technology from the Singapore based company Austrianova Singapore an islet cell line was encapsulated and it was demonstrated that the cells remain viable and release insulin in response to glucose.[11] In pre-clinical studies, implanted, encapsulated cells were able to restore blood glucose levels in diabetic rats over a period of 6 months.[12]

Addition to Cancer sub-section- end of Para 2: A further phase I/II clinical trial using the same product confirmed the results of the first trial, demonstrating an approximate doubling of survival time in patients with stage IV pancreatic cancer.[13] In all of these trials using cellulose sulphate the capsules were well tolerated and there were no adverse reactions seen such as immune response to the capsules, demonstrating the biocompatible nature of the cellulose sulphate capsules. In one patient the capsules were in place for almost 2 years with no side effects.

New Monoclonal Antibody Therapy section: The use of monoclonal antibodies as a therapeutic is now widespread for treatment of cancers and inflammatory diseases. Using a cellulose based technology, scientists have successfully encapsulated antibody producing hybridoma cells and demonstrated subsequent release of the therapeutic antibody from the capsules [14][15]. The capsules containing the hybridoma cells were used in pre-clinical studies to deliver neutralising antibodies to the mouse retrovirus FrCasE, successfully preventing disease.

Minor addition to Other Conditions section: In addition, monogeneic diseases such as haemophilia, Gaucher’s disease and some Mucopolysaccharide disorders could also potentially be targeted by encapsulated cells expressing the protein that is otherwise lacking in the patient.

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment

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This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Cushman.s.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 18:47, 17 January 2022 (UTC)[reply]

References

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  1. ^ Löhr, M (1999 Apr). "Cell therapy using microencapsulated 293 cells transfected with a gene construct expressing CYP2B1, an ifosfamide converting enzyme, instilled intra-arterially in patients with advanced-stage pancreatic carcinoma: a phase I/II study". Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany). 77 (4): 393–8. PMID 10353444. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  2. ^ Löhr, M (2001 May 19). "Microencapsulated cell-mediated treatment of inoperable pancreatic carcinoma". Lancet. 357 (9268): 1591–2. PMID 11377651. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ Lohr, M (2003). "Safety, feasibility and clinical benefit of localized chemotherapy using microencapsulated cells for inoperable pancreatic carcinoma in a phase I/II trial". Cancer Therapy. 1: 121–31. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  4. ^ Dautzenberg, H (1999 Jun 18). "Development of cellulose sulfate-based polyelectrolyte complex microcapsules for medical applications". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 875: 46–63. PMID 10415557. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  5. ^ Pelegrin, M (1998 Jun). "Systemic long-term delivery of antibodies in immunocompetent animals using cellulose sulphate capsules containing antibody-producing cells". Gene therapy. 5 (6): 828–34. PMID 9747463. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ Löhr, M (1999 Apr). "Cell therapy using microencapsulated 293 cells transfected with a gene construct expressing CYP2B1, an ifosfamide converting enzyme, instilled intra-arterially in patients with advanced-stage pancreatic carcinoma: a phase I/II study". Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany). 77 (4): 393–8. PMID 10353444. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  7. ^ Pelegrin, M (2000 Jul 1). "Immunotherapy of a viral disease by in vivo production of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies". Human gene therapy. 11 (10): 1407–15. PMID 10910138. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  8. ^ Armeanu, S (2001 Jul-Aug). "In vivo perivascular implantation of encapsulated packaging cells for prolonged retroviral gene transfer". Journal of microencapsulation. 18 (4): 491–506. PMID 11428678. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  9. ^ Winiarczyk, S (2002 Sep). "A clinical protocol for treatment of canine mammary tumors using encapsulated, cytochrome P450 synthesizing cells activating cyclophosphamide: a phase I/II study". Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany). 80 (9): 610–4. PMID 12226743. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  10. ^ Salmons, B (2007). "GMP production of an encapsulated cell therapy product: issues and considerations". BioProcessing Journal. 6 (2): 37–44. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  11. ^ Stadlbauer, V (2006 Jul). "Morphological and functional characterization of a pancreatic beta-cell line microencapsulated in sodium cellulose sulfate/poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)". Xenotransplantation. 13 (4): 337–44. PMID 16768727. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  12. ^ Steigler, P (2009). "Xenotransplantation of NaCS microencapsulated porcine islet cells in diabetic rats". Organ Biology. 16 (1): 104. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  13. ^ Lam, P (2013 Mar). "The innovative evolution of cancer gene and cellular therapies". Cancer gene therapy. 20 (3): 141–9. PMID 23370333. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  14. ^ Pelegrin, M (1998 Jun). "Systemic long-term delivery of antibodies in immunocompetent animals using cellulose sulphate capsules containing antibody-producing cells". Gene therapy. 5 (6): 828–34. PMID 9747463. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  15. ^ Pelegrin, M (2000 Jul 1). "Immunotherapy of a viral disease by in vivo production of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies". Human gene therapy. 11 (10): 1407–15. PMID 10910138. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

WiEdit2013 (talk) 08:55, 15 August 2013 (UTC)[reply]

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