Talk:Cannabis in pregnancy

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— Preceding unsigned comment added by Alexbrn (talk • contribs) 10:33, December 1, 2013‎

Potential effects observable in perinatal period

A study of 600 mothers found that smoking cannabis during pregnancy was not associated with increased risk of perinatal mortality.

A study of 100 women who used cannabis throughout their pregnancies, as well as their babies' first year, found an association between prenatal exposure to cannabis and low birth weight.

References

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In a 1991 study, the development of 59 Jamaican children was monitored from birth to age 5 using the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale and the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities. The results after five years showed no statistically significant developmental differences between using and non-using mothers. The only difference observed was at 30 days of age, when the children of cannabis-using mothers had better autonomic stability and reflexes. Another similar study on Jamaican children found that children who had been exposed to cannabis prenatally had no significant differences from non-exposed infants at three days of age, and were better in some cognitive tests at one month of age.

Some studies have found that children of tobacco and cannabis-smoking mothers more frequently suffer from lasting cognitive deficits, concentration disorders, hyperactivity, and impaired social interactions than non-exposed children of the same age and social background.

However, the previously discussed studies on Jamaican children conflict with this conclusion. On this discrepancy, "Medicine hunter" Chris Kilham noted in an interview with Manny Alvarez, "In US studies where we've seen a similar investigation, women have concurrently been abusing alcohol and other drugs as well".

References

Potential sources

A PubMed search restricted to reviews on "pregnancy cannabis" yields many results-- here is a small sampling of the most recent. (Click on the PMC link for free full text and the PMID link for abstracts only.) SandyGeorgia (Talk) 03:33, 2 December 2013 (UTC)

• Fonseca BM, Correia-da-Silva G, Almada M, Costa MA, Teixeira NA (2013). "The Endocannabinoid System in the Postimplantation Period: A Role during Decidualization and Placentation". Int J Endocrinol. 2013: 510540. doi:10.1155/2013/510540. PMC 3818851. PMID 24228028.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
• Sun X, Dey SK (2012). "Endocannabinoid signaling in female reproduction". ACS Chem Neurosci. 3 (5): 349–55. doi:10.1021/cn300014e. PMC 3382454. PMID 22860202. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
• Huizink AC (2012). "Prenatal substance use, prenatal stress and offspring behavioural outcomes: considerations for future studies". Nord J Psychiatry. 66 (2): 115–22. doi:10.3109/08039488.2011.641586. PMID 22242892. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
• Morris CV, DiNieri JA, Szutorisz H, Hurd YL (2011). "Molecular mechanisms of maternal cannabis and cigarette use on human neurodevelopment". Eur. J. Neurosci. 34 (10): 1574–83. doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2011.07884.x. PMC 3226730. PMID 22103415. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
• Hoell I, Havemann-Reinecke U (2011). "[Pregnant opioid addicted patients and additional drug intake. Part I. Toxic effects and therapeutic consequences]". Med Monatsschr Pharm (in German). 34 (10): 363–74, quiz 375–6. PMID 22010420. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
• Keimpema E, Mackie K, Harkany T (2011). "Molecular model of cannabis sensitivity in developing neuronal circuits". Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 32 (9): 551–61. doi:10.1016/j.tips.2011.05.004. PMC 3159827. PMID 21757242. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
• Karasu T, Marczylo TH, Maccarrone M, Konje JC (2011). "The role of sex steroid hormones, cytokines and the endocannabinoid system in female fertility". Hum. Reprod. Update. 17 (3): 347–61. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmq058. PMID 21227997.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
• Campolongo P, Trezza V, Ratano P, Palmery M, Cuomo V (2011). "Developmental consequences of perinatal cannabis exposure: behavioral and neuroendocrine effects in adult rodents". Psychopharmacology (Berl.). 214 (1): 5–15. doi:10.1007/s00213-010-1892-x. PMC 3045519. PMID 20556598. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
• Jutras-Aswad D, DiNieri JA, Harkany T, Hurd YL (2009). "Neurobiological consequences of maternal cannabis on human fetal development and its neuropsychiatric outcome". Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 259 (7): 395–412. doi:10.1007/s00406-009-0027-z. PMID 19568685. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

Irner TB 2011

Per request at Talk:Effects of cannabis, quotes from PMID 22114955. SandyGeorgia (Talk) 19:54, 22 December 2013 (UTC)

A significant association was found between Abstract Designs Latency and marijuana exposure, with the children born to heavier users displaying slower response times. Heavy users were defined as smoking six or more joints a day. The relationship remained significant after controlling for other maternal pregnancy drug use. Performance on the Peabody Spelling was also negatively associated with maternal marijuana use after controlling for potential confounding variables. ... For example, the vulnerability of the offspring of marijuana users in a task requiring visual analysis is in further contrast to the impact of prenatal cigarette exposure and such deficits have been interpreted as suggesting that prenatal exposure to marijuana impacts in a negative fashion upon particular aspects of cognitive performance that comprise the broad area of EF.

Cigarette exposure appears to impact upon the ability to temporarily hold information while processing incoming data whereas marijuana exposure was associated with that element of attention related to sustained attentional focus over time (Fried & Watkinson, 2001). In their study on marijuana exposure and delinquency, Day et al. (2011) found that 14-year-old children who were heavily exposed were more likely to have self- or parent-reported delinquent behaviors. They also found associations between attention and depressive symptoms at age 10 and delinquency at age 14 years.

Day et al. (2011) found that 14-year-old children who were heavily prenatally exposed to marijuana were more likely to have self- or parent-reported delinquent behaviors. This area of research continues to be important since marijuana is the most widely used illicit substance during pregnancy. Cannabinoids may directly affect dopaminergic neurotransmission in the fetal brain, affecting multiple aspects of central nervous system development (Day et al., 2011; Singer & Richardson, 2011).

As is summarized in Tables 2 and 3, evidence has been established of prenatal substance exposure, other than alcohol, especially cocaine and marijuana, and its association with deficits in language, attention, areas of cognitive performance, and delinquent behavior in adolescence.

babies with mothers who use pot are probably raised by the same mothers - more likely the problem than the pot. 2601:181:8301:4510:555D:DFDD:1178:691A (talk) 23:39, 30 October 2016 (UTC)