Talk:Availability-based tariff

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Question: What could be the maximum peak load that can be met with the present capacity mix in India?

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Answer: The total installed capacity in India is 2,68,000 MW with an approximate break up of 165,000 MW coal based thermal, 27,000 MW gas based thermal, 6,000 MW nuclear based thermal, 41,000 MW hydro (which is equal to 25,000 MW capacity at 60% load factor) and 32,000 MW renewable energy (mostly non-dispatchable secondary power or negative load). In addition, nearly 90,000 MW DG sets capacity (over 100 KVA size) is available as captive generation units which are idling most of the year. The renewal energy capacity is useful only to replace fuel costs of base load power stations contributing to energy security but do not meet peak load demand with dependability. Assuming 41,000 MW hydro at 60% LF with 95% availability and all thermal capacity working at 85% PLF, would actively participate in meeting the load demand, the maximum load that can be met is 193,000 MW [(165000+27000+6000)0.85+41000 x 0.6] and the annual electricity generation possible is nearly 1.6 trillion KWh (50% more than the generation in the year 2014-15). So the instantaneous unrestricted load that can be managed safely is 214,000 MW (193000 ÷ 0.9) in a smart grid.

Presently n+1 redundancy concept is followed to run safely the transmission lines (if a transmission corridor is having two or three lines, only one or two lines are kept in operation leaving one line as reserve standby). However the transmission lines work at very high availability (more than 99%) factor. In a well networked (not purely radial transmission lines) smart grid, all the available transmission lines can be put in service without providing any reserve stand by. Thus the transmission capacity of the grid can be enhanced substantially for optimum use.

Large size thermal power generation units are already equipped with HP/LP steam bypass systems, designed to operate at 5 to 7% overload for 5% duration in a year over the rated capacity, sliding pressure operation, frequency/load follow governor controls, two shift daily operation for five days in a week, etc to work effectively in a smart grid.

Presently, the maximum unrestricted peak load is not exceeding 150,000 MW against the optimum possibility of 214,000 MW. The immediate requirement in India is not generation capacity and transmission system expansion but a smart grid with frequency/load following capability of power stations, grid reserve service, fast load response measures, etc features to prevent operation of unified grid outside the safe frequency range.

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