Talk:Amity–enmity complex

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This article should be deleted

The man that coined that term, Sir Arthur Keith, was involved in scientific racism, and was a proponent of the Piltdown Man hoax. This article claims that different races of people are inherently hostile to people of other races, and that the culprit is Darwinian evolution. Most other sources on this topic reference back to the original Wikipedia article, and the vast majority of scientists consider race to be socially constructed. This is clear pseudoscience, and this article should be deleted, because it is factually incorrect, and even outright racist.Udihgi (talk) 01:52, 27 March 2019 (UTC)[reply]

Keith may or may not have been a bad man. That is nit an argument in favour of deletion. If it were, Wikipedia would have to delete all information about Hitler, Stalin, Jack the Ripper, etc, etc. Please be sensible. The article does NOT claim that all races are 'inherently hostile'. That is the claim that Keith made. The article makes reference to many other texts in addition to Keith's work.

Most scientists agree that races are a product of evolution by natural selection. They are not a 'social construct'. The amity - enmity theory may or may not be pseudoscience. That is not a reason for deletion as pseudosciences are included in Wikipedia. Please specify which areas you think are'factually incorrect'? Which are'racist'?

 If you seriously believe there is racism involved in reporting allegedly racist views from  2 centuries ago, i suggest you complain to the police, race relations, etc.  Crawiki (talk) 09:45, 28 March 2019 (UTC)[reply]

However, if you know of acceptable sources for your claim that 'race is a social construct', go ahead and add them to the article, under a new subheading, 'objections to the theory'. Crawiki (talk) 10:01, 28 March 2019 (UTC)[reply]

Also please read WP:NOT, section on censorship, first, before advocating deletion. Crawiki (talk) 10:16, 28 March 2019 (UTC)[reply]

Objections to the theory

Here are my sources: ^[1] ^[2] ^[3] ^[4] ^[5] ^[6] ^[7] ^[8] ^[9] ^[10] ^[11] ^[12] ^[13] ^[14] ^[15] ^[16] Udihgi (talk) 06:18, 2 April 2019 (UTC)[reply]

The subject of this article is the amity-enmity complex. Do any of these sources make reference to that topic? If not, this looks like WP:OR Crawiki (talk) 10:03, 2 April 2019 (UTC)[reply]

References

^ Scholarship.law.berkeley.edu. (2019). [online] Available at: https://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2815&context=facpubs [Accessed 2 Apr. 2019].
^ Pdfs.semanticscholar.org. (2019). [online] Available at: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/829e/b5910cb75e4e81cc9ffda16984487075416f.pdf [Accessed 2 Apr. 2019].
^ Asanet.org. (2019). [online] Available at: http://www.asanet.org/sites/default/files/savvy/introtosociology/Documents/TSObach1999.pdf [Accessed 2 Apr. 2019].
^ Anon, (2019). [online] Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/6330749_The_Social_Construction_of_Race_Biracial_Identity_and_Vulnerability_to_Stereotypes [Accessed 2 Apr. 2019].
^ Racialequitytools.org. (2019). [online] Available at: http://www.racialequitytools.org/resourcefiles/Western%20States%20-%20Construction%20of%20Race.pdf [Accessed 2 Apr. 2019].
^ Sites.oxy.edu. (2019). [online] Available at: https://sites.oxy.edu/ron/csp19/readings/HaneyLopez-SocialConstructionOfRace.pdf [Accessed 2 Apr. 2019].
^ Cwu.edu. (2019). [online] Available at: https://www.cwu.edu/diversity/sites/cts.cwu.edu.diversity/files/documents/constructingwhiteness.pdf [Accessed 2 Apr. 2019].
^ Scholarcommons.usf.edu. (2019). [online] Available at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=5503&context=etd [Accessed 2 Apr. 2019].
^ Lee et al. 2008: "We caution against making the naive leap to a genetic explanation for group differences in complex traits, especially for human behavioral traits such as IQ scores"
^ ^ AAA 1998: "For example, 'Evidence from the analysis of genetics (e.g., DNA) indicates that most physical variation, about 94%, lies within so-called racial groups. Conventional geographic "racial" groupings differ from one another only in about 6% of their genes. This means that there is greater variation within 'racial' groups than between them.'"
^ ^ Keita, S O Y; Kittles, R A; Royal, C D M; Bonney, G E; Furbert-Harris, P; Dunston, G M; Rotimi, C N (2004). "Conceptualizing human variation". Nature Genetics. 36 (11s): S17–S20. doi:10.1038/ng1455. PMID 15507998. Modern human biological variation is not structured into phylogenetic subspecies ('races'), nor are the taxa of the standard anthropological 'racial' classifications breeding populations. The 'racial taxa' do not meet the phylogenetic criteria. 'Race' denotes socially constructed units as a function of the incorrect usage of the term.
^ ^ Harrison, Guy (2010). Race and Reality. Amherst: Prometheus Books. Race is a poor empirical description of the patterns of difference that we encounter within our species. The billions of humans alive today simply do not fit into neat and tidy biological boxes called races. Science has proven this conclusively. The concept of race (...) is not scientific and goes against what is known about our ever-changing and complex biological diversity.
^ ^ Roberts, Dorothy (2011). Fatal Invention. London, New York: The New Press. The genetic differences that exist among populations are characterized by gradual changes across geographic regions, not sharp, categorical distinctions. Groups of people across the globe have varying frequencies of polymorphic genes, which are genes with any of several differing nucleotide sequences. There is no such thing as a set of genes that belongs exclusively to one group and not to another. The clinal, gradually changing nature of geographic genetic difference is complicated further by the migration and mixing that human groups have engaged in since prehistory. Human beings do not fit the zoological definition of race. A mountain of evidence assembled by historians, anthropologists, and biologists proves that race is not and cannot be a natural division of human beings.
^ ^ Jump up to:a b Lieberman, L.; Kaszycka, K. A.; Martinez Fuentes, A. J.; Yablonsky, L.; Kirk, R. C.; Strkalj, G.; Wang, Q.; Sun, L. (December 2004). "The race concept in six regions: variation without consensus". Coll Antropol. 28 (2): 907–21. PMID 15666627.
^ ^ Keita et al. 2004
^ ^ AAPA 1996 "Pure races, in the sense of genetically homogeneous populations, do not exist in the human species today, nor is there any evidence that they have ever existed in the past." p. 714

[1] Scholarship.law.berkeley.edu. (2019). [online] Available at: https://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2815&context=facpubs [Accessed 2 Apr. 2019].

[2] Pdfs.semanticscholar.org. (2019). [online] Available at: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/829e/b5910cb75e4e81cc9ffda16984487075416f.pdf [Accessed 2 Apr. 2019].

[3] Asanet.org. (2019). [online] Available at: http://www.asanet.org/sites/default/files/savvy/introtosociology/Documents/TSObach1999.pdf [Accessed 2 Apr. 2019].

[4] Anon, (2019). [online] Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/6330749_The_Social_Construction_of_Race_Biracial_Identity_and_Vulnerability_to_Stereotypes [Accessed 2 Apr. 2019].

[5] Racialequitytools.org. (2019). [online] Available at: http://www.racialequitytools.org/resourcefiles/Western%20States%20-%20Construction%20of%20Race.pdf [Accessed 2 Apr. 2019].

[6] Sites.oxy.edu. (2019). [online] Available at: https://sites.oxy.edu/ron/csp19/readings/HaneyLopez-SocialConstructionOfRace.pdf [Accessed 2 Apr. 2019].

[7] Cwu.edu. (2019). [online] Available at: https://www.cwu.edu/diversity/sites/cts.cwu.edu.diversity/files/documents/constructingwhiteness.pdf [Accessed 2 Apr. 2019].

[8] Scholarcommons.usf.edu. (2019). [online] Available at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=5503&context=etd [Accessed 2 Apr. 2019].

[9] Lee et al. 2008: "We caution against making the naive leap to a genetic explanation for group differences in complex traits, especially for human behavioral traits such as IQ scores"

[10] AAA 1998: "For example, 'Evidence from the analysis of genetics (e.g., DNA) indicates that most physical variation, about 94%, lies within so-called racial groups. Conventional geographic "racial" groupings differ from one another only in about 6% of their genes. This means that there is greater variation within 'racial' groups than between them.'"

[11] Keita, S O Y; Kittles, R A; Royal, C D M; Bonney, G E; Furbert-Harris, P; Dunston, G M; Rotimi, C N (2004). "Conceptualizing human variation". Nature Genetics. 36 (11s): S17–S20. doi:10.1038/ng1455. PMID 15507998. Modern human biological variation is not structured into phylogenetic subspecies ('races'), nor are the taxa of the standard anthropological 'racial' classifications breeding populations. The 'racial taxa' do not meet the phylogenetic criteria. 'Race' denotes socially constructed units as a function of the incorrect usage of the term.

[12] Harrison, Guy (2010). Race and Reality. Amherst: Prometheus Books. Race is a poor empirical description of the patterns of difference that we encounter within our species. The billions of humans alive today simply do not fit into neat and tidy biological boxes called races. Science has proven this conclusively. The concept of race (...) is not scientific and goes against what is known about our ever-changing and complex biological diversity.

[13] Roberts, Dorothy (2011). Fatal Invention. London, New York: The New Press. The genetic differences that exist among populations are characterized by gradual changes across geographic regions, not sharp, categorical distinctions. Groups of people across the globe have varying frequencies of polymorphic genes, which are genes with any of several differing nucleotide sequences. There is no such thing as a set of genes that belongs exclusively to one group and not to another. The clinal, gradually changing nature of geographic genetic difference is complicated further by the migration and mixing that human groups have engaged in since prehistory. Human beings do not fit the zoological definition of race. A mountain of evidence assembled by historians, anthropologists, and biologists proves that race is not and cannot be a natural division of human beings.

[14] Jump up to:a b Lieberman, L.; Kaszycka, K. A.; Martinez Fuentes, A. J.; Yablonsky, L.; Kirk, R. C.; Strkalj, G.; Wang, Q.; Sun, L. (December 2004). "The race concept in six regions: variation without consensus". Coll Antropol. 28 (2): 907–21. PMID 15666627.

[15] Keita et al. 2004

[16] AAPA 1996 "Pure races, in the sense of genetically homogeneous populations, do not exist in the human species today, nor is there any evidence that they have ever existed in the past." p. 714

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