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Sylvain Liberman

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Sylvain Liberman (1934[1] – 5 August 1988) was a French physicist, specializing in atomic physics and laser spectroscopy. He is known as the leader of the scientific team that made the first measurements of the optical spectrum of francium.[2][3][4]

Education and career

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Sylvain Liberman received his doctorate in 1971 from Orsay's Paris-Sud University (Paris XI), which in 2020 was replaced by Paris-Saclay University. His dissertation is entitled Études de structures hyperfines et d'effets isotopiques dans les raies laser infrarouges de gaz rares (Studies of hyperfine structures and of isotopic effects generated by infrared lasers in spectrographic lines of noble gases). From 1971 until his death in 1988 he did research for the CNRS in Orsay and at the Laboratoire Aimé-Cotton (LAC).[5][6][7] From 1981 until his death he was director of the Laboratoire Aimé-Cotton (which was jointly operated by the CNRS and the Paris-Sud University).[5]

Liberman was involved in the development of a single-mode pulsed laser with excellent pointing stability. (Pointing stability is a measure (usually in mr or μr) of how much the laser beam position drifts from the target over time.) He and his colleagues developed an ultra-sensitive method for measuring optical resonances using either resonance ionization or deflections of atomic jets extracted from a magneto-optical trap.[2][8] He also made contributions to the understanding of Rydberg states, spontaneous collective decays (superradiance, subradiance)[2][9] and the hyperfine interaction of radioactive atoms, which he and his colleagues investigated at CERN using the ISOLDE facility.[10] He and his colleagues found significant differences in nuclear properties from the study of hyperfine structure when studying isotopic families[2] (such as cesium in the mass range 118 to 145[11] and potassium in the mass range 38 to 47[12]). At CERN, he led the team credited with the first recording of a line of the optical spectrum of francium.[13] Before that, francium was the only element with an atomic number below 100 for which no optical transition had been observed.[14]

In 1985 he received the Prix des trois physiciens.

Selected publications

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Articles

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  • Liberman, Sylvain (1969). "Étude théorique des configurations 5p5(6s + 5d) et 5p 5(6p + 7p) du xénon I et de leur structure hyperfine". Journal de Physique. 30: 53–62. doi:10.1051/jphys:0196900300105300.
  • Tuan, Duong Hong; Liberman, Sylvain; Pinard, Jacques (1976). "Detection and study of Rb I Rydberg states". Optics Communications. 18 (4): 533–535. Bibcode:1976OptCo..18..533T. doi:10.1016/0030-4018(76)90313-8.
  • Liberman, S.; Pinard, J.; Taleb, A. (1983). "Experimental Study of Stimulated Radiative Corrections on an Atomic Rydberg State". Physical Review Letters. 50 (12): 888–891. Bibcode:1983PhRvL..50..888L. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.50.888.
  • Pavolini, D.; Crubellier, A.; Pillet, P.; Cabaret, L.; Liberman, S. (1985). "Experimental Evidence for Subradiance". Physical Review Letters. 54 (17): 1917–1920. Bibcode:1985PhRvL..54.1917P. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.54.1917. PMID 10031175. 1985
  • Crubellier, A.; Liberman, S.; Pavolini, D.; Pillet, P. (1985). "Superradiance and subradiance. I. Interatomic interference and symmetry properties in three-level systems". Journal of Physics B: Atomic and Molecular Physics. 18 (18): 3811–3833. Bibcode:1985JPhB...18.3811C. doi:10.1088/0022-3700/18/18/022. 1985
  • Liberman, Sylvain (1986). "Study of Isotopes Far from the Stability Line by Sylvain Liberman". In Briand, Jean Pierre (ed.). Atoms in Unusual Situations. Nato ASI Series. Vol. 143. pp. 37–53. doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-9337-6_3. ISBN 978-1-4757-9339-0.

Books

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References

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  1. ^ Who's who in Science in Europe: A Biographical Guide in Science, Technology, Agriculture, and Medicine. Longman, Harlow 1989, ISBN 0-582-04717-X, p. 278.
  2. ^ a b c d Jacquinot, Pierre (May 1990). "Obituary. Sylvain Liberman". Physics Today. 43 (5): 99 & 101. doi:10.1063/1.2810574. p. 101 (Page 100 consists of an advertisement.)
  3. ^ Feld, Michael S.; Thomas, John E.; Mooradian, Aram, eds. (2012). "Tribute to Sylvain Liberman by Pierre Jacquinot". Laser spectroscopy IX. Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Laser Spectroscopy; Bretton Woods, New Hampshire; June 18–23, 1989. Elsevier Science. pp. 460–464. ISBN 978-0-323-14695-1. (reprint of 1st edition, Academic Press, 1989)
  4. ^ Liberman, S.; Pinard, J.; Hong, T.D.; Juncar, P.; Vialle, J.L.; Jacquinot, P.; Huber, G.; Touchard, F.; Buttgenbach, S.; Pesnelle, A.; Thibault, C. (1978). "First evidence for an optical transition in francium atoms". Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Série B. 286 (19): 253–255. abstract
  5. ^ a b Jacquinot, P. (August 1991). "Memorial to Sylvain Liberman by Pierre Jacquinot". AIP Conference Proceedings. 233 (1). AIP Publishing: 579–584. doi:10.1063/1.41000. ISSN 0094-243X.
  6. ^ "Laboratoire Aimé Cotton (LAC)". Université Paris-Saclay. 2023-05-16. (See Aimé Cotton.)
  7. ^ "About LAC". LAC. 2021-08-06.
  8. ^ Wohlleben, W.; Chevy, F.; Madison, K.; Dalibard, J. (2001). "An atom faucet". The European Physical Journal D. 15 (2). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 237–244. arXiv:physics/0103085. Bibcode:2001EPJD...15..237W. doi:10.1007/s100530170171. ISSN 1434-6060. arXiv preprint
  9. ^ Feld, Michael (2012). "Tribute to Sylvain Liberman by Pierre Jacquinot". Laser spectroscopy IX. Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Laser Spectroscopy; Bretton Woods, New Hampshire; June 18–23, 1989. Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-323-14695-1. (p. 462)
  10. ^ Feld, Michael (2012). "Tribute to Sylvain Liberman by Pierre Jacquinot". Laser spectroscopy IX. Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Laser Spectroscopy; Bretton Woods, New Hampshire; June 18–23, 1989. Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-323-14695-1. (p. 461)
  11. ^ Thibault, C.; Touchard, F.; Büttgenbach, S.; Klapisch, R.; De Saint Simon, M.; Duong, H.T.; Jacquinot, P.; Juncar, P.; Liberman, S.; Pillet, P.; Pinard, J.; Vialle, J.L.; Pesnelle, A.; Huber, G.; Isolde Collaboration (1981). "Hyperfine structure and isotope shift of the D2 line of 118–145Cs and some of their isomers". Nuclear Physics A. 367 (1): 1–12. Bibcode:1981NuPhA.367....1T. doi:10.1016/0375-9474(81)90274-8.
  12. ^ Touchard, F.; Guimbal, P.; Büttgenbach, S.; Klapisch, R.; De Saint Simon, M.; Serre, J.M.; Thibault, C.; Duong, H.T.; Juncar, P.; Liberman, S.; Pinard, J.; Vialle, J.L. (1982). "Isotope shifts and hyperfine structure of 38–47K by laser spectroscopy". Physics Letters B. 108 (3): 169–171. Bibcode:1982PhLB..108..169T. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(82)91167-4.
  13. ^ Liberman, S. "Lumière sur le francium (Light on francium)". Recherche. 9 (92): 784–785. (The D2 line represents for the 7s – 7p transition and splits into two lines due to hyperfine structure.)
  14. ^ Krige, John (1996). History of CERN. Vol. 3. Elsevier. p. 392.
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