Supranet
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Supranet is a term coined by Gartner at the turn of the 21st century to describe the fusion of the physical and digital worlds.[1]
History
[edit]At its inception in 2000,[2] the term alluded to the ongoing convergence of the Internet, mobile communications, always-on connectivity, sensors, and advanced human-computer interaction. In subsequent elaborations, it was expanded to include electronic tagging (via, for example, RFID), geotagging, and electronic geo-mapping (i.e., mapping internet coordinates to geodetic coordinates), completing the fusion of physical and virtual.[3][4][5]
Paradigm
[edit]Collectively, the publications in which the term was coined, anticipated the following trends, all subsumed under the Supranet heading:
- The increase of miniature intelligent devices, such as microelectromechanical systems or RFID tags, already numbered by the billions in 2001.[6]
- The assignment of an electronic ID to physical objects, specifically manufactured products, to make them uniquely identifiable.
- They were making objects that control or take measurements from the physical world accessible via the internet (the Internet of Things, or IoT).
- Humans, animals, and objects carrying such IoT devices become identifiable by these devices.
- The geographic locations of living beings with IoT devices would become increasingly easy to track.
- The mapping of the surface of the Earth, its features, the locations of internet-capable devices, and the assignment of IP addresses to physical regions on the Earth.
Common Uses in the Real World
[edit]A common example of Supranet is geotagging, as seen in online photo services such as Flickr, Panoramio, or Picasa.
The concept of Supranet has continued to be discussed in the media, in scientific research, and in product development.[7][8][9][10][11][12][13] One example of a large-scale project heavily influenced by the Supranet is Virtual Australia, which is described as "a virtual model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia".[14]
In some of his subsequent works, one of the original Gartner authors[who?] made it clear that there were several precursors to the concept of Supranet, crediting David Gelernter,[15] G.W. Fitzmaurice[16] and J.C. "Supranet"[17] as the pioneers.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Eugene A Hall, Gartner Inc: Profile and Biography". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved 2024-10-24.
- ^ Simon Hayward, Ken Dulaney, Bob Egan, Daryl C. Plummer, Nigel Deighton, Martin Reynolds, "Beyond the Internet: The 'Supranet'", Gartner research report, September 2000
- ^ Paolo Magrassi, Angelo Panarella, Nigel Deighton, Geoff Johnson, "Computers to Acquire Control of the Physical World", Gartner research report T-14-0301, 28 September 2001
- ^ Philip Redman, Jean-Claude Delcroix, Kathy Harris, Rich Mogull, John Monroe, "A Brave Mobile World: Emerging Technologies for Mobility", Gartner research report T-14-0297, 1 October 2001
- ^ Paolo Magrassi, "E-Tags: From Niches to the Supranet", Gartner research report T-14-8198, 11 January 2002
- ^ Chen, L. H.; Jin, S. (December 2003). "Packaging of nanostructured microelectromechanical systems microtriode devices". Journal of Electronic Materials. 32 (12): 1360–1365. Bibcode:2003JEMat..32.1360C. doi:10.1007/s11664-003-0101-7. ISSN 0361-5235.
- ^ W.T. De Vries, "Towards new methodologies of measuring cost efficiency and cost effectiveness of geospatial data infrastructures", 7th International Conference on Global Spatial Data Infrastructure, Bangalore, India, 2–6 February 2004
- ^ T.Skramstad, "Information security and safety – Trends towards 2020", Infosam 2020, Department of Computer and Information Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, April 2004
- ^ Felix Socorro, "Supranet, ¿el próximo paso de la interconexión?", Elearning America Latina, January 2004
- ^ J.Powell, "RFID: Introduction to the Internet of Things (or, All the World Is a Portal)", Learning Technology Research Taskforce, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA, May 2003
- ^ T. Wills, "The Identity of Electronic Devices", DigitalIDWorld, September 2002
- ^ "Основные перспективы развития мобильных устройств (по материалам Gartner Group) - От E-Business до Supranet", КомпьютерПресс, May 2002
- ^ Fancois Morrel, "Nous comblons les manques traditionnels des applications Web", JDNet Solutions, Suresnes (France), 4 March 2002
- ^ B.Thompson, T. On Chan, R. Slee, P. Kinne, A. Jahshan, P.Woodgate, I. Bishop, D. McKenzie, "Know, Think, Communicate — Key Elements of Virtual Australia", Cooperative Research Centre for Spatial Information, Victorian Department of Sustainability and Environment, Victoria (Australia), December, 2005
- ^ Gelernter, D.: "Mirror Worlds: Or the Day Software Puts the Universe in a Shoebox... How It Will Happen and What It Will Mean", Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 1992
- ^ G.W.Fitzmaurice, "Situated Information Spaces and Spatially-Aware Palmtop Computers", Communications of the ACM, 36-7, 1993
- ^ "IBM Research Publications | IBM Research". IBM Research Publications. 2021-02-09. Archived from the original on 2023-11-28. Retrieved 2023-11-28.