Sunjammer (spacecraft)
 Sunjammer as seen from the top of the vacuum chamber where it was tested. | |
| Names | Solar Sail Demonstrator |
|---|---|
| Mission type | Technology demonstration |
| Operator | NASA |
| Website | The Sunjammer Project |
| Spacecraft properties | |
| Manufacturer | LGarde |
| Launch mass | 32 kg (71 lb) |
| Dimensions | 38 m × 38 m (125 ft × 125 ft) |
| Start of mission | |
| Launch date | Canceled (planned for January 2015) |
| Rocket | Falcon 9 |
| Launch site | Cape Canaveral Air Force Station |
| Contractor | SpaceX |
| Orbital parameters | |
| Reference system | Geocentric orbit (planned) |
| Regime | Low Earth orbit |
Sunjammer (Solar Sail Demonstrator) was a NASA mission intended to demonstrate a solar sail constructed by LGarde, but was canceled before launch. The largest solar sail made as of 2013, Sunjammer was named after a 1964 [1] Arthur C. Clarke story of the same name, Sunjammer, in which several solar sails compete in a race to the Moon.[2] Sunjammer was slated to launch in January 2015 as the secondary payload of a SpaceX Falcon 9 launch vehicle, along with the Earth observation satellite DSCOVR.[2] Citing a lack of confidence in its contractor's ability to deliver, the mission was canceled in October 2014.[3]
Spacecraft design
[edit]Constructed of Kapton in order to withstand the extreme temperatures of space, Sunjammer has a width and height of 38 m (125 ft), giving it a total surface area of over 1,200 m2 (13,000 sq ft) and making it the largest solar sail as of 2013.[4] Despite its huge surface area, Sunjammer has a thickness of only 5 μm, giving it an extremely low weight of about 32 kg (71 lb) and allowing it to be stored in a space the size of a dishwasher.[4] Once in space, the large surface area of the solar sail would allow it to achieve a thrust of about 0.01 N[5] and a characteristic acceleration of about 0.25 mm/s2.[6] To control its orientation, and via this its speed and direction, Sunjammer was to use gimballed vanes (each of which is itself a small solar sail) located at the tips of each of its 4 booms, instead of thrusters, eliminating the need for any propellant other than the rays of the Sun.[5]
In addition to being a demonstration craft, Sunjammer was to collect scientific data in its own right. With several instruments to detect various aspects of space weather, Sunjammer could have eventually become part of a larger network of solar sails studying the Sun, allowing for the creation of a more robust early-warning system for space weather.[2]
Mission
[edit]Prior to its cancellation, Sunjammer was slated for launch in January 2015 aboard a Falcon 9 launch vehicle, a slight delay from an earlier projection of November 2014. It was to launch as a secondary payload along with the primary DSCOVR Earth observation and space weather satellite.[2] Within two months of launch the spacecraft was to test various technologies, such as deployment, vector control via altitude vanes, and eventually reaching a location near the Earth-Sun L1 Lagrange point.[4]
Payloads
[edit]Sunjammer was to carry two British space science payloads: the Solar Wind Analyser (SWAN) developed by the Mullard Space Science Laboratory of University College London,[7] and the MAGIC magnetometer developed by the Blackett Laboratory of Imperial College London.[8][9]
Sunjammer was to carry a Celestis Memorial Spaceflight payload of cremated remains.[10]
See also
[edit]
- CubeSail
- CubeSail (UltraSail)
- IKAROS, a Japanese solar sail, launched in May 2010
- LightSail, a controlled solar sail CubeSat to launch in 2018
- NanoSail-D2, the successor to NanoSail-D, launched in November 2010
- Near-Earth Asteroid Scout, a solar sail CubeSat planned to launch in 2022
References
[edit]- ^ "Short Stories". Arthur C. Clarke. Archived from the original on 2 October 2011. Retrieved 14 June 2013.
- ^ a b c d "World's Largest Solar Sail to Launch in November 2014". Space.com. 13 June 2013. Retrieved 14 June 2013.
- ^ Leone, Dan (17 October 2014). "NASA Nixes Sunjammer Mission, Cites Integration, Schedule Risk". SpaceNews. Archived from the original on 18 October 2014.
- ^ a b c David, Leonard (31 January 2013). "World's Largest Solar Sail to Launch in November 2014". Space.com. Retrieved 15 June 2013.
- ^ a b "Solar Sail Demonstration (The Sunjammer Project)". Technology Demonstration Missions. NASA. 16 December 2011. Retrieved 15 June 2013.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ Barnes, Nathan C.; Derbes, William C.; Player, Charles J.; Diedrich, Benjamin L. (2014), Macdonald, Malcolm (ed.), "Sunjammer: A Solar Sail Demonstration", Advances in Solar Sailing, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 115–126, doi:10.1007/978-3-642-34907-2_8, hdl:2060/20120015305, ISBN 978-3-642-34906-5, retrieved 1 January 2023
- ^ "Sunjammer team to present latest solar sail technology". Archived from the original on 13 December 2013. Retrieved 8 August 2013.
- ^ "Dr. Jonathan Eastwood, Imperial College London". Archived from the original on 16 May 2014. Retrieved 8 August 2013.
- ^ Sunjammer spacecraft to 'sail' towards the sun - Telegraph
- ^ "SUNJAMMER MISSION PARTNERS ANNOUNCED for GIANT NASA SOLAR SAIL LAUNCH" (PDF). sunjammermission.com Press Release. 4 June 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 September 2013.
External links
[edit]- Sunjammer Solar Sail Mission Sunjammermission.com web site
- Sunjammer Archived 2 August 2013 at the Wayback Machine L'Garde Inc. Sunjammer page
- Solar Sail Demonstration (The Sunjammer Project) NASA Sunjammer Mission page
- The Sunjammer Solar Sail: Making Your Loved One Part of Space History Celestis Sunjammer page
- Sunjammer Space and Atmospheric Physics Group, Imperial College London