Studebaker Big Six

Studebaker Big Six
Studebaker Big Six
	1920 advertisement for the Studebaker Big Six touring car
Overview
Manufacturer	Studebaker
Model years	1918–1927
Assembly	Studebaker Automotive Plant, South Bend, Indiana, United States; Studebaker Automotive Plant, Detroit, Michigan, United States
Body and chassis
Class	full-size
Layout	Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive
Chronology
Successor	Studebaker President

The Studebaker Big Six was an automobile produced by the Studebaker Corporation of South Bend, Indiana between 1918 and 1926, being designated the Model EG (1918–21), the EK (1922–24) and the EP (1925–26); its name was due to the 127" wheelbase in comparison to the Studebaker Special Six at 120".^[1] In 1927, it was renamed the President (ES) pending introduction of a smaller and smoother straight-eight engine for new top-of-the-range models after January 1928.^[2]

Early models

All Studebaker models for 1918 represented an important milestone for the automaker because they represented a clean break from the legacy of E-M-F Studebaker had been producing.^[3]

Between 1918 and 1920, the Big Six was offered only as a four-door touring car, the most popular body style for automobiles at the time.^[3] As the price of enclosed cars came down and consumers discovered the benefits of closed and semi-closed passenger compartments, a wider variety of body styles was made available beginning with the 1921 model year. By 1926, the Big Six was available in a variety of body styles, including a dual-cowl Phaeton and a Berline (sedan).^[3]

1918 and 1919 Big Sixes were powered by Studebaker's 354 in³ (5.8-liter) Straight-6 engine, which produced 60 bhp (45 kW) at 2000 rpm.^[3] By 1926, the engine was delivering 75 bhp (56 kW) at 2400 rpm. The car's wheelbase was varied between 1918 120 in (3,048 mm) and 1926 when the car was available in either short 120 in (3,048 mm) or long 127 in (3,226 mm) wheelbases.^[3]

Studebaker's EK Big Six was popular with rum runners, for its large size and ability to reach up to 80 mph (130 km/h); its C$3000 price was not a deterrent.^[4]

1920s production

In the 1920s, twelve of the fourteen Arizona counties issued Studebakers to their sheriffs, because of their reputation for power, reliability, and ability to withstand hard use and bad roads. In 1925, the company published a pamphlet about the Arizona sheriffs' Studebakers, and named their Big Six Sport Phaeton model the Sheriff. One of the Arizona sheriffs' Big Six cars has been restored, and is on display at the Arizona Historical Society museum in Tucson.^[5]

At the 1924 New York Auto Show, Studebaker featured a 1918 Big Six that had a verified odometer reading of over 500,000 miles (800,000 km), as a testament to the longevity and durability of Studebaker vehicles.

Big Six President

In 1927, the model gained the transitional model name Big Six President as Studebaker began the process of converting all of its model names away from engine-type-based, and towards the more evocative Dictator (Standard Six) and Commander (Special Six). In the case of the Big Six President, 1928 would mark the introduction of Studebaker's famed 313-in³ Straight-8 which developed 100 bhp (75 kW) at 2600 rpm. The larger straight-six engine was utilised in the GB Commander before being replaced with a 248-in³ engine in 1929, marking the end of the line for the famous Big Six.

These sixes were the last descendants of rugged cars designed for poor roads in the early 20th century—loaded with torque and massively strong in construction. They were not suited to the higher cruising speeds which were made possible by better roads in later years.^[6]

Standard Big Six Sedan specifications (1926 data)

Color - Studebaker blue with black upper structure
Seating capacity – Seven
Wheelbase - 127 inches (3,226 mm)
Wheels - Wood
Tires - 34 in × 7.30 in (864 mm × 185 mm) balloon
Service brakes - contracting on rear
Emergency brakes - contracting drum on rear of transmission
Engine - Six cylinder, vertical, cast en bloc, 3.875 by 5 inches (98.4 mm × 127.0 mm); head removable; valves in side; 36 hp (27 kW; 36 PS) NACC rating

Lubrication - Force feed^{[clarification needed]}
Crankshaft - Four bearing^{[clarification needed]}
Radiator – Tubular
Cooling – Water pump
Ignition –Battery
Starting system – Two unit^{[clarification needed]}
Voltage – Six to eight
Wiring – Single^{[clarification needed]}
Fuel feed – Vacuum^{[clarification needed]}
Clutch – Dry plate, single disc
Transmission –3-speed manual (3 forward, 1 reverse)) sliding
Final drive – Spiral bevel gear
Rear springs – Semi-elliptic
Rear axle – Semi-floating
Steering gear – Worm and roller

Standard equipment

New car price included the following items:

Boyce MotoMeter^{[clarification needed]}
automatic windshield cleaner
shock absorbers
inspection lamp and cord
bumpers front and rear
spare tire
rear view mirror
headlight dimmer
thief-proof lock

clock
smoking case
vanity case
dome light and corner lights

Optional equipment

The following was available in new models at an extra cost:

Hydraulic four-wheel brakes with disc wheels
Spare wheel

Sources

Slauson, H. W.; Howard Greene (1926). ""Leading American Motor Cars"". Everyman's Guide to Motor Efficiency. New York: Leslie-Judge Company.

References

^ Model data at Studebaker Drivers' Club website
^ Maurice D. Hendry Studebaker: One can do a lot of remembering at South Bend in Automobile Quarterly, Vol X, No 3, 1972, p. 239
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Kimes, Beverly (1996). Standard catalog of American Cars 1805–1942 (third ed.). Krause publications. pp. 1409–1440. ISBN 0-87341-478-0.
^ Windsor Public Library online (retrieved 13 June 2017)
^ History of Pima County Sheriff's Department Archived 2008-05-15 at the Wayback Machine
^ Maurice D. Hendry Studebaker: One can do a lot of remembering at South Bend in Automobile Quarterly, Vol X, No 3, 1972, p. 259

Maloney, James H. (1994). Studebaker Cars. Crestline Books. ISBN 0-87938-884-6.

External links

Media related to Studebaker Big Six at Wikimedia Commons

[1] Model data at Studebaker Drivers' Club website

[2] Maurice D. Hendry Studebaker: One can do a lot of remembering at South Bend in Automobile Quarterly, Vol X, No 3, 1972, p. 239

[kimes1996-3] Kimes, Beverly (1996). Standard catalog of American Cars 1805–1942 (third ed.). Krause publications. pp. 1409–1440. ISBN 0-87341-478-0.

[4] Windsor Public Library online (retrieved 13 June 2017)

[5] History of Pima County Sheriff's Department Archived 2008-05-15 at the Wayback Machine

[6] Maurice D. Hendry Studebaker: One can do a lot of remembering at South Bend in Automobile Quarterly, Vol X, No 3, 1972, p. 259

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