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St. Vincent Declaration

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The St. Vincent Declaration is a set of goals for the health care of people with diabetes mellitus published as the product of an international conference held in St. Vincent, Italy, on 10–12 October 1989.[1]

History

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Representatives of government health departments and patients' organizations from all European countries met with diabetes experts under the aegis of the World Health Organization (WHO) Europe and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) Europe. General standards for diabetes care were agreed on, as well as plans for improving care in participating countries toward the goals. Twenty years later, in 2009, it was stated in an editorial in the British Journal of Diabetes and Vascular Disease that 'despite the progress made following the St. Vincent Declaration and the UN Resolution, significant gaps still exist and urgent action is needed to stem this rising epidemic'.[2]

The St Vincent Declaration has inspired other regional partnerships between the IDF and WHO,[3] especially in response to the emerging pandemic of type 2 diabetes:[4][5][6] the Declaration of the Americas or DOTA (1996), the Western Pacific Declaration on Diabetes (WPDD 2000), and the Declaration and Diabetes Strategy for Sub-Saharan Africa (2006). Taken collectively, these partnerships are of additional interest because, given the participation of several biomedical industry entities as co-signatories and financial contributors, they were a precursor and provided valuable learning for today’s many international and global health and development partnerships. Perhaps most importantly, these initiatives fostered the development of national diabetes programs in their respective regions.[7] Significantly, they were also accompanied by action plans with varying levels of complexity, for example, for the WPDD this included commitment to planning, monitoring and evaluation.[8]

The Declaration put forward a set of programmatic targets to which all member counties would aspire,[9] and significant successes have been documented: for example, in 2006 it was reported that the St. Vincent Declaration target of reducing diabetes related blindness by one third appears to have been achieved in the Warmia and Mazury regions of Poland.[10] Such progress has been supported by the development of DIABCARE (and its analogue QUALIDIAB as it is known in French and Spanish), an integrated information system to monitor diabetes care, according to the “gold standards” of the St Vincent Declaration Action Program. The first platform of its type for medical quality evaluation across Europe, then emulated in the Americas,[11] it has served as a model for other chronic noncommunicable diseases and for other WHO regions.[12] For example, this approach has been applied more recently in several Asian countries, including South Korea, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, and India.[13][14][15][16][17] Similar work has emerged from Nigeria.[18] In Sweden, a National Diabetes Registry established in response to the St Vincent Declaration, continues to provide a tool for continuous quality assurance in diabetes care: a 2014 report notes that the original purpose, to monitor the results of performance of health centres from year to year and to compare these with national and regional means, is still the most important one, while follow-up of guidelines, treatments and complications are as important at a national level.[19]

The St Vincent’s, Western Pacific and Africa initiatives remain fully in force, but DOTA was discontinued as a joint venture of PAHO/WHO and IDF after two 5 year planning and implementation periods.[20] Since then, PAHO has built instead on the CARMEN network of integrated national NCD initiatives, conceived in 1995[21] and implemented in 1997,[22] and the Pan American Forum for Action on NCDs (PAFNCDs), launched in 2009. Both initiatives include diabetes in a set of major non-communicable diseases.[23][24] Its discontinuance by PAHO notwithstanding, monitoring and evaluation of DOTA found that it met its short term targets in most countries: preparation of national estimates of disease burden, development and implementation of national strategies and plans to deal with diabetes, and recognition of diabetes as a public health problem. Useful lessons emerged: the relevance of process-related targets to achieve short to medium term success; the value of broadly based participation in gaining recognition of a major cause of disease burden at national health policy level; wide acceptance of an integrated program model; and the critical role of having a Ministry staff member designated in each country as a managerial focal point.[25] The initiative stimulated development of national guidelines to improve clinical management, diabetes education and nutrition, the defining of minimum acceptable standards of care, enhanced regional training and information sharing, and the implementation in several countries of a quality of care management system.[26]

In 2012, the International Diabetes Federation released the 5th edition of the IDF Diabetes Atlas. In this it is noted that estimates published in the 4th edition were instrumental in providing the evidence to drive the unanimous adoption of the resolution for the September 2011 UN High-level Meeting on non-communicable diseases. In the 5th edition, the estimated number of adults living with diabetes is given as 366 million, representing 8.3% of the global adult population. This number is projected to increase to 552 million people by 2030, or 9.9% of adults. These estimates are considerably higher than those reported in the 4th edition, largely due to new data from China, the Middle East, and Africa.[27]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ The Saint Vincent Declaration on diabetes care and research in Europe. Acta diabetologia. 1989, 10 (Suppl) 143-144.
  2. ^ Felton Anne-Marie, Hall Michael S (2009). "Diabetes - from St. Vincent to Glasgow, Have we progressed in 20 years ?". British Journal of Diabetes and Vascular Disease. 9 (4): 142–44. doi:10.1177/1474651409341318.
  3. ^ King H (1999). "WHO and the International Diabetes Federation: Regional Partners". Bull World Health Organ. 77 (12): 954. PMC 2557774. PMID 10680241.
  4. ^ King H, Rewers M (Jan 1993). "Global estimates for prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in adults. WHO Ad Hoc Diabetes Reporting Group". Diabetes Care. 16 (1): 157–77. doi:10.2337/diacare.16.1.157. PMID 8123057. S2CID 38239691.
  5. ^ Amos AF, McCarty DJ, Zimmet P (1997). "The rising global burden of diabetes and its complications: estimates and projections to the year 2010". Diabet Med. 14 (Suppl 5): S1–85. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-9136(199712)14:5+<S7::AID-DIA522>3.0.CO;2-R. PMID 9450510.
  6. ^ King H, Aubert RF, Herman WH (1998). "Global burden of diabetes, 1995-2025". Diabetes Care. 21 (9): 1414–1431. doi:10.2337/diacare.21.9.1414. PMID 9727886. S2CID 41600108.
  7. ^ Colagiuri R, Short R, Buckley A (2010). "The status of national diabetes programmes: A global survey of IDF member associations". Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. 87 (2): 137–142. doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2009.10.005. PMID 19914727.
  8. ^ Action Plan for the Western Pacific Declaration on Diabetes: From Evidence to Action. http://www.idf.org/webdata/docs/WPDD_PoA_2010.pdf
  9. ^ Krans HMJ, Porta M, Keen H. Diabetes care and research in Europe: the St Vincent Declaration action programme implementation document. Copenhagen, WHO Regional Office for Europe, 1992.
  10. ^ Bandurska-Stankiewicz E., Wiatr D. (2006). "Diabetic blindness significantly reduced in the Warmia and Mazury regions of Poland: Saint Vincent Declarations target achieved". British Journal of Ophthalmology. 16 (5): 722–7. doi:10.1177/112067210601600510. PMID 17061224. S2CID 33156014.
  11. ^ Gagliardino JJ, Hera M, Siri F (2001). "Evaluación de la calidad de la asistencia al paciente diabético en América Latina". Rev Panam Salud Publica. 10 (5): 309–317. doi:10.1590/S1020-49892001001100003. PMID 11774802.
  12. ^ Piwernetz K (2001). "DIABCARE Quality Network in Europe - a model for quality management in chronic diseases". Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 16 (Suppl 3): S5–13. doi:10.1097/00004850-200104003-00002. PMID 11459330.
  13. ^ Rhee SY, Kim YS, Oh S, Choi WH, Park JE, Jeong WJ (2005). "Diabcare Asia 2001-Korea country report on outcome data and analysis". Korean J Intern Med. 20 (1): 48–54. doi:10.3904/kjim.2005.20.1.48. PMC 3891412. PMID 15906953.
  14. ^ Likitmaskul S, Wacharasindhu S, Rawdaree P, Ngarmukos C, Deerochanawong C, Suwanwalaikorn S, Chetthakul T, Bunnag P, Kosachunhanun N, Plengvidhaya N, Leelawatana R, Krittiyawong S, Benjasuratwong Y, Pratipanawatr T (Aug 2006). "Thailand diabetes registry project: type of diabetes, glycemic control and prevalence of microvascularcomplications in children and adolescents with diabetes". J Med Assoc Thai. 89 (Suppl 1): S10–6.
  15. ^ Soewondo P, Soegondo S, Suastika K, Pranoto A, Soeatmadji DW, Tjokroprawiro A (2010). "The DiabCare Asia 2008 study – Outcomes on control and complications of type 2 diabetic patients in Indonesia". Med J Indonesia. 19 (4): 235–44. doi:10.13181/mji.v19i4.412.
  16. ^ Mafauzy M, Hussein Z, Chan SP (Aug 2011). "The status of diabetes control in Malaysia: results of DiabCare 2008". Med J Malaysia. 66 (3): 175–81. PMID 22111435.
  17. ^ Mohan V, Shah SN, Joshi SR, Seshiah V, Sahay BK, Banerjee S, Wangnoo SK, Kumar A, Kalra S, Unnikrishnan A G, Sharma SK, Rao P V, Akhtar S, Shetty RV, Das AK, "On Behalf of the DiabCare India 2011 Study Group. Current status of management, control, complications and psychosocial aspects of patients with diabetes in India: Results from the DiabCare India 2011 Study. Indian J Endocr Metab http://www.ijem.in/preprintarticle.asp?id=129715
  18. ^ Chinenye S, Uloko AE, Ogbera AO, Ofoegbu EN, Fasanmade OA, Fasanmade AA, Ogbu OO (2012). "Profile of Nigerians with diabetes mellitus - Diabcare Nigeria study group (2008) Results of a multicenter study". Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 16 (4): 558–564. doi:10.4103/2230-8210.98011. PMC 3401756. PMID 22837916.
  19. ^ Eliasson B, Gudbjornsdotirr S (2014). "Diabetes care -- improvement through measurement". Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 106 (Suppl 2): S291–4. doi:10.1016/S0168-8227(14)70732-6. PMID 25550056.
  20. ^ White, Franklin; Stallones, Lorann; Last, John M. (2013). Global Public Health: Ecological Foundations. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-975190-7.
  21. ^ White F (2001). "Developing effective and affordable models for noncommunicable disease prevention and control". Int J Epidemiol. 30 (6): 1494–5. doi:10.1093/ije/30.6.1494. PMID 11821370.
  22. ^ Peruga A. Conjunto de Acciones para la Reducion Multifactorial de las Enfermedades non Transmissibles. In: Worldwide Efforts to Improve Heart Health: a follow up to the Catalonia Declaration selected program descriptions. Washington: US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Health Promotion, June 1997.
  23. ^ Pan American Health Organization – CARMEN. http://new.paho.org/carmen/
  24. ^ Pan American Forum for Action on NCDs (PAFNCDs). http://new.paho.org/panamericanforum/
  25. ^ White F, Nanan D (1999). "Status of national diabetes programmes in the Americas". Bull World Health Organ. 77 (12): 981–987. PMC 2557777. PMID 10680245.
  26. ^ Barcelo A, Vovides Y (2001). "The Pan American Health Organization and World Diabetes Day". Rev Panam Salud Publica. 10 (5): 297–299. doi:10.1590/s1020-49892001001100001. PMID 11774800.
  27. ^ International Diabetes Atlas 4th edition. International Diabetes Federation (IDF). 2012.
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