Spanish ironclad Méndez Núñez
 Mendez Nuñez at anchor
| |
| History | |
|---|---|
.svg){kind=small} Spain | |
| Name | Méndez Núñez |
| Namesake | Admiral Casto Méndez Núñez |
| Builder | Reales Astilleros de Esteiro, Ferrol |
| Laid down | 22 September 1859 as frigate Resolución |
| Launched | 19 September 1861 |
| Completed | 28 August 1862 |
| Recommissioned | February 1870 |
| Renamed | Méndez Núñez, 21 August 1870 |
| Refit | 1867–1870 |
| Stricken | 1886 |
| Fate | Scrapped, 1896 |
| General characteristics (as reconstructed) | |
| Type | Central-battery ironclad |
| Displacement | 3,382 long tons (3,436 t) |
| Length | 236 ft 2 in (71.98 m) |
| Beam | 49 ft 3 in (15.01 m) |
| Draft | 21 ft 11 in (6.7 m) |
| Installed power | |
| Propulsion | 1 shaft, compound-expansion steam engine |
| Sail plan | Ship rig |
| Speed | about 8 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph) |
| Complement | 417 |
| Armament |
|
| Armor | |
The Spanish ironclad Méndez Núñez was a wooden-hulled armored corvette converted from the 38-gun, steam-powered frigate Resolución during the 1860s after the ship was badly damaged during the Chincha Islands War of 1864–1866. She was captured by rebels during the Cantonal Revolution in 1873 and participated in the Battle off Cartagena before she was returned to government control after Cartagena surrendered in early 1874. The ship was stricken from the Navy List in 1886 and broken up ten years later.
Description as an ironclad
[edit]Méndez Núñez was 236 feet 3 inches (72.0 m) long at the waterline, had a beam of 49 feet 4 inches (15.0 m) and a mean draft of 21 feet 11 inches (6.7 m). The ship displaced 3,382 long tons (3,436 t). She had a single compound-expansion steam engine that drove her propeller using steam provided by four boilers. The engine was designed to produce a total of 2,250 indicated horsepower (1,680 kW) which gave the ship a speed of 8 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph).[1] For long-distance travel, Méndez Núñez was fitted with three masts and ship rigged. She carried 400 long tons (410 t) of coal.[2]
The ship was armed with four Armstrong 9-inch (229 mm) and two 8-inch (203 mm) rifled muzzle-loading guns. The ship was a central-battery ironclad with the armament concentrated amidships. Her wrought-iron armor covered most of the ship's hull and was five inches (127 mm) thick.[3]
Construction and career
[edit]Resolución was laid down on 22 September 1859 by the Reales Astilleros de Esteiro in Ferrol and launched on 19 September 1861. Completed on 28 April 1862, the ship played a major role in the Chincha Islands War. Resolución participated in various military operations such as the blockade of the Chilean coast (Action of 17 November 1865), the Bombardment of Valparaíso and the Battle of Callao. She was badly damaged during the war and was rebuilt into an armored corvette in 1867–1870. Completed in February 1870, the ship was renamed Méndez Núñez, after Admiral Casto Méndez Núñez, on 21 August 1870.[4] The ship was assigned to the Mediterranean Squadron after completion.[5]
In mid-1873, the First Spanish Republic was beset with the Cantonal Revolution while fighting the Third Carlist War. The revolutionaries seized Cartagena on 12 July while the bulk of the Mediterranean Squadron was in port. This included the armored frigates Vitoria, Numancia, and Tetuan, in addition to Méndez Núñez. The German and British ironclads SMS Friedrich Carl and HMS Swiftsure seized Vitoria and a wooden steam frigate as pirates after they threatened to bombard Almeria unless a ransom was paid and later turned them over the national government on 26 September.[6] On 8 August,[7] Méndez Núñez ran aground whilst attempting to recapture Numancia and Vitoria.[8] Numancia and Méndez Núñez later attacked coastal fortifications defending Alicante and were lightly damaged. On 11 October, all three Cantonist ironclads, Numancia, Tetuan, and Méndez Núñez were at sea when they were attacked near Cartagena by a small government fleet led by Vitoria. Reluctant to actually sink the rebel ships, the government ships kept their distance and thwarted rebel attempt to close with them. The latter suffered 13 dead and 49 wounded in the skirmish.[6] On 13 October, Méndez Nuñez was reported to have run aground whilst leaving Cartagena in company with Numancia and Tetuan. She was refloated.[9] The government blockaded Cartagena on 23 October and the city surrendered on 12–13 January 1874.[6]
Méndez Núñez was stricken in 1886 and scrapped in 1896.[4]
Footnotes
[edit]- ^ Silverstone, p. 388
- ^ "Spanish Ironclads Tetuan, Mendes Nunes and Arapiles", p. 408
- ^ Gardiner, p. 381
- ^ a b Silverstone, pp. 393–394
- ^ Greene & Massignani, p. 278
- ^ a b c Greene & Massignani, pp. 278–281
- ^ "Belfast, Monday, Aug.11 1873". Belfast News-Letter. No. 55714. Belfast. 11 August 1873.
- ^ "The Republican Insurgents". The Times. No. 27765. London. 11 August 1873. col A-B, p. 5.
- ^ "Naval Operations off Cartagena. Dismissal of Admiral Lobo". Daily News. No. 8573. London. 17 October 1873.
References
[edit]- Adamson, Robert E. & de St. Hubert, Christian (1991). "Question 12/89". Warship International. XXVIII (2): 199–205. ISSN 0043-0374.
- Brassey, Thomas (1888). The Naval Annual 1887. Portsmouth, England: J. Griffin. OCLC 669097244.
- Greene, Jack & Massignani, Alessandro (1998). Ironclads at War: The Origin and Development of the Armored Warship, 1854–1891. Conshohocken, Pennsylvania: Combined Publishing. ISBN 978-0-938289-58-6.
- Jones, Colin (2011). "Battle at Valparaíso". In Jordan, John (ed.). Warship 2011. London: Conway. pp. 94–101. ISBN 978-1-84486-133-0.
- Lyon, Hugh (1979). "Spain". In Gardiner, Robert (ed.). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905. Greenwich: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 380–386. ISBN 0-8317-0302-4.
- de Saint Hubert, Christian (1984). "Early Spanish Steam Warships, Part II". Warship International. XXI (1): 21–45. ISSN 0043-0374.
- Silverstone, Paul H. (1984). Directory of the World's Capital Ships. New York: Hippocrene Books. ISBN 0-88254-979-0.
- "Spanish Ironclads Tetuan, Mendes Nunes and Arapiles". Warship International. XI (2): 407–408. 1974. ISSN 0043-0374.