Sonolite
| Sonolite | |
|---|---|
 Sonolite (in bottom left corner) with zincite and manganosite | |
| General | |
| Category | Silicate minerals |
| Formula (repeating unit) | Mn9(SiO4)4(OH,F)2 |
| IMA symbol | Snl[1] |
| Strunz classification | 9.AF.55 |
| Dana classification | 52.3.2d.3 |
| Crystal system | Monoclinic |
| Crystal class | Prismatic (2/m) (same H-M symbol) |
| Space group | P21/b[2] |
| Unit cell | a = 4.87 Å, b = 10.66 Å c = 14.28 Å β = 100.3°, Z = 2[2] |
| Identification | |
| Color | Red-orange, pinkish brown to dark brown Colorless in thin section[2] |
| Twinning | Common, singular or lamellar on {101}[2] |
| Mohs scale hardness | 5.5 |
| Luster | Vitreous, dull |
| Diaphaneity | Transparent to translucent[3] |
| Density | 3.82–4.00 (measured)[2] |
| Optical properties | Biaxial (−) |
| Refractive index | nα = 1.765 nβ = 1.778 nγ = 1.787 |
| Birefringence | δ = 0.022 |
| 2V angle | 75° to 82° (measured) |
| Dispersion | r > v[2] |
| References | [4] |
Sonolite is a mineral with formula Mn9(SiO4)4(OH,F)2. The mineral was discovered in 1960 in the Sono mine in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. In 1963, it was identified as a new mineral and named after the Sono mine.
Description
[edit]Sonolite is transparent to translucent[3] and is red-orange, pinkish brown to dark brown in color and colorless in thin sections. The mineral has a granular habit or occurs as prismatic to anhedral crystals up to 2.5 cm (0.98 in).[2] Sonolite is the manganese analogue of clinohumite,[5] a dimorph of jerrygibbsite,[2] and a member of the humite group.[4]
The mineral occurs in metamorphosed manganese-rich deposits. Sonolite has been found in association with calcite, chlorite, franklinite, galaxite, manganosite, pyrochroite, rhodochrosite, tephroite, willemite, and zincite.[2]
History
[edit]In 1960, Mayumi Yoshinaga was investigating alleghanyite and other manganese orthosilicates in Japan. He discovered a dull, red-brown mineral on the first level ore body of the Sono Mine, and later from a number of other sites.[5] Using samples from ten locations in Japan and one in Taiwan, the mineral was described in 1963 and identified as a new mineral species.[6] It was named sonolite after the mine in which it was first found and the name was approved by the International Mineralogical Association.[4][5]
Distribution
[edit]As of 2012[update], sonolite has been found in Austria, France, Japan, Kyrgyzstan, Romania, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, and the United States.[4] The type material is held at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, US.[2]
References
[edit]- ^ Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. S2CID 235729616.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Sonolite" (PDF). Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineral Data Publishing. Retrieved June 20, 2012.
- ^ a b "Sonolite". Webmineral. Retrieved June 20, 2012.
- ^ a b c d "Sonolite". Mindat. Retrieved June 20, 2012.
- ^ a b c Yoshinaga 1963, p. 1.
- ^ Yoshinaga 1963, pp. 1–2.
Bibliography
[edit]- Yoshinaga, Mayumi (January 25, 1963). "Sonolite, a New Manganese Silicate Mineral" (PDF). Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University. 14 (1): 1–21. Retrieved June 20, 2012.
Further reading
[edit]- Cook, David (September–October 1969). "Sonolite, Alleghanyite and Leucophoenicite from New Jersey" (PDF). American Mineralogist. 54 (9 & 10): 1392–1398.
External links
[edit]
Media related to Sonolite at Wikimedia Commons