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Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 2011)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the current political party in Brazil. For the historic political party with the same name, see Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 1945–65). For other parties with similar names, see Social Democratic Party.
Social Democratic Party
Partido Social Democrático
PresidentGilberto Kassab
FounderGilberto Kassab
Founded21 March 2011 (2011-03-21)
Split fromDemocrats (mainly)
Membership411,608[1]
IdeologyConservative liberalism
Christian democracy
Liberal conservatism
Political positionCentre-right
Colours    Blue, green, and yellow
TSE Identification Number55
Chamber of Deputies
42 / 513
Federal Senate
16 / 81
City Councillors
5,694 / 56,810
Website
psd.org.br

The Social Democratic Party (Portuguese: Partido Social Democrático, PSD) is a political party in Brazil led by Gilberto Kassab and uniting dissidents from various political parties, especially the Democrats, Brazilian Social Democracy Party and Party of National Mobilization.[2]

The party has become a major force for centrism in Brazil and commonly unites with both left-wing and right-wing parties. In this way, the party managed to have members occupying positions in ministries and important secretariats in the governments of presidents Dilma Rousseff, Michel Temer, Jair Bolsonaro, and Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. As such, PSD has been considered by political scientists as a big tent party,[3] which is part of the Centrão.[4] Until March 2021, PSD congressmen had on average more than 90% alignment with the Bolsonaro government in terms of votes in the National Congress.[5]

History

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The party, founded in 2011 by São Paulo mayor Gilberto Kassab, was criticized by members of the opposition political parties, primarily the Democrats (DEM), as supporting the government. Many Democrats members accused the PSD of being created by Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva to destroy the DEM and deliver on a promise made to Workers' Party (PT) supporters to "exterminate the DEM from the Brazilian political scenario".[6] The party was criticized for having a vague program, making references to economic freedom, political reform and welfare, and being hard to differentiate from other political parties except those on the hard left. According to Kassab, "We are neither a right-wing party nor a left-wing nor a centrist party".[7]

In many Brazilian states, the PSD took a liberal stance on economics and had good election results. The party has good relationships with major political parties such as the social democratic Brazilian Socialist Party, the national conservative Progressive Party, the centrist Brazilian Labour Party, the Christian democratic Brazilian Republican Party and the progressive Citizenship. Since its inception, the party has been associated with fusions with other parties, primarily the PP and PSB. It has endured on the Brazilian political scene, and has more representation than any political party other than the major ones. The party chaired the Finance Ministry of Brazil in Michel Temer's government, and is a major force in Brazilian politics.

However, in the state of Bahia, the party is a long-term partner of the major left-wing Workers' Party, having the running mate in the gubernatorial tickets of Rui Costa and each party supporting the other in the senate elections, with Otto Alencar and Angelo Coronel being the senators of Bahia together with the Petista Jaques Wagner

The PSD supported the impeachment of Dilma Rousseff.[8]

PSD elected several senators and some governors in the Brazilian Centro-Sul region in 2018, with the support of Jair Bolsonaro.

Ideology

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Soon after its foundation, the national president of the party, Gilberto Kassab (SP), stated: "It will not be on the right, it will not be on the left, nor on the center". The foundational purpose of the PSD is the satisfaction of the interests of the lower class that had risen to the middle class position during the Workers' Party governments.[9] The then-vice-president of the party, Guilherme Affif Domingos (SP) wrote a document with 12 party commitments, among them:

  1. National Development
  2. Liberty
  3. Democracy and Regional Representation
  4. The Right to Security of Property
  5. Equal Opportunities
  6. Sustainability and Technological Innovation
  7. Accountability and Fiscal Responsibility
  8. Freedom of the Press
  9. Free Association
  10. Decentralization and Federalism
  11. Free Trade and Defense of Traditional Values
  12. Individual Freedom and Responsibility[10][11]

However, according to political scientist Rui Maluf, the absence of specific programmatic content reveals that the PSD has a typically catch-all organizational nature and that its foundation reflects the dissatisfaction of its staff with previous parties, mostly from the Democratas party.[3]

Notable members

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Election results

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Presidential elections

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Year Candidate for President Candidate for Vice-President Coalition Percentage Result
2014
Dilma Rousseff

PT

Michel Temer

MDB

With the Power of the People

(PT, PMDB, PSD, PP, PL,

PROS, PDT, PCdoB and PRB)

54,501,118

(51.64%)

Elected

2nd Round

2018
Geraldo Alckmin

PSDB

Ana Amélia Lemos

PP

To Unite Brazil

(PSDB, PP, PTB, PSD, PRB,

PL, DEM, Solidarity and PPS)

5,096,350

(4,76%)

Lost

4th in 1st Round

Legislative elections

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Election Chamber of Deputies Federal Senate Role in government
Votes % Seats +/– Votes % Seats +/–
2014 5,967,953 6.14%
36 / 513
 New 7,147,245 8.00%
3 / 81
 New Coalition
2018 5,749,008 5.85%
34 / 513
 Decrease 2 8,202,342 4.79%
7 / 81
 Increase 4 Coalition
2022 8,322,183 7,55%
42 / 513
 Increase 8 11,312,512 11.12%
10 / 81
 Increase 3 Coalition (2022–2023)
Independent (2023–2024)
Coalition (2024–)
Sources: Election Resources, Dados Eleitorais do Brasil (1982–2006)

References

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  1. ^ "Eleitores filiados". Archived from the original on 2018-11-03. Retrieved 2016-04-17.
  2. ^ "Kassab funda PSD com promessa de apoio a Dilma". Folha de S. Paulo. April 14, 2011.
  3. ^ a b "PSD: um novo velho partido". VEJA (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2022-10-20.
  4. ^ Marés, Chico. ""Centrão" renasce na Câmara como a maior força do parlamento". Gazeta do Povo (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2022-10-22.
  5. ^ "Radar do Congresso". radar.congressoemfoco.com.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2022-09-18.
  6. ^ "'Precisamos extirpar o DEM da política brasileira', afirma Lula". Eleições 2010 (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2010-09-13. Retrieved 2018-10-11.
  7. ^ "Kassab: PSD não será "nem esquerda, direita ou centro" - Política". Estadão.
  8. ^ "Dois senadores do PR votaram contra impeachment". Correio do Lago (in Portuguese). 12 May 2016. Archived from the original on 10 May 2017. Retrieved 5 November 2017.
  9. ^ "PSD: um novo velho partido". VEJA (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2022-09-18.
  10. ^ "Os 12 "mandamentos" do Partido Social Democrático". VEJA (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2022-09-18.
  11. ^ "Princípios e Valores". PSD 55 - Partido Social Democrático. Retrieved 2022-09-18.
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Preceded by Numbers of Brazilian Official Political Parties
55 – SDP (PSD) 		Succeeded by
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