Smooth algebra

In algebra, a commutative k-algebra A is said to be 0-smooth if it satisfies the following lifting property: given a k-algebra C, an ideal N of C whose square is zero and a k-algebra map $u:A\to C/N$, there exists a k-algebra map $v:A\to C$ such that u is v followed by the canonical map. If there exists at most one such lifting v, then A is said to be 0-unramified (or 0-neat). A is said to be 0-étale if it is 0-smooth and 0-unramified. The notion of 0-smoothness is also called formal smoothness.

A finitely generated k-algebra A is 0-smooth over k if and only if Spec A is a smooth scheme over k.

A separable algebraic field extension L of k is 0-étale over k. The formal power series ring $k[\![t_{1},\ldots ,t_{n}]\!]$ is 0-smooth only when $\operatorname {char} k=p>0$ and $[k:k^{p}]<\infty$ (i.e., k has a finite p-basis.)

I-smooth

Let B be an A-algebra and suppose B is given the I-adic topology, I an ideal of B. We say B is I-smooth over A if it satisfies the lifting property: given an A-algebra C, an ideal N of C whose square is zero and an A-algebra map $u:B\to C/N$ that is continuous when $C/N$ is given the discrete topology, there exists an A-algebra map $v:B\to C$ such that u is v followed by the canonical map. As before, if there exists at most one such lift v, then B is said to be I-unramified over A (or I-neat). B is said to be I-étale if it is I-smooth and I-unramified. If I is the zero ideal and A is a field, these notions coincide with 0-smooth etc. as defined above.

A standard example is this: let A be a ring, $B=A[\![t_{1},\ldots ,t_{n}]\!]$ and $I=(t_{1},\ldots ,t_{n}).$ Then B is I-smooth over A.

Let A be a noetherian local k-algebra with maximal ideal ${\mathfrak {m}}$. Then A is ${\mathfrak {m}}$-smooth over $k$ if and only if $A\otimes _{k}k'$ is a regular ring for any finite extension field $k'$ of $k$.

See also

• étale morphism
• formally smooth morphism
• Popescu's theorem

References

• Matsumura, H. (1989). Commutative Ring Theory. Cambridge Studies in Advanced Mathematics. Translated by Reid, M. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-36764-6.