Jump to content

Slovak National Party

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Slovenska narodna strana)
For the party active 1871–1938, see Slovak National Party (historical).

Slovak National Party
Slovenská národná strana
AbbreviationSNS
ChairmanAndrej Danko
General SecretaryStanislav Kmec
Founded7 March 1990; 34 years ago (1990-03-07)
Preceded bySlovak National Party (not legal predecessor)
HeadquartersBratislava
Youth wingSlovak National Party Youth
Women's wingMarína – Club of Slovak National Party Women
Membership (2022)Decrease 2,205[1]
Ideology
Political positionRight-wing[10] to far-right[11]
European affiliationIdentity and Democracy Party (2024)
Colours  White,   blue   and red
(Slovak national colors)
Slogan"To serve and work for the nation."
National Council
7 / 150
European Parliament
0 / 15
Regional governors
0 / 8
Regional deputies
15 / 416
Mayors[a]
395 / 2,904
Party flag
Website
www.sns.sk

The Slovak National Party (Slovak: Slovenská národná strana, SNS) is an ultranationalist[16] political party in Slovakia. The party characterizes itself as a nationalist party based on both social and European Christian values.[17]

Since 1990 SNS has won seats in every Slovak parliament but three (in 2002, 2012 and 2020) and was part of the coalition government formed after the 2006 election with Robert Fico's Direction – Social Democracy (Smer-SD). In the 2012 parliamentary election, SNS failed to meet the 5% electoral threshold and thus lost parliamentary representation. At the following party congress in October 2012, the delegates chose lawyer Andrej Danko as the new chairman of the party.[18] Under Danko SNS returned to another coalition government with Smer-SD after the 2016 Slovak parliamentary election. In the next election in 2020, the party again failed to meet the threshold for parliamentary representation. In the next election, SNS again returned in 2023 and once again formed a coalition government with Fico.

History

[edit]

The party was founded in December 1989 and perceives itself as an ideological heir to the historical Slovak National Party. The party declares its three pillars: Christian, national and social. One of the biggest events the SNS has participated in since then was the establishment of an independent Slovakia on 1 January 1993. The SNS has had deputies in the Slovak parliament in the years 1990–2002 and 2006–2012. The party also had deputies in the Slovak government. Marián Andel, Jozef Prokeš, Jaroslav Paška and Ľudovít Černák were in the second Mečiar government (1992–1994), Ján Sitek and Eva Slavkovská in the third Mečiar government (1994–1998) and other deputies were in the government of Robert Fico from 2006 to 2010 (see below).

Between 2001 and 2005 there was a Real Slovak National Party (Pravá slovenská národná strana, PSNS), a party of SNS splinters, which remerged with SNS later. Since 2005, there is also a United Slovak National Party (Zjednotená slovenská národná strana, ZSNS), also formed of former SNS members. In February 2006, PSNS changed its name into the Slovak National Coalition – Slovak Mutuality (Slovenská národná koalícia – Slovenská vzájomnosť). However, only the Slovak National Party is currently relevant.

In 2006, the SNS was the only Slovakian political party, which did not express his disagreement when a 23-year-old ethnic Hungarian girl was kicked and had the message "Hungarians, go back to the other side of the Danube" and "Death to the parasites" written on her T-shirt.[19]

In 2008 a €120 million tender for establishing the rules and guidelines and logos for distribution of funds from the European Union, was won by a consortium of firms with close ties to SNS leader Ján Slota. The tender notice had been posted for only five days on a bulletin board in the ministry run by the SNS party behind a locked door, which resulted in a single bid. Following the scandal, the SNS minister in charge of the contract was fired, and the European Commission has launched an investigation.[20] In 2009 SNS proposed a law to create barriers for women seeking abortion in Slovakia.[21]

Political positions

[edit]

The SNS supports economic nationalism and advocates for domestic production and agriculture.[22] While the party has been critical of privatisations, it has advocated tax cuts for small businesses.[23] It opposed an increase in the minimum wage that was proposed by its coalition partners, citing its impact on the state budget.[24]

During Fico's Fourth Cabinet, SNS Culture Minister Martina Šimkovičová removed heads of major cultural institutions for their alleged "political activism", including the directors of the Slovak National Gallery and Slovak National Theatre.[25] She also abolished Radio and Television of Slovakia, the country's national public broadcaster, also citing "political activism".[26]

Danko has advocated a ban on education on gender identity and sexual orientation in Slovak schools.[27]

The party has called for stronger security measures against illegal immigration on EU external borders and has opposed EU asylum quotas.[23]

The SNS has submitted legislation to charge media publications money for information requests and introduce a legal right of correction to media reports that might damage an individual's reputation.[28]

The SNS has also proposed legislation that would subject NGOs receiving over €5,000 a year in foreign funding as "organisations with foreign support" and subject them to increased scrutiny, similar to legislation that had been previously enacted in Hungary.[29]

Although the party does not question Slovak membership of NATO, it opposes the presence of a NATO base or logistics centre in Slovakia.[30] It has stated it would not enter into a coalition government with the rival nationalist party, the Republic Movement, if the Republic Movement advocated a referendum on NATO membership.[31] Though the SNS opposed the U.S.-Slovakia Defence Cooperation Agreement during Fico's Third Cabinet, the SNS Defence Minister, Peter Gajdoš, did support the purchase of U.S. fighter jets by Slovakia.[32]

The SNS condemned the Russian invasion of Ukraine, but advocated peace talks between the two sides to resolve the conflict.[33] The party opposes Ukrainian EU membership.[34]

Danko expressed support for relocating Slovakia's embassy in Israel to Jerusalem during a visit to Israel in 2018.[35]

European affiliations

[edit]

From 1997 to 2002, the SNS was a member of Euronat, an alliance formed by the French National Front (FN).[36] From 2002 to 2009, the SNS was a member of the Alliance for Europe of the Nations alliance, alongside Poland's Law and Justice party, the Czech Civic Democratic Party, the Israeli Likud, the Danish People's Party, the Irish Fianna Fáil and the Italian National Alliance.[37] From 2009 to 2014, the SNS was part of Europe of Freedom and Democracy (EFD) group in the European Parliament, which was dominated by the UK Independence Party (UKIP), and from 2011 to 2015 with the affiliated Movement for a Europe of Liberties and Democracy, which did not include UKIP but included other EFDD members such as United Poland and the Finns Party. In 2014, the SNS participated in exploratory meetings held by the European Alliance for Freedom regarding the formation of a new European Parliament group, though it ultimately did not win seats at the 2014 European Parliament election.[38] In 2024, the SNS was announced as a new member of the Identity and Democracy Party,[39] though the SNS did not become a member of its successor, Patriots.eu.[40]

Slota invited Jean-Marie Le Pen, the then-leader of the FN, to visit Slovakia in 1997, after Slota attended a congress held by the FN in Strasbourg.[41] In 2019, Danko distanced himself from the FN's successor, the National Rally (RN), after it formed an alliance with the rival Slovak We Are Family party, suggesting that RN leader Marine Le Pen could break up the EU.[42] Nevertheless, in 2022, Danko praised the possibility of a Le Pen victory in the 2022 French presidential election as positive for Visegrád Group countries.[43]

Since Slota's tenure as SNS leader, the SNS has had a close relationship with the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ), previously listing it formally as a "partner party".[44] However, disagreements over the Beneš decrees caused a brief rift between the parties, with the SNS supporting the exclusion of the FPÖ from the EFD in 2011.[45] The relationship was later resumed under Danko, with the parties sharing election advice throughout the 2010s.[44]

Danko has advocated for a close partnership with Hungary under Fidesz rule and Poland under the Law and Justice party.[46] He has been described as having close relations with Fidesz politicians.[47]

Election results

[edit]

National Council

[edit]
Election Leader Votes % Rank Seats +/– Status
1990 Víťazoslav Móric 470,984
13.9%
 3rd
22 / 150
 Opposition
1992 Jozef Prokeš 244,527
7.9%
 4th
15 / 150
 Decrease 7 HZDS–SNS
(1992–1994)
Opposition
(1994)
1994 Ján Slota 155,359
5.4%
 7th
9 / 150
 Decrease 6 HZDS–SNS–ZRS
1998 304,839
9.1%
 5th
14 / 150
 Increase 5 Opposition
2002 Anna Malíková 95,633
3.3%
 9th
0 / 150
 Decrease 14 Extra-parliamentary
2006 Ján Slota 270,230
11.7%
 3rd
20 / 150
 Increase 20 Smer–SNS–ĽS–HZDS
2010 128,490
5.1%
 6th
9 / 150
 Decrease 11 Opposition
2012 116,420
4.6%
 7th
0 / 150
 Decrease 9 Extra-parliamentary
2016 Andrej Danko 225,386
8.6%
 4th
15 / 150
 Increase 15 Smer–SNS–Bridge–Network
(2016)
Smer–SNS–Bridge
(2016–2020)
2020 91,171
3.2%
 10th
0 / 150
 Decrease 15 Extra-parliamentary
2023 166,995
5.6%
 7th
10 / 150
 Increase 10 Smer–Hlas–SNS

Presidential

[edit]
Election Candidate First round Second round Result
Votes % Votes %
1999 Ján Slota 73,836 2.50 Lost
2004 Vladimír Mečiar 650,242 32.73 722,368 40.08 Lost
2009 Ivan Gašparovič 876,061 46.71 1,234,787 55.53 Won
2024 Andrej Danko[b] 1,905 0.08 Lost

European Parliament

[edit]
Election List leader Votes % Rank Seats +/– EP Group
2004[c] Unclear 14,150
2.01%
 9th
0 / 14
 New –
2009 Dušan Švantner 45,960
5.55%
 6th
1 / 13
 Increase 1 EFDD
2014 Unclear 20,244
3.61%
 10th
0 / 13
 Decrease 1 –
2019 Unclear 40,330
4.09%
 8th
0 / 14
 Steady 0
2024 Andrej Danko 28,102
1.90%
 10th
0 / 15
 Steady 0

2006–2010: In Slovak government

[edit]

SNS entered the current Slovak government after Chairman Ján Slota and Robert Fico agreed to create a coalition government. This created an unusual situation of an alleged far-right party, SNS being accepted and taken as a partner by SMER, a party describing itself as leftist. Three SNS ministers were sworn in on 4 July 2006:

Politics of Slovakia
National symbols
Constitution
Executive
Legislature
Recent elections
Parties in the National Council
Administrative divisions
  • Jaroslav Izák as the minister of the environment. Jaroslav Izák was fired from the Environment Ministry top job in the wake of accusations of cronyism, He was succeeded by Ján Chrbet.[48]
  • Ján Mikolaj as deputy prime minister; minister of education.
  • Marián Janušek as the minister of construction and regional development. Janušek was sacked from the Ministry's top job for "granting lucrative contracts worth €98 million to two firms, Avocat and Zamedia, which are believed to have links to SNS chairman Ján Slota."[48]

Further ministers, delegated by SNS:

  • Ján Chrbet as Minister of Environment, after Izák. His firing was over his responsibility in a mega-scandal involving the sale of the country's excess emission quotas at an extremely low price, below their market value.[48]
  • Viliam Turský as Minister of Environment following Chrbet. Also fired by Fico over a dubious contract he signed with a company. After three SNS Ministers were fired from the same ministry, Fico took away control of the ministry from SNS.[48]

The coalition agreement between Smer-SD and SNS resulted in the suspension of Smer-SD from the Party of European Socialists (PES). The PES considered SNS a "political party which incites or attempts to stir up racial or ethnic prejudices and racial hatred."[49] However, in 2008 Smer's membership suspension ended with no further PES's demands regarding SNS.[50]

2016 election

[edit]

In the 2016 Slovak parliamentary election, the Slovak National Party won 8.64% of the vote, and joined Fico's Third Cabinet on 22 March.

Controversy

[edit]

In April 2008, a map was published on the official web page discussion forum of the party where the territory of Hungary was divided between Slovakia and Austria, eliminating Hungary from the map.[51][52][53] After receiving media attention the map was promptly removed and the party has denied responsibility, referring to the free access policy of the forum section, where the map was posted.[54] The former party leader Ján Slota is the source of considerable controversy, Slota is frequently criticized for arrogance, nationalism,[55] and extremism.[56] The Slovak Spectator reports that most of the media attention Slota receives is because of statements that cross "the line not just of political but also human decency."[57] Documents about party leader Slota's criminal past, detailing arson, grand theft auto and assault, were broadcast by Markíza, the leading private television station in Slovakia, which resulted in a court case Markíza v Slota.[58] During the court proceedings Slota admitted to some of the crimes and even said he was proud of assaulting and beating a Hungarian saying "I am proud of giving that Hungarian a black eye".[59] Another physical assault was committed by Anna Belousovová of SNS against fellow parliamentarian Igor Matovič of SaS.[60] The SNS politician slapped Matovič saying she disliked an article written by him.

Allegations of racism and discrimination

[edit]

The party under the leadership of Ján Slota had been sometimes described as ultra-nationalist,[61][62][63][64][65][66] Hungarophobic,[67] right-wing extremist,[61][68][69][70] and far-right,[21] due to its statements[71] about Hungarians and Romani which have been characterised as racist. [72][73][74][75][76][77] The alleged party's major concern after the dissolution of Czechoslovakia has been the danger of "irredentism".[78] Any moves and changes toward broader rights for the national minorities living in Slovakia, especially the sizeable Hungarian minority living in southern Slovakia, was seen as a step toward territorial autonomy.[78]

The party had been known for its inflammatory rhetoric against ethnic Roma and Hungarians.[66][79] The Party of European Socialists, considered SNS as a "political party which incites or attempts to stir up racial or ethnic prejudices and racial hatred."[49] The former party's leader Ján Slota, referred to by Earthtimes as "a xenophobic politician who has stirred anti-Hungarian sentiments",[80] said the best policy for dealing with the Romani was "a long whip in a small yard."[81][82] He is quoted as saying "we will sit in our tanks and destroy Budapest"[81] and questioning if homosexuals are normal people.[83] Slota stated that "The Hungarians are a cancer in the body of the Slovak nation."[84] Slota called the fascist leader Jozef Tiso "one of the greatest sons of the Slovak nation"[61] and on 17 February 2000, 40 of the 41 city council members in Žilina, where Slota was mayor at the time, voted to dedicate a plaque honouring Jozef Tiso,[61] who was convicted and executed for the breaking up the Czechoslovak state and for collaboration with Nazi Germany. Later in a move that was described as absurd by a Slovak journalist, SNS demanded the seat of deputy prime minister responsible for human rights and national minorities. The party did not manage to obtain the seat.[48]

The party abandoned anti-Hungarian rhetoric under Danko's leadership, praising Hungary under the leadership of Viktor Orbán as a model for Slovakia.[85] Prior to the 2023 Slovak parliamentary election, Hungarian Foreign Minister Péter Szijjártó praised the Slovak National Party following a meeting with Danko, stating that "parties standing on national foundations always understand each other well" and emphasising their shared "Christian-conservative values".[86][87] In 2023, Danko stated that a policy of "non-cooperation" between Hungary and Slovakia belongs to the last century, condemning Slovakia's then-Foreign Minister Rastislav Káčer for suggesting that Hungary could make territorial claims against Slovakia following the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[88]

The party has been described as spreading hate against the LGBTI+ community as recently as July 2023.[89]

Allegations of neo-fascism

[edit]

In the past when Ján Slota was its leader, the SNS party was accused of being a fascist party (or having its origins in a far right ideology[89]).[90] The allegations are sometimes connected to various statements of party members or that SNS was behind "the continuing campaign to rehabilitate Jozef Tiso, head of the wartime fascist regime, which was responsible for the deportation of the country's Jews to the death camps" might also be a contributing factor.[91] One high-profile fascist allegation was when in 2006 in a live interview with Inforadio, a politician of the Party of the Hungarian Coalition, Miklós Duray described SNS as a "fascist party".[92] Duray said "one third of the Slovak government is made up of Slota's party which is fascist"[93] describing the 2006 governing coalition between Robert Fico's Smer, Ján Slota's SNS, and HZDS, making SNS one of the three governing parties. SNS sued for financial damages, alleging the statement caused it loss of votes, image, and reputation.[94] The District Court ruled that Duray was to pay one million crowns as a compensation and to apologize for his statements.[95] The Slovak Supreme Court ultimately decided that SNS is not entitled for the financial compensation, because the party did not sufficiently document the alleged damage.[96][97] SNS party chairman Ján Slota denounced the Supreme Court of Slovakia for that decision.[98]

Party leaders

[edit]
Leader Year
1 Víťazoslav Móric 1990–1991
2 Jozef Prokeš 1991–1992
3 Ľudovít Černák 1992–1994
4 Ján Slota 1994–1999
5 Anna Malíková 1999–2003
6 Ján Slota 2003–2012
7 Andrej Danko 2012–present

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Also with coalitions.
  2. ^ Candidate withdrew, but was still on the ballot. Party subsequently supported Peter Pellegrini's presidential campaign.
  3. ^ Run in a joint list with PSNS.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ https://www.minv.sk/swift_data/source/statna_komisia_pre_volby/30_annual_report/ar2022/VS22_SNS.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  2. ^ a b "Slovakia's president asks a populist ex-premier to form government after winning early election". The Independent. 2 October 2023. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
  3. ^ a b Tarnok, Balazs (12 March 2022). "Why Is Ethnic Discrimination Still Legal in Slovakia?". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
  4. ^ a b "Slovakia elections: Pro-Russia former PM Robert Fico wins poll but must forge coalition". Sky News. 1 October 2023. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
  5. ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram (2020). "Slovakia". Parties and Elections in Europe. Retrieved 4 March 2020.
  6. ^ a b c d Algan, Yann (2017). "The European Trust Crisis and the Rise of Populism: Supplementary Online Appendix" (PDF). Brookings Papers on Economic Activity: 55.
  7. ^ "European Public Opinion Three Decades After the Fall of Communism: Political parties". Pew Research Center. 14 October 2019.
  8. ^ "Marching towards Eurasia. The Kremlin connections of the Slovak far-right". Juraj Marusiak, Daniel Milo, Peter Kreko, Anita Lencses. January 2015.
  9. ^ "АНДРЕЈ ДАНКО: Срби не дајте своју воду, минерале и кључна предузећа!". 7 June 2018.
  10. ^ Hornak, Daniel (11 October 2023). "Slovakia's Fico to Return to Power as Coalition Deal Sealed". Bloomberg. Retrieved 17 December 2023. Fico's Smer party signed an agreement with two preferred partners, Voice and the right-wing Slovak National Party, to form a coalition.
  11. ^
  12. ^ "Pro-Russia ex-PM leads party to win in Slovakia's parliamentary elections". TheJournal.ie. 2 October 2023. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
  13. ^ "Slovakia's populist party opposed to Ukraine aid wins vote". Al Jazeera. 1 October 2023. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
  14. ^ Henley, Jon (30 September 2023). "Slovakia election: polls open in knife-edge vote with Ukraine high on agenda". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
  15. ^ Leff, Carol (2018). The Czech And Slovak Republics: Nation Versus State. Routledge. p. 102. ISBN 9780429965241.
  16. ^ [2][4][12][13][14][3][15]
  17. ^ Stručne o SNS. Archived 11 September 2012 at archive.today
  18. ^ "Z politiky neodchádzam, tvrdí Slota". HNonline.sk. Archived from the original on 3 November 2013. Retrieved 4 August 2015.
  19. ^ "Megrugdostak egy magyar diáklányt Szlovákiában". Index (in Hungarian). 25 August 2006.
  20. ^ "By hook or crook, Slovak EU funds find their way to govt supporters". Businessneweurope.eu. 18 June 2009. Archived from the original on 7 July 2012. Retrieved 10 January 2011.
  21. ^ a b "HUMAN RIGHTS-SLOVAKIA: Barriers Go Up For Abortion". Inter Press Service. 26 June 2009. Archived from the original on 4 January 2011.
  22. ^ "Populist Radical Right Parties in Central and Eastern Europe". Government & Opposition. 49 (4): 599–628.
  23. ^ a b "Former far-right Slovak party near power with tough migration stance". Reuters. 27 January 2016.
  24. ^ "Slovakia's SNS downplays tensions in coalition after Hlas minister questions its purpose". Euractiv. 26 June 2024.
  25. ^ "Slovaks Protest 'Purges' At Top Cultural Posts". Barron's. 13 August 2024.
  26. ^ "Slovakia's populist government to replace public broadcaster". BBC. 24 April 2024.
  27. ^ "News digest: Danko floats 'Don't say gay' schools bill; Minister is unimpressed". Slovak Spectator. 9 August 2024.
  28. ^ "Slovak government targets media again after Fico shooting". Politico. 28 May 2024.
  29. ^ "Slovakia pushes for new law on NGOs, critics fear Hungary-like restrictions". Euractiv. 3 April 2024.
  30. ^ "Danko strašil, že NATO je nebezpečné. Jeho strana získala ministerstvo obrany". Dennik. 16 March 2016.
  31. ^ "SNS by nešla do vlády so stranou Republika, ak by chcela organizovať referendum o vystúpení z NATO, vyhlásil Andrej Danko". Dennik. 27 August 2023.
  32. ^ "Slovak-US Defence Pact Encounters Fierce Resistance". Balkan Insight. 18 January 2022.
  33. ^ "SNS odsudzuje vojnu a želá si mierové riešenie". Teraz.sk. 24 February 2022.
  34. ^ "Andrej Danko povedal, že Ukrajina by nemala byť nikdy súčasťou EÚ". Dennik. 21 January 2024.
  35. ^ "Slovakia declares it will move its embassy to Jerusalem". JNS. 18 July 2018.
  36. ^ Mareš, 2006, pp. 11-12, 24.
  37. ^ "Alliance for Europe of the Nations". EUobserver. 25 June 2002.
  38. ^ "Le Pen and Farage battle for partners to form group". Euractiv. 29 May 2014.
  39. ^ "Putin's allies in the European Parliament rally around Le Pen's party". Le Monde. 1 March 2024.
  40. ^ "European Political Party Patriots.eu".
  41. ^ "SNS says hardliner Le Pen to visit Slovakia". The Slovak Spectator. 10 April 1997.
  42. ^ "Návšteva Le Penovej sa zvrhla! VIDEO Vzbura antifašistov v uliciach aj v Dunaji, Kollár vytasil croissanty". Topsky. 13 May 2019.
  43. ^ "Marine le Pen m谩 st谩le ve木k茅 拧ance". YouTube. 11 April 2022.
  44. ^ a b "Denník NČo má SNS s radikálmi z rakúskej FPÖ? Zblížili sa za Slotu a s Dankom si doteraz radia stratégiu na voľby". Dennik N. 21 December 2017.
  45. ^ "FPÖ dürfte nicht in Rechtsaußenfraktion landen". Der Standard. 8 July 2009.
  46. ^ "Danko wants to follow Orbán's example". Slovak Spectator. 24 October 2018.
  47. ^ "Protimaďarské nálady sa z prostredia SNS úplne nevytratili, ale strana by už s Maďarmi radšej spolupracovala". Dennik N. 20 August 2024.
  48. ^ a b c d e Beata Balogová (31 August 2009). "People often get what they want, not what they need – The Slovak Spectator". Spectator.sk. Retrieved 10 January 2011.
  49. ^ a b SMER suspended from PES political family Archived 14 October 2006 at archive.today, Party of European Socialists, 12 October 2006
  50. ^ "PES REHABILITATES FICO'S SMER PARTY. (Party of European Socialists meeting)". 22 February 2008. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 7 July 2009.
  51. ^ "Törölték Magyarországot Slota pártjának térképéről". Origo.hu. 31 January 1999. Retrieved 10 January 2011.
  52. ^ "Slotáék törölték Európa térképéről Magyarországot". Hvg.hu. 1 January 1970. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
  53. ^ "figyelo.ro". www.figyelo.ro. Archived from the original on 19 October 2009.
  54. ^ Szétosztották hazánk területét Ján Slota pártjának honlapján Archived 12 June 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Magyar Hírlap, 16 April 2008. (reach: 16-4-08)
  55. ^ "Forgive and forget?". The Slovak Spectator. 11 February 2008. Retrieved 6 August 2008.
  56. ^ Lukáš Fila (16 March 2009). "Prezidentská kampaň Slovakia warns of worsening relations after Gyurcsany resignation". Spectator.sk. Retrieved 10 January 2011.
  57. ^ "The journalist's dilemma: how to report Ján Slota". The Slovak Spectator. 13 October 2008. Retrieved 4 November 2008.
  58. ^ "Jan Slota büszke rá, hogy megvert egy magyart". Index.hu. 23 June 2009. Retrieved 10 January 2011.
  59. ^ "Slota megvert egy magyart". Fn.hu. Retrieved 10 January 2011.
  60. ^ "Belousovová dala v parlamente facku Matovičovi". Sme.sk. Retrieved 10 January 2011.
  61. ^ a b c d New Slovak Government Embraces Ultra-Nationalists, Excludes Hungarian Coalition Party Archived 5 January 2011 at the Wayback Machine HRF Alert: "Hungarians are the cancer of the Slovak nation, without delay we need to remove them from the body of the nation." (Új Szó, 15 April 2005)
  62. ^ Auer, Stefan (2004). Liberal nationalism in Central Europe. Contemporary Russia and Eastern Europe. Vol. 1. Routledge. p. 44. ISBN 9780415314794. Miroslav Sladek in the Czech Republic and Jan Slota in Slovakia stand out as two leaders of extreme nationalist parties who...
  63. ^ Jeffries, Ian (2002). Eastern Europe at the turn of the twenty-first century. Routledge. p. 352. ISBN 9780415236713. Slovak National Party: led by Jan Slota. Extreme nationalist
  64. ^ P. Ramet, Sabrina (1997). Whose democracy?: nationalism, religion, and the doctrine of collective rights in post-1989 Eastern Europe. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 128. ISBN 9780847683246. ...Meciar established his 1994 coalition government with the extreme-nacionalist Slovak National Party (SNS), led by Ján Slota, mayor of Zilina...
  65. ^ "International Herald Tribune's article about Hungarian-Slovak relations". International Herald Tribune. 29 March 2009. Retrieved 10 January 2011.
  66. ^ a b "Official Results: Slovak Ultra-Nationalists Grab Seat in EU Vote". Nasdaq.com. Retrieved 10 January 2011.
  67. ^ Origo (31 December 1899). "Eljárás Szlovákiában magyarellenes klipek miatt". www.origo.hu/ (in Hungarian). Retrieved 13 June 2023.
  68. ^ Cas Mudde (2005). Racist extremism in Central and Eastern Europe. Routledge. p. xvi. ISBN 9780415355933. Retrieved 22 May 2009.
  69. ^ Zoltan D. Barany (2002). The East European gypsies: regime change, marginality, and ethnopolitics. Cambridge University Press. p. 313. ISBN 9780521009102. Retrieved 22 May 2009.
  70. ^ "The Steven Roth Institute: Country reports. Antisemitism and racism in Slovakia". Tau.ac.il. Archived from the original on 31 May 2013. Retrieved 10 January 2011.
  71. ^ "BBC: Europe diary: Franco and Finland – section Slovak Nationalism". BBC News. 6 July 2006. Retrieved 10 January 2011.
  72. ^ "Ébredező sovinizmus Szlovákiában". Demokrata (in Hungarian). 25 January 2023. Retrieved 27 May 2024.
  73. ^ MTI (24 September 2007). "Slota cseh támogatást akar a magyarok ellen". index.hu (in Hungarian). Retrieved 27 May 2024.
  74. ^ MTI (16 April 2008). "Magyarország nélküli térképet gyártottak Slotáék". index.hu (in Hungarian). Retrieved 27 May 2024.
  75. ^ "European Roma Rights Centre". Errc.org. Retrieved 10 January 2011.
  76. ^ "Slovakia's new rulers, strange bedfellows". Isn.ethz.ch. Archived from the original on 5 February 2008. Retrieved 10 January 2011.
  77. ^ Kristina Mikulova's (Financial Times) article on the pages of CEPA Archived 20 February 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  78. ^ a b Mudde, Cas (2005). Racist extremism in Central and Eastern Europe. Routledge. p. 198. ISBN 9780415355933.
  79. ^ Stephen White; Judy Batt; Paul G. Lewis (2007). Developments in Central and East European politics 4 (4 ed.). Duke University Press. p. 63. ISBN 9780822339496. Slovakia's nationalist politicians, most notably the Slovak National Party's Ján Slota, stoke up anti-Hungarian sentiment
  80. ^ DPA (21 March 2009). "Slovakia warns of worsening relations after Gyurcsany resignation". Earthtimes.org. Archived from the original on 2 September 2012. Retrieved 10 January 2011.
  81. ^ a b "Chaos, Corruption and Extremism – Political Crises Abound in Eastern Europe". Der Spiegel. 29 May 2007. Retrieved 20 April 2008.
  82. ^ "New Slovak Government Embraces Ultra-Nationalists, Excludes Hungarian Coalition Party". Hhrf.org. Archived from the original on 5 January 2011. Retrieved 10 January 2011.
  83. ^ ÚJ SZÓ online[dead link]
  84. ^ "Separatist Movements Seek Inspiration in Kosovo". Der Spiegel. 22 February 2008. Retrieved 6 August 2008.
  85. ^ "A. Danko: Ak mi národ dá dôveru, budem zaňho bojovať ako Orbán za Maďarov (rozhovor)". RTV. 19 September 2023.
  86. ^ "Fura emberekkel pacsizott Szijjártó Szlovákiában, és az ezeknél is abszurdabb találkája zajlott kedden". Parameter. 6 December 2022.
  87. ^ "Hungarian minister met with the leader of the Hungarian-hater, far-right SNS in Slovakia". Daily News Hungary. 7 December 2022.
  88. ^ "Andrej Danko by chcel vytvárať slovenský Fidesz. S Ficom, Pellegrinim aj komunistami". Standard.sk. 14 February 2023.
  89. ^ a b Zmuskova, Barbara (4 July 2023). "Slovak far-right with neo-Nazi origins eyes government". EURACTIV. Retrieved 3 September 2023.
  90. ^ Stein, Jonathan (23 July 2019). The Politics of National Minority Participation in Post-communist Societies. New York: Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781317455295.
  91. ^ "The Stephen Roth institute, Country reports: Slovakia 1999–2000". Tau.ac.il. Archived from the original on 31 May 2013. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
  92. ^ Ingyen nevezte fasisztának a Szlovák Nemzeti Pártot Duray Miklós Origo
  93. ^ "A Fair Play Szövetség jogásza szerint az SNS hiába vár pénzt Duray Miklóstól". Duray.sk. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
  94. ^ No Compensation for SNS Over Fascism Comments TheDaily.sk
  95. ^ "Súd: Duray urazil SNS, nielen Slotu" [The Court: Duray offended SNS, not only Slota]. SME. 25 April 2008. Retrieved 10 March 2016.
  96. ^ "SNS nedostane od Duraya za výrok o fašistickej strane ani euro". Topky.sk. 11 August 2011. Retrieved 10 March 2016.
  97. ^ "Nem kell Duraynak fizetni, amiért lefasisztázta Slotáék pártját". Hirado.hu. Archived from the original on 29 September 2011. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
  98. ^ Zrt., HVG Kiadó (11 August 2011). "Slotát megvádolták, hogy kettős állampolgár".
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Slovak_National_Party&oldid=1256285026"