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Slapewath

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Coordinates: 54°31′59″N 1°00′43″W / 54.533°N 1.012°W / 54.533; -1.012
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Slapewath
At the bus stop, Slapewath
Slapewath is located in North Yorkshire
Slapewath
Slapewath
Location within North Yorkshire
OS grid referenceNZ6315
Civil parish
Unitary authority
Ceremonial county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
List of places
UK
England
Yorkshire
54°31′59″N 1°00′43″W / 54.533°N 1.012°W / 54.533; -1.012

Slapewath is a hamlet in the borough of Redcar and Cleveland and the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England. Whilst the name of the hamlet is recorded as far back as the 13th century, it was developed due to the alum and ironstone industries of the North-Eastern part of Yorkshire in the 16th and 19th centuries respectively. The hamlet lies on the A171 road.

History

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Slapewath is first mentioned as Slaipwath in a document from 1222. The name derives from the Old Norse of sleipr and vað, meaning slippery ford.[1] Whilst traditionally being mostly in the Ancient Parish of Guisborough, the hamlet is also spread across the civil parish of Lockwood.[2][3] Slapewath is on the A171 road, some 1.75 miles (2.82 km) east of Guisborough.[4]

The area was developed for mining and quarrying purposes. Alum shale was first extracted and worked here to turn into alum for use as a mordant in the dyeing process of wool. Slapewath is reputedly the oldest alum quarry in Cleveland and the United Kingdom.[5][6] Slapewath alum works was developed in 1604, and continued processing until the early part of the 19th century.[7][8] Jet was also mined/quarried here, but by the 1850s, this industry had also disappeared.[9]

Ironstone was discovered at Slapewath in 1840, and this allowed a third mining industry to flourish, and the Cleveland Railway was built through the area, crossing Alumworks Beck (Spa Gill) on an eight-arch (Slapewath) viaduct.[10][11][12] Two ironstone mines were in the hamlet; Spa Wood and Slapewath, which in 1878–1879 financial year produced 60,825 tonnes (67,048 tons) and 80,542 tonnes (88,782 tons) respectively.[13] Whilst there was never a public railway station at Slapewath, it was capable of handling goods and was the focal point for ironstone wagons for six mines in the local area.[14] At some point the North Eastern Railway had a locomotive shed there, although in 1870, it was moved to Brusselton Bank.[15]

The hamlet has one pub, the Fox and Hounds, and is on the Cleveland Way.[16] The hamlet lies on the A171 road that connects Middlesbrough with Whitby, and has a regular hourly bus service through the day connecting the two towns.[17][18][19] The layby from the main road was created in 1992 when the road was re-aligned through the area to connect with the Guisborough bypass.[20]

Population statistics are covered as part of the civil parish of Lockwood, and the area is represented in the United Kingdom Parliament as part of the Middlesbrough South East Cleveland Constituency.[21][2]

Slapewath Viaduct

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The viaduct, which is also known as Waterfall Viaduct, consists of eight arches, each 40 feet (12 m) wide, straddling the small valley carrying Alumworks Beck (Spa Gill).[22] It is 60 feet (18 m) high and was built as part of the Cleveland Railway to carry iron ore from the mines of Sir Lowthian Bell, to the iron works of Ralph Ward at Port Clarence. It is now a Grade II listed structure.[23] Part of the reason for the listing of Slapewath Viaduct is that it is the only surviving stone viaduct in the Cleveland area. All other stone viaducts have been demolished (though those on the Loftus to Whitby Line were mostly metal anyway), with only Saltburn Viaduct being the other railway structure in the area, but this is made from brick.[24]

References

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  1. ^ Smith, A. H. (1979) [1928]. The Place Names of the North Riding of Yorkshire. English Place Name Society. p. 147. OCLC 19714705.
  2. ^ a b "Election Maps". ordnancesurvey.co.uk. Retrieved 13 January 2024. On the left of the screen is the "Boundary" tab; click this and activate either civil parishes or Westminster Constituencies (or both), however, only two functions can be active at any one time.
  3. ^ "Genuki: Guisborough, Yorkshire (North Riding)". genuki.org.uk. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
  4. ^ "Genuki: Guisborough Supplementary, Yorkshire (North Riding)". genuki.org.uk. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
  5. ^ "Slapewath Works". teeswildlife.org. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
  6. ^ "Cleveland Way Alum Sites Guide" (PDF). teeswildlife.org. p. 2. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
  7. ^ Oswald, Al; Hunt, Abby (2005). "Analytical field survey of prehistoric and post-medieval remains on Fylingdales Moor, North Yorkshire. Survey Report". Archaeological Investigation Report Series (12/2005). Swindon: English Heritage: 23. ISSN 1478-7008. The first successful alum works was established in 1604 at Slapewath, near Guisborough in Cleveland.
  8. ^ Appleton, Peter (2018). A forgotten industry; the alum shale industry of north-east Yorkshire. Boroughgate Books. p. 132. ISBN 978-0-9933674-1-0.
  9. ^ Bowes, Ida (1948). Cleveland and Tees-Side. A geographical study of population and occupational changes since 1800. London: Bedford College (University of London). p. 59. ISBN 978-1-339-61283-6.
  10. ^ Marley, John (1857). "Cleveland Ironstone. Outline of the Main or Thick Stratified Bed, its Discovery, Application, and Results, in Connection with The Iron-Works in the North Of England". Transactions of the North of England Institute of Mining Engineers. 5. Newcastle-upon-Tyne: North of England Institute of Mining and Mechanical Engineers: 182. OCLC 7751365.
  11. ^ "New railway in Cleveland". The Leeds Mercury. No. 12658. 4 November 1878. p. 3. OCLC 11968069. It will prove a great boon to the inhabitants of the populous mining villages of Slapewath, Magra Park, Boosbeck, Skelton Green, Lingdale, New Skelton, Skelton and North Skelton
  12. ^ "Hidden Teesside - Slapewath Culvert - Alumwork Beck". hidden-teesside.co.uk. 15 January 2013. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
  13. ^ "Cleveland mines production". The Daily Gazette for Middlesbrough. No. 3805. 29 August 1879. p. 3. OCLC 1325851880.
  14. ^ The Railway Clearing House (London) handbook of railway stations. Newton Abbot: David, Charles. 1970 [1904]. p. 494. ISBN 0-7153-5120-6.
  15. ^ Addeyman, John F, ed. (2020). North Eastern Railway Engine Sheds. North Eastern Railway Association. p. 165. ISBN 978-1-911360-26-1.
  16. ^ Wilkinson, George (3 March 2007). "Slapewath". York Press. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
  17. ^ "X93: Buses from Scarborough to Middlesbrough". getdown.org.uk. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
  18. ^ "A linear walk on the Cleveland Way from Kildale to Slapewath via Roseberry Topping-FULLY BOOKED - Ramblers". ramblers.org.uk. 28 June 2023. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
  19. ^ "£200,000 scheme to prevent or reduce road accidents is cleared". The Northern Echo. 11 July 2001. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
  20. ^ "Roadworks completed on time". Middlesbrough Herald and Post. No. 455. 6 May 1992. p. 3. OCLC 751402822.
  21. ^ UK Census (2011). "Local Area Report – Lockwood Parish (E04000264)". Nomis. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
  22. ^ Hoole, Ken (1984). Forgotten railways, North-East England. Newton Abbot: David & Charles. p. 68. ISBN 0946537100.
  23. ^ Historic England. "Railway Viaduct, Fancy Bank, Slapewath (Grade II) (1400090)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
  24. ^ Murphy, Richard. "Richard Murphy recounts his lone quest to protect Slapewath Viaduct: Getting a structure listed". forgottenrelics.org. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
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