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Skien

Coordinates: 59°12′29″N 9°33′10″E / 59.20806°N 9.55278°E / 59.20806; 9.55278
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This article is about the municipality in Telemark, Norway. For the town and urban area within this municipality, see Skien (town).
Skien Municipality
Skien kommune
Municipality
View of the city centre
View of the city centre
Flag of Skien Municipality
Flag
Coat of arms of Skien Municipality
Coat of arms
Telemark within Norway
Telemark within Norway
Skien within Telemark
Skien within Telemark
Coordinates: 59°12′29″N 9°33′10″E / 59.20806°N 9.55278°E / 59.20806; 9.55278
CountryNorway
CountyTelemark
DistrictGrenland
Established1 Jan 1838
 • Created asFormannskapsdistrikt
Administrative centreSkien
Government
 • Mayor (2023)Marius Roheim Aarvold (H)
Area
 • Total
779.19 km2 (300.85 sq mi)
 • Land718.97 km2 (277.60 sq mi)
 • Water60.22 km2 (23.25 sq mi)  7.7%
 • Rank#147 in Norway
Population
 (2023)
 • Total
55,924
 • Rank#18 in Norway
 • Density77.8/km2 (202/sq mi)
 • Change (10 years)
Increase +5.5%
DemonymsSkiensmann (male)
Skienskvinne (female)
Skiensfolk[1]
Official language
[2]
 • Norwegian formNeutral
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
ISO 3166 codeNO-4003[3]
WebsiteOfficial website
Data from Statistics Norway

Skien (Norwegian: [ˈʂêːən] ⓘ)[4] is a municipality in Telemark county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Grenland, although historically it belonged to Grenmar/Skiensfjorden, while Grenland referred the Norsjø area and Bø. The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Skien, which is also the administrative centre of the whole county. Some of the notable villages in the municipality include Åfoss, Hoppestad, Klovholt, Luksefjell, Melum, Kilebygda, Skotfoss, Sneltvedt, and Valebø.[4]

The 779-square-kilometre (301 sq mi) municipality is the 147th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Skien is the 18th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 55,924. The municipality's population density is 77.8 inhabitants per square kilometre (202/sq mi) and its population has increased by 5.5% over the previous 10-year period.[5][6] The conurbation of Porsgrunn/Skien is reckoned by Statistics Norway to be the seventh largest urban area in Norway, straddling an area of three municipalities: Skien municipality (about 62% of the population), Porsgrunn Municipality (30%), and Bamble Municipality (8%). This entire area is home to more than 100,000 people.

The municipality has existed since 1838, but the city of Skien is one of Norway's oldest cities, with an urban history dating back to the Middle Ages, and received privileges as a market town in 1358. From the 15th century, the city was governed by a 12-member council. Skien was historically a centre of seafaring, timber exports, and early industrialization. It was one of Norway's two or three largest cities between the 16th and 19th centuries. It was also one of Norway's most internationally oriented cities, with extensive contact with its export markets in the Low Countries, the United Kingdom, and Denmark. It retained its position as Eastern Norway's leading commercial city until the 19th century, when it gradually started to lose importance to the emerging capital of Christiania following the Napoleonic Wars.[7] The city was the birthplace of playwright Henrik Ibsen, and many of his famous dramas are set in places reminiscent of early 19th-century Skien.

General information

[edit]

The town of Skien was established as an urban municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt law). On 1 January 1856, an area of Gjerpen Municipality (population: 1,286) was annexed by the growing town of Skien. Again, on 1 July 1916, another area of Gjerpen Municipality (population: 1,332) and an area of Solum Municipality (population: 1,042) was annexed by the growing town of Skien. During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee. On 1 January 1964, the town of Skien (population: 15,805) was merged with the neighboring Solum Municipality (population: 13,706) and Gjerpen Municipality (population: 15,300) plus the Valebø area of Holla Municipality (population: 259). These areas became the new Skien Municipality.[8]

Name

[edit]

The municipality (originally the town of Skien) is named after the Skien river (Old Norse: Skiða) since it ran through the town. The name is the plural genitive case of the word skið which means "ski", likely referring to the straight path of the river.[4][9]

Coat of arms

[edit]

The coat of arms is derived from the oldest known seal of the city, dating back to 1609. The blazon is "Gules, two crossed ski-poles with central star between two skis addorsed between two flower plants issuant from a terrace in base Or". This means the arms have a red field (background) and the charge is a two ski poles forming a cross with a star at the crosspoint located in between two skis which in turn are between two tall flower plants growing out of a flat ground at the bottom of the shield. A mural crown is usually displayed above the shield. The charge has a tincture of Or which means it is commonly colored yellow, but if it is made out of metal, then gold is used. The skis are a semi-canting element (based on the meaning of the town's name) and the cross is a religious symbol. There have been several theories about the meaning of the cross, but its meaning is not clearly known. It has been suggested that it is a symbol for the main church in Skien, the Holy Cross church. The small star may be a symbol of St. Mary as the second medieval church of Skien was devoted to her. Besides the skis and cross, there are two meadow buttercups on each side. The municipal flag is white with a small image of coat of arms next to the name "Skien kommune".[10][11][12]

In 1854, the arms were shown as two skis, but the cross was now made from ski poles, as another canting element. This remained so until the early half of the 20th century. In the 1980s, the city officially adopted the current arms, which are identical to the oldest seal. The colours are the colours that have been used since the 19th century. The differences between the seal and the present arms are that in the arms the cross is placed on top of the skis and the star is changed from a four-pointed star to a six-pointed star, and that the cross is made of ski-poles.[10]

See also: Arms of Alvdal and Trysil

History

[edit]
Frogner Manor in Skien

Until 1979, it was thought that Skien was founded in the 14th century. However, the archaeological discovery of a carving of the Skien animal has established that its founding preceded 1000 A.D. The city was then a meeting place for inland farmers and marine traders, and also a centre for trading whetstones from Eidsborg (inland Telemark). Gimsøy Abbey was founded in the 12th century. Skien was given formal commercial town rights by the Norwegian crown in 1358. Timber has historically been the principal export from Skien, and in the sixteenth century the city became the Kingdom's leading port for shipping timber. The oldest remaining building is Gjerpen church (built in approximately 1150).

From the 16th century, the city came to be dominated by a group of families known as patricians. In an 1882 letter to Georg Brandes, Henrik Ibsen mentions the families Paus, Plesner, von der Lippe, Cappelen and Blom as the most prominent patrician families when he grew up there.[13] The current town layout was fixed after the last town fire in 1886.

Government

[edit]

Skien Municipality is responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, welfare and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council.[14] The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Telemark District Court and the Agder Court of Appeal.

Municipal council

[edit]

The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Skien is made up of 55 representatives that are elected to four-year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political party.

Skien kommunestyre 2023–2027 [15]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 13
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 9
  Green Party (Miljøpartiet De Grønne) 2
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 13
  Industry and Business Party (Industri‑ og Næringspartiet) 3
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 3
  Norway Democrats (Norgesdemokratene) 1
  Red Party (Rødt) 3
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 3
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 4
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
Total number of members:55
Skien kommunestyre 2019–2023 [16]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 18
  People's Action No to More Road Tolls (Folkeaksjonen nei til mer bompenger) 1
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 5
  Green Party (Miljøpartiet De Grønne) 3
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 10
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 3
  Red Party (Rødt) 3
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 6
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
 City party (Bypartiet)2
Total number of members:55
Skien kommunestyre 2015–2019 [17][18]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 19
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 6
  Green Party (Miljøpartiet De Grønne) 2
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 9
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 4
  Red Party (Rødt) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 2
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 2
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
 City party (Bypartiet)8
Total number of members:55
Skien kommunestyre 2011–2015 [19]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 21
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 7
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 15
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 4
  Red Party (Rødt) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 1
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 3
Total number of members:55
Skien kommunestyre 2007–2011 [18]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 21
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 14
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 6
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 5
  Red Electoral Alliance (Rød Valgallianse) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 1
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 4
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 3
Total number of members:55
Skien kommunestyre 2003–2007 [18]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 18
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 11
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 5
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 4
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 2
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 8
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
Total number of members:49
Skien kommunestyre 1999–2003 [18][20]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 17
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 9
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 8
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 6
  Red Electoral Alliance (Rød Valgallianse) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 1
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 5
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:49
Skien kommunestyre 1995–1999 [21]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 23
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 11
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 11
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 7
  Pensioners' Party (Pensjonistpartiet) 5
  Red Electoral Alliance (Rød Valgallianse) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 4
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 5
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:69
Skien kommunestyre 1991–1995 [22]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 21
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 5
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 14
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 8
  Red Electoral Alliance (Rød Valgallianse) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 6
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 12
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:69
Skien kommunestyre 1987–1991 [23]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 29
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 9
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 16
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 6
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 1
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 5
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 3
Total number of members:69
Skien kommunestyre 1983–1987 [24]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 34
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 3
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 18
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 7
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 1
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 4
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:69
Skien kommunestyre 1979–1983 [25]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 34
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 1
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 20
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 11
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 3
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 4
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 4
Total number of members:77
Skien kommunestyre 1975–1979 [26]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 33
  Anders Lange's Party (Anders Langes parti) 1
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 14
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 13
  New People's Party (Nye Folkepartiet) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 4
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 7
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 3
Total number of members:77
Skien kommunestyre 1971–1975 [27]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 37
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 11
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 8
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 4
  Socialist People's Party (Sosialistisk Folkeparti) 6
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 8
 Socialist common list (Venstresosialistiske felleslister)3
Total number of members:77
Skien kommunestyre 1967–1971 [28]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 39
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 10
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 1
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 6
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 3
  Socialist People's Party (Sosialistisk Folkeparti) 8
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 10
Total number of members:77
Skien kommunestyre 1963–1967 [29]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 42
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 10
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 2
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 6
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 2
  Socialist People's Party (Sosialistisk Folkeparti) 5
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 10
Total number of members:77
Skien bystyre 1959–1963 [30]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 30
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 12
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 4
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 6
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 9
Total number of members:61
Skien bystyre 1955–1959 [31]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 29
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 11
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 6
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 6
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 9
Total number of members:61
Skien bystyre 1951–1955 [32]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 26
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 10
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 6
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 5
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 13
Total number of members:60
Skien bystyre 1947–1951 [33]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 17
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 8
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 9
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 4
  Joint list of the Liberal Party (Venstre) and the Radical People's Party (Radikale Folkepartiet) 14
Total number of members:52
Skien bystyre 1945–1947 [34]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 19
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 6
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 12
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 6
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 9
Total number of members:52
Skien bystyre 1937–1940* [35]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 24
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 11
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 4
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 21
Total number of members:60
Note: Due to the German occupation of Norway during World War II, no elections were held for new municipal councils until after the war ended in 1945.
Skien bystyre 1934–1937 [36]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 23
  Free-minded People's Party (Frisinnede Folkeparti) 5
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 10
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 5
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 17
Total number of members:60
Skien bystyre 1931–1934 [37]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 17
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 8
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 18
  Joint list of the Conservative Party (Høyre) and the Free-minded People's Party (Frisinnede Folkeparti) 15
  Joint List(s) of Non-Socialist Parties (Borgerlige Felleslister) 2
Total number of members:60
Skien bystyre 1928–1931 [38]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 17
  Free-minded Liberal Party (Frisinnede Venstre) 7
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 10
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 10
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 16
Total number of members:60
Skien bystyre 1925–1928 [39]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 3
  Temperance Party (Avholdspartiet) 6
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 13
  Social Democratic Labour Party
(Socialdemokratiske Arbeiderparti)		 7
  Joint list of the Conservative Party (Høyre) and the Free-minded Liberal Party (Frisinnede Venstre) 8
  Joint list of the Liberal Party (Venstre) and the Labour Democrats (Arbeiderdemokratene) 7
 Workers' Common List (Arbeidernes fellesliste)16
Total number of members:60
Skien bystyre 1922–1925 [40]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 19
  Temperance Party (Avholdspartiet) 10
  Labour Democrats (Arbeiderdemokratene) 1
  Social Democratic Labour Party
(Socialdemokratiske Arbeiderparti)		 5
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 4
  Joint list of the Conservative Party (Høyre) and the Free-minded Liberal Party (Frisinnede Venstre) 21
Total number of members:60
Skien bystyre 1919–1922 [41]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 18
  Free-minded Liberal Party (Frisinnede Venstre) 6
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 16
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 5
  Joint list of the Temperance Party (Avholdspartiet) and the Labour Democrats (Arbeiderdemokratene) 7
Total number of members:52

Mayors

[edit]

The mayors (Norwegian: ordfører) of Skien:[42]

Transportation

[edit]
Riksvei 36: Gunnar Knudsens Veg

Roads

[edit]

The European route E18 highway runs through neighboring Porsgrunn and it connects to the Norwegian national road 36 which is the main road through Skien. It follows along the Skienselva river to the north. Another main route used by most buses coming from Oslo is Norwegian county road 32 which goes through Siljan and on to the northeast.

Water

[edit]

Skien is the main terminus for the Telemark Canal. The "Norsjø-Skienskanalen" section of the canal, with one terminus at Skien and the other at Løveid, was built in 1854–1861. In Europe, canals were commonly built in the pre-railroad period to transport goods, timber, and passengers. The "Porsgrunn river" runs from the lock at Skien through Porsgrunn to the Frierfjord. Skien harbour is located at Vold havneterminal.

Railroads

[edit]

Skien was connected to the Norwegian railway network (Vestfoldbanen) in 1882. In 1919, Bratsbergbanen railway line opened between Skien and Notodden. Vy still operates regular train services on both railways.

Air

[edit]

The local airport was Skien Airport, Geiteryggen. It served domestic flights to Bergen and Stavanger as well as flights to Trondheim by the airline Vildanden. For the present, no commercial flights are operated from Geiteryggen.[45]

Culture and recreation

[edit]
Skien Church
Skien Secondary school, Dept. Brekkeby

Churches

[edit]

The Church of Norway has seven parishes (sokn) within the municipality of Skien. It is part of the Skien prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Agder og Telemark.

Churches in Skien
Parish (sokn) Church name Location of the church Year built
Borgestad Borgestad Church Borgestad 1907
Gimsøy og Nenset Gimsøy Church Gimsøy 1922
Nenset Church Tollnes 1961
Gjerpen Gjerpen Church Skien 1153
Luksefjell Church Luksefjell 1858
Valebø Church Valebø 1903
Gulset og Skotfoss Gulset Church Gulset 1986
Skotfoss Church Skotfoss 1900
Kilebygda og Solum Kilebygda Church Kilebygda 1859
Solum Church Solum 1766
Melum Melum Church Melum 1728
Skien Skien Church Skien 1894

Skien Church is the largest church in Telemark county, and is famous for its two twin towers and great organ.

Ibsen and Telemark Museums

[edit]

Skien was the birthplace of the author and playwright Henrik Ibsen, probably the most important writer to emerge from Norway. Many of Ibsen's plays are set in an unnamed provincial town that suggests Skien. The former Ibsen family homestead at Venstøp outside Skien was established as the Ibsen Museum in 1958. The Ibsen Museum has now been incorporated into the multi-site Telemark Museum, which includes several other historical sites.

Music and entertainment

[edit]

Ibsenhuset is the local culture and conference center in Skien. It also houses concerts by international and national artists, opera, theatre and other cultural events. Skien kunstforening has a department in Ibsenhuset, and the local culture school and library are also located in the building. The venue is also home to the regional symphony orchestra, Grenland Symfoniorkester.

Teater Ibsen is the city theatre, and is still used for small productions.

In the summer of 2009 Elton John held a concert at the new Skagerak Arena, the soccer pitch for the local footfall team Odd. Next to Skagerak Arena is Stevneplassen, where car shows, concerts, flea markets and the annual "Handelsstevnet" – a trade fair with entertainment and a small amusement park – are held. The Handelsstevnet was closed down after the annual fair in 2011.

In Skotfoss, a small suburb of Skien further up the Telemark Canal, concerts are held at Løveid Sluser. There are plans to hold cultural events and concerts at Klosterøya (a downtown graffiti park).

Amusement parks

[edit]

There are no local amusement parks in Skien. Lekeland was a small amusement park for children just outside the town, but it closed in 2008. Every year there is a traveling carnival with rides and merry-go-arounds for a week, in "Stevneplassen". There is an indoor waterpark and a big outdoor climbing park in Skien Fritidspark.[46]

Frogner Manor in Skien

[edit]

Frogner Manor [no] (Frogner Hovedgård) is a manor house on the outskirts of Skien. The manor house was built for shipowner and timber merchant Christopher Hansen Blom (died 1879) and his wife Marie Elisabeth (Cappelen) Blom (died 1834). The main building is influenced by Italian Renaissance architecture. The garden was laid out in English landscape style in the 1850s.[47]

Kapitelberget church ruins

Kapitelberget

[edit]

The Church on Kapitelberget (Kirken på Kapitelberget) was a medieval church. Kapitelberget was a private chapel on Bratsberg farm dating to the early 1100s. It is not known when the church went out of use, but Bratsberg farm burned down in 1156. in 1576, Peder Claussøn Friis reviewed it as a ruin. The site was first excavated in 1901. In 1928, Gerhard Fischer undertook restoration and preservation. The work was completed in 1933. [48][49]

Economy

[edit]

Media

[edit]

The daily newspapers Varden and Telemarksavisa are published in Skien. The local television for Telemark, TVTelemark, is located in Skien.

Commerce and industry

[edit]

The largest industries are ABB Asea Brown Boveri (engineering firm), Norske Skog Union (a paper mill which was closed down in the spring of 2006), and EFD Induction (induction heating and induction welding).

Other important places of work are Telemark Hospital and Telemark county municipality. Agder Court of Appeal is located in Skien.

Because the E18 highway lies outside of the metropolitan area of Grenland, Skien has lost many important companies to the cities in Vestfold.[citation needed]

Shopping

[edit]

Skien has three shopping malls:

  • Handelsbyen Herkules (110 stores and services)
  • Arkaden Skien Storsenter (47 stores and services)
  • Lietorvet Senter (28 stores and services)

Sports

[edit]

Notable people

[edit]
Main category: People from Skien
Severin Løvenskiold, 1854
Gunnar Knudsen

Public service & public thinking

[edit]
Henrik Ibsen, 1895
Pål Flåta, 2016

The arts

[edit]

Sport

[edit]
Dag Erik Pedersen, 2008
Tommy Svindal Larsen, 2010

Twin towns – sister cities

[edit]
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Norway

Skien is twinned with:

[edit]
  • The harbour in the centre of Skien
    The harbour in the centre of Skien
  • The harbour
    The harbour
  • The main bank in Skien (Skien sparebank)
    The main bank in Skien (Skien sparebank)
  • Skien Station
    Skien Station

References

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  1. ^ "Navn på steder og personer: Innbyggjarnamn" (in Norwegian). Språkrådet.
  2. ^ "Forskrift om målvedtak i kommunar og fylkeskommunar" (in Norwegian). Lovdata.no.
  3. ^ Bolstad, Erik; Thorsnæs, Geir, eds. (26 January 2023). "Kommunenummer". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Kunnskapsforlaget.
  4. ^ a b c Thorsnæs, Geir; Lundbo, Sten, eds. (15 August 2023). "Skien". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 24 September 2023.
  5. ^ Statistisk sentralbyrå. "Table: 06913: Population 1 January and population changes during the calendar year (M)" (in Norwegian).
  6. ^ Statistisk sentralbyrå. "09280: Area of land and fresh water (km²) (M)" (in Norwegian).
  7. ^ Haave, Jørgen (2017). Familien Ibsen. Museumsforlaget. ISBN 9788283050455.
  8. ^ Jukvam, Dag (1999). "Historisk oversikt over endringer i kommune- og fylkesinndelingen" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Statistisk sentralbyrå. ISBN 9788253746845.
  9. ^ Rygh, Oluf (1914). Norske gaardnavne: Bratsbergs amt (in Norwegian) (7 ed.). Kristiania, Norge: W. C. Fabritius & sønners bogtrikkeri. pp. 126–127.
  10. ^ a b "Civic heraldry of Norway - Norske Kommunevåpen". Heraldry of the World. Retrieved 24 September 2023.
  11. ^ "Skien, Telemark (Norway)". Flags of the World. Retrieved 24 September 2023.
  12. ^ "Skien kommune, våpen". Digitalarkivet (in Norwegian). Arkivverket. Retrieved 24 September 2023.
  13. ^ Ibsen, Henrik (21 September 1882), "Letter to Georg Brandes", Henrik Ibsens skrifter, University of Oslo
  14. ^ Hansen, Tore; Vabo, Signy Irene, eds. (20 September 2022). "kommunestyre". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
  15. ^ "Kommunestyrevalg 2023 - Telemark". Valgdirektoratet. Retrieved 29 January 2024.
  16. ^ "Kommunestyrevalg 2019 - Vestfold og Telemark". Valg Direktoratet. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
  17. ^ "Kommunestyrevalg 2015 - Telemark". Valg Direktoratet.
  18. ^ a b c d "Table: 04813: Members of the local councils, by party/electoral list at the Municipal Council election (M)" (in Norwegian). Statistics Norway.
  19. ^ "Kommunestyrevalg 2011 - Telemark". Valg Direktoratet.
  20. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1999" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger, Norge: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 2000. ISBN 8253748531. ISSN 0332-8023.
  21. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1995" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger, Norge: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1996. ISBN 8253743351. ISSN 0332-8023.
  22. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1991" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger, Norge: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1993. ISBN 8253737939. ISSN 0332-8023.
  23. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1987" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger, Norge: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1988. ISBN 8253726325. ISSN 0332-8023.
  24. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1983" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger, Norge: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1984. ISBN 8253720378. ISSN 0332-8023.
  25. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1979" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo, Norge: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1979. ISBN 8253710836. ISSN 0332-8023.
  26. ^ "Kommunevalgene 1975" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo, Norge: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1977. ISBN 8253705646.
  27. ^ "Kommunevalgene 1972" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo, Norge: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1973. ISBN 8253701144.
  28. ^ "Kommunevalgene 1967" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo, Norge: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1967.
  29. ^ "Kommunevalgene 1963" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo, Norge: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1964.
  30. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1959" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo, Norge: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1960.
  31. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1955" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo, Norge: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1957.
  32. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1951" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1952.
  33. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1947" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1948.
  34. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1945" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1947.
  35. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1937" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1938.
  36. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1934" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo, Norge: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1935.
  37. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1931" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo, Norge: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1932.
  38. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1928" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo, Norge: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1929.
  39. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1925" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo, Norge: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1926.
  40. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1922" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo, Norge: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1923.
  41. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1919" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo, Norge: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1920.
  42. ^ "Ørdførerne i Skien, Gjerpen, og Solum". Gjerpenu.net (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 20 October 2018. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
  43. ^ "Aarvold (28) kan bli ordfører i Skien". NRK (in Norwegian). 12 September 2023. Retrieved 29 January 2024.
  44. ^ "Ny ordfører i 15 uker". NRK (in Norwegian). 11 May 2024. Retrieved 11 May 2024.
  45. ^ NRK. "Synd at flyplassen blir lagt ned". nrk.no. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
  46. ^ "Badeland, Skien fritidspark". visitgrenland.no. Retrieved 6 February 2009.
  47. ^ "Blom – slekt fra Skien". Store norske leksikon. Archived from the original on 21 March 2016. Retrieved 1 February 2016.
  48. ^ Wilhelm Swensen. "Kirken på Kapitelberget". Porsgrunn biblioteks. Retrieved 1 September 2016.
  49. ^ Jon Gunnar Arntzen. "Bratsberg". Store norske leksikon. Retrieved 1 September 2016.
  50. ^ Gosse, Edmund William (1911). "Ibsen, Henrik" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 14 (11th ed.). pp. 224–226.
  51. ^ Biography for Rolf Christensen at IMDb. Retrieved 24 December 2020
  52. ^ Biography for Knut Wigert at IMDb. Retrieved 24 December 2020
  53. ^ Biography for Yngvar Numme at IMDb. Retrieved 22 December 2020
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