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Sinopa

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Sinopa
Temporal range: 50.5–39.7 Ma Early to Middle Eocene
Sinopa major skeleton
Sinopa rapax skeleton
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: †Hyaenodonta
Family: †Sinopidae
Genus: †Sinopa
Leidy, 1871
Type species
†Sinopa rapax
Leidy, 1871
Species
  • †S. jilinia (Morlo, 2014)[1]
  • †S. lania (Matthew, 1909)[2]
  • †S. longipes (Peterson, 1919)[3]
  • †S. major (Wortman, 1902)[4]
  • †S. minor (Wortman, 1902)
  • †S. piercei (Bown, 1982)[5]
  • †S. pungens (Cope, 1872)[6]
  • †S. rapax (Leidy, 1871)[7]
Synonyms[8]
synonyms of genus:
  • Mimocyon (Peterson, 1919)
  • Proviverroides (Bown, 1982)
  • Stypolophus (Cope, 1872)
  • Triacodon (Marsh, 1871)
synonyms of species:
  • S. longipes:
    • Miacis longipes (Simpson, 1945)
    • Mimocyon longipes (Peterson, 1919)
    • Proviverra longipes (Dawson, 1980)
  • S. major:
    • Proviverra grangeri (Van Valen, 1965)[9]
    • Proviverra major (Gustafson, 1986)[10]
    • Sinopa grangeri (Matthew, 1906)
  • S. minor:
    • Proviverra minor (Van Valen, 1965)
  • S. piercei:
    • Proviverroides piercei (Bown, 1982)
  • S. pungens:
    • Proviverra pungens (Van Valen, 1965)
    • Stypolophus pungens (Cope, 1872)
  • S. rapax:
    • Proviverra rapax (Van Valen, 1965)
    • Sinopa aculeatus (Cope, 1871)[11]
    • Stypolophus aculeatus (Cope, 1872)
    • Stypolophus rapax
    • Triacodon aculeatus (Cope, 1872)
    • Triacodon fallax (Marsh, 1872)

Sinopa ("swift fox")[12] is an extinct genus of placental mammals from extinct family Sinopidae within extinct order Hyaenodonta, that lived in North America and Asia from the early to middle Eocene.[13][14]

Description

[edit]

Sinopa was a small genus of hyaenodontid mammals. Its carnassial teeth were the second upper molar and the lower third. Sinopa species had an estimated weight of 1.33 to 13.97 kilograms.[15] The type specimen was found in the Bridger formation in Uinta County, Wyoming, and existed 50.3 to 46.2 million years ago.

Taxonomy

[edit]

The putative African species "Sinopa" ethiopica from Egypt was considered a species of Metasinopa by Savage (1965), although Holroyd (1994) considered it a potential new genus related to Quasiapterodon.[16]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ M. Morlo, K. Bastl, W. Wu and S. F. K. Schaal (2014.) "The first species of Sinopa (Hyaenodontida, Mammalia) from outside of North America: implications for the history of the genus in the Eocene of Asia and North America." Palaeontology 57(1):111-125
  2. ^ W. D. Matthew (1909.) "The Carnivora and Insectivora of the Bridger Basin, middle Eocene." Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History 9:289-567
  3. ^ O. A. Peterson (1919.) "Report Upon the Material Discovered in the Upper Eocene of the Uinta Basin by Earl Douglas in the Years 1908-1909, and by O. A. Peterson in 1912." Annals of Carnegie Museum 12(2):40-168
  4. ^ J. L. Wortman (1902.) "Studies of Eocene Mammalia in the Marsh Collection, Peabody Museum." The American Journal of Science, series 4 14(79):17-23
  5. ^ T. M. Bown (1982.) "Geology, Paleontology, and Correlation of Eocene Volcaniclastic Rocks, Southeast Absaroka Range, Hot Springs County, Wyoming." United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 1201-A:A1-A75
  6. ^ E. D. Cope (1872.) "Second account of new Vertebrata from the Bridger Eocene." Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society (separate) 1-3
  7. ^ J. Leidy (1871) "Remarks on fossil vertebrates from Wyoming." Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 23(2):228-229
  8. ^ J. Alroy (2002.) "Synonymies and reidentifications of North American fossil mammals."
  9. ^ L. Van Valen (1965.) "Some European Proviverrini (Mammalia, Deltatheridia)." Palaeontology 8(4):638-665
  10. ^ E. P. Gustafson (1986.) "Carnivorous mammals of the Late Eocene and Early Oligocene of Trans-Pecos Texas." Texas Memorial Museum Bulletin 33:1-66
  11. ^ E. D. Cope (1871.) "Descriptions of some new Vertebrata from the Bridger Group of the Eocene." Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 12:460-465
  12. ^ Floréal Solé; Jocelyn Falconnet; Laurent Yves (2014). "New proviverrines (Hyaenodontida) from the early Eocene of Europe; phylogeny and ecological evolution of the Proviverrinae". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 171 (4): 878–917. doi:10.1111/zoj.12155.
  13. ^ "Sinopa". The Paleobiology Database. Retrieved 3 May 2011.
  14. ^ Tomiya, S.; Zack, S. P.; Spaulding, M.; Flynn, J. J. (2021). "Carnivorous mammals from the middle Eocene Washakie Formation, Wyoming, USA, and their diversity trajectory in a post-warming world". Journal of Paleontology. 95 (Supplement S82): 1–115. Bibcode:2021JPal...95S...1T. doi:10.1017/jpa.2020.74. hdl:2433/274918.
  15. ^ Egi, Naoko (2001). "Body mass estimates in extinct mammals from limb bone dimensions: the case of North American hyaenodontids" (PDF). Palaeontology. 44 (3): 497–528. Bibcode:2001Palgy..44..497E. doi:10.1111/1475-4983.00189. S2CID 128832577. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-04-13. Retrieved 2021-03-19.
  16. ^ Lewis, M. E., Morlo, M. (2010): Creodonta. – In : Werdelin, L., Sanders, W. (eds), Cenozoic Mammals of Africa. University of California Press, Berkeley, pp. 543–560. https://doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520257214.003.0026

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