Sinking of the SS Tanais
| History | |
|---|---|
| Name |
|
| Namesake | Tanais (1935–1944) |
| Owner |
|
| Operator |
|
| Port of registry | |
| Builder | John Blumer & Co, Sunderland |
| Yard number | 193 |
| Launched | 14 December 1906 |
| Completed | January 1907 |
| Identification |
|
| Fate | Torpedoed and sunk on 9 June 1944 |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | Cargo ship |
| Tonnage | 1,545 GRT 965 NRT |
| Length | 244.4 ft (74.5 m) |
| Beam | 38.0 ft (11.6 m) |
| Draught | 16 ft 7 in (5.05 m) |
| Depth | 15.8 ft (4.8 m) |
| Decks | 1 |
| Installed power | 214 NHP |
| Propulsion | 3-cylinder triple-expansion engine |
| Speed | 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) |
| Crew | 12 + 14 anti-aircraft gunners |
SS Tanais (Greek: Τάναϊς), mistakenly referred to as Danae or Danais (Δανάη / Δαναΐς), was a British-built, Greek-owned cargo ship that German occupational forces in Greece requisitioned in World War II. On 9 June 1944, Royal Navy submarine HMS Vivid sank her off Heraklion, Crete, with Tanais sinking in just 12 seconds. Almost everyone onboard died, including hundreds of deported Cretan Jews and Christians and Italian prisoners of war who were onboard. Sources differ as to the number of people who died in the sinking; estimates vary between 425 and 1,000.[1]
The ship
[edit]John Blumer and Co Ltd of Sunderland, England built the ship as Holywood for William France, Fenwick and Company of London. She was launched on 14 December 1906 and completed in January 1907.[2] She was a cargo steamship, and France, Fenwick operated her in the tramp trade.
A Greek shipowner, Stefanos Synodinos, bought her in 1935, renamed her Tanais[3] after the ancient Greek city of Tanais in the Don delta and registered her in Piraeus.
On 26 May 1941 during the Battle of Crete the Luftwaffe sank Tanais in Souda Bay. She was raised, repaired and taken over by Mittelmeer-Reederei (MMR), a company controlled by the German government that operated merchant ships in the Mediterranean theatre of the war. MMR used her to carry cargo and people between the Aegean Islands and Greek mainland.[4][5]
Sinking
[edit]On late 8 or early 9 June 1944 Tanais, escorted by the submarine hunter UJ 2142 and guard ships GK 05 and GK 06, sailed from Heraklion bound for Piraeus.[6] In her holds were three groups of prisoners: about 265 Jews deported from Chania[7] who had been rounded up a few days before, up to 400 Cretan gentiles linked with the Cretan resistance, and between 100 and 300 pro-Badoglio Italian prisoners of war who had been arrested after the Armistice of Cassibile.[1] Sources differ as to the numbers of Cretan and Italian prisoners. Among those on board the ship were Jews from Crete. On 20 May 1944 276 Cretan Jews were arrested and loaded together with Greek underground fighters aboard Tanais which made her way to the port of Piraeus. The plan was to transfer the community to the Haidari concentration camp and from there to deport them to Auschwitz.[8][9][10]
On the morning of 9 June, the Royal Navy submarine HMS Vivid sighted Tanais 14 nautical miles (26 km; 16 mi) northwest of the islet of Dia at 35°35′N 25°11′E / 35.583°N 25.183°E. Vivid fired a spread of four torpedoes at a range of 2,400 yards (2,200 m). Two hit Tanais, sinking her in just 12 seconds.[6][11][12] The number of people who died in the sinking is unknown, but it is believed to include most of the people aboard. One source says only 14 people survived;[4] another puts the total rescued at 51.[6]
See also
[edit]Citations
[edit]- ^ a b Spector, Shmuel (2001). The Encyclopedia of Jewish Life Before and During the Holocaust. Vol. I: A–J. Yad Vashem; New York University Press. p. 282. ISBN 0814793762.
- ^ "Holywood". Sunderland Built Ships. North East Maritime Forum. Retrieved 12 November 2020.
- ^ "Steamers & Motorships". Lloyd's Register (PDF). Vol. II. London: Lloyd's Register. 1936. Retrieved 11 November 2020 – via Plimsoll Ship Data.
- ^ a b "Tanais". Griechische Schiffsverluste (in German). Das Historische Marinearchiv.
- ^ "Deutsche Mittelmeer-Reederei 1943–1944, Schiffe über 1000 BRT". Mittelmeer-Reederei (in German). Württembergische Landesbibliothek. 21 February 2016.
- ^ a b c Helgason, Guðmundur. "HMS Vivid (P 77)". Uboat.net.
- ^ "1944 Juni". Chronik des Seekrieges 1939–1945 (in German). Württembergische Landesbibliothek. 15 March 2019.
- ^ Fleming 2008, p. 110.
- ^ Chandrinos & Droumpouki 2018, pp. 30–31.
- ^ Tullia Santin: Der Holocaust in den Zeugnissen griechischer Jüdinnen und Juden (= Zeitgeschichtliche Forschungen. Band 20). Duncker & Humblot 2003, ISBN 3-428-10722-5. Berlin, Freie Univ., Diss., 2001 Santin, p. 26.
- ^ Tarrant, VE (1994). The Last Year of the Kriegsmarine: May 1944 – May 1945. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. p. 117. ISBN 1557505101.
- ^ Lettens, Jan (31 December 2018). "SS Tanais (Vivid) (+1944)". Retrieved 12 November 2020.
References
[edit]- Chandrinos, Iason; Droumpouki, Anna Maria (2018). "The German Occupation and the Holocaust in Greece: A Survey". The Holocaust in Greece. Cambridge University Press. pp. 15–35. ISBN 978-1-108-47467-2.
- Fleming, Katherine Elizabeth (2008). Greece: A Jewish History. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-10272-6.
External links
[edit]- "Ναυάγιο Tanais (Δανάη) 9/6/1944 Η εξόντωση των τελευταίων Εβραίων της Κρήτης" (PDF). Ιστοριες Απο Τη Δεκαετια Του '40 (in Greek). January 2016.
Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in May 1941 | |
|---|---|
| Shipwrecks |
|
| Other incidents |
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- 1906 ships
- 1941 in Greece
- 1944 in Greece
- Crete in World War II
- Maritime incidents in May 1941
- Maritime incidents in June 1944
- Ships built on the River Wear
- Ships sunk by British submarines
- Shipwrecks of Greece
- Steamships of Germany
- Steamships of Greece
- Steamships of the United Kingdom
- World War I merchant ships of the United Kingdom
- World War II merchant ships of Germany
- World War II merchant ships of Greece
- World War II shipwrecks in the Aegean Sea