Siege of Bila Tserkva (1711)
| Siege of Bila Tserkva (1711) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Pylyp Orlyk's March on the Right-bank Ukraine and the Great Northern War | ||||||||
 Zamkova Hill (Bila Tserkva) | ||||||||
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| Belligerents | ||||||||
|
 Ottoman Empire |
 Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth |
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| Commanders and leaders | ||||||||
 Devlet II Giray Ahmed III |
Augustus II |
 Colonel Annenkov Colonel Tansky | ||||||
| Strength | ||||||||
| 10,000 Tatars | 10,000 Zaporozhian Cossacks | 500 Russians | ||||||
Siege of Bila Tserkva 1711 in 25—27 March 1711 took place during the Pylyp Orlyk's campaign of 1713 against the Russian Tsardom and against Tatars on the Right Bank.
The siege of city
[edit]After the victory near Lysianka, the road to Bila Tserkva was cleared. This time the army moved slowly so that it reached Bila Tserkva region around March 18.
While advancing in the Syniava — Rokytne area, the army started to experience problems with provisions — hence the requisitions of the population intensified. As a result, the discipline was shaken — not only Tatars but also Poles allowed themselves violence against the civilian population.[1]
In such difficult conditions, the army spent another week crossing the Ros — the dam and the bridge near Syniava were destroyed, and the help of the locals was needed.[2]
The siege of Bila Tserkva started on March 25. The city was well fortified, it housed the Moscow garrison. The fortress was well supplied with everything necessary to keep the siege; shortly before the arrival of the Orlyk's army, ammunition and provisions were delivered.[3] The garrison of Bila Tserkva was quite small: it consisted of 500 Russians under the command of Colonel Annenkov, and parts of the Bila Tserkva Cossacks of Colonel Tansky, loyal to the Moscow tsar.[4] Orlyk's forces at that time numbered about 10,000 Zaporozhian Cossacks and the Right-bank Cossacks who joined him, as well as Tatars and Poles.[5]
The siege of the city began, but the number of attackers did not play a significant role in this process: the Tatar-Polish cavalry could not help in the siege, and it all depended on whether Orlyk managed to seize the fortress with the technical means he had at his disposal. There was almost no artillery in Orlyk's army; there were only 4 or 5 canons.[6] It was not possible to achieve the desired effect with the existing resources.
Despite the besieging of the town, the garrison of the fortress successfully repulsed all the attacks by Orlyk's army. Twice during the second and third days of the siege the Cossacks tried to attack the castle after gaining a foothold in the lower part of the town and making sconces, but were unsuccessful both times.[7] None of the assaults were effective, as the garrison had sufficient ammunition and strong artillery.
Betrayal by the Tatars
[edit]Three days of the siege (March 25–27) resulted in nothing. The discontent of the Tatars was growing — the young and inexperienced sultan could not restrain the horde, who was demanding permission to take yasir.[8] The dissatisfaction of the Tatars on one hand was amplified by the lack of provisions for people and horses, and on the other — by the approach of spring, melting snow and flooding of rivers, which nullified the mobility of Tatar troops in the event of Moscow army's attack.[6]
Seeing no progress in storming the fortress, the Tatar army withdrew, spreading its troops almost to the Dnieper river, and moved south to the Bug river, taking yasir and destroying settlements.[8] Orlyk rushed after them, begging the sultan to return or give him at least 10,000 Tatars to continue the war, but received a refusal.
The Tatars' betrayal had catastrophic consequences for the whole campaign: the Right-bank Cossacks, who joined Orlyk, learned that Tatars were plundering villages and towns and taking people as prisoners so they rushed to save their loved ones.[9] The army was getting smaller by the hour.
References
[edit]- ^ Переписка Орлика й інших діячів походу в Чтен. Импер. Москов. Истор. Обід. 1847, No. 1, с. 58
- ^ Переписка Орлика й інших діячів походу в Чтен. Импер. Москов. Истор. Обід. 1847, No. 1, с. 68
- ^ Aрх. Юго-Западн. Рос, III—2, стор. 749.
- ^ Мышлаевскій: «Сборникъ военно-историческихъ матеріалові», С.-Петербургъ 1898, с. 229.
- ^ Мышлаевскій: «Сборникъ военно-историческихъ матеріалові», С.-Петербургъ 1898, с. 231.
- ^ a b Кореспонденція з Бендер (анонімна) з 6(16) травня 1711 — Preuss. Geh. St.-flr. Rep. XI. Russland 22a— додаток до реляції пруського резидента у Відні з 27 червня н. ст. 1711 р.
- ^ Мышлаевскій: «Сборникъ военно-историческихъ матеріалові», С.-Петербургъ 1898, с. 230 і далі
- ^ a b Переписка Орлика й інших діячів походу в Чтен. Импер. Москов. Истор. Обід. 1847, No. 1, с. 38
- ^ Костомаров «Мазепа и Мазепинцы», С.-Петербургь 1855, стор. 634.
External links
[edit]- Пилип Орлик на Правобережній Україні в 1711 р. — Д-р. Б. Крупницький (За державність No. 4, 1934)
- Шведські та татарські аспекти походу Пилипа Орлика
- Conflicts in 1711
- Bila Tserkva
- 18th-century conflicts
- Military operations involving the Crimean Khanate
- 18th century in the Zaporozhian Host
- 18th century in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
- 18th century in Russia
- Military history of Ukraine
- 1710s in the Ottoman Empire
- 1710s in Europe
- Battles of the Great Northern War
- Pylyp Orlyk's March on the Right-bank Ukraine