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Shropshire (Detached)

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Coordinates: 52°27′N 2°04′W / 52.45°N 2.06°W / 52.45; -2.06
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Flag of Shropshire
Map of Shropshire (Detached) marked as blue
Map of Shropshire (Detached) marked as blue

Between the late 11th century and 1844, the English county of Shropshire (or Salop) possessed a large exclave within the present-day Black Country and surrounding area.[1] This territory was gained from neighbouring Worcestershire,[2] and the exclave's border corresponded with the medieval Manor of Hala (or Halas, Hales). Shropshire (Detached) contained the townships of (what are now known as) Halesowen, Oldbury, Warley Salop, Ridgacre, Hunnington, Romsley and Langley. The exceptions were Cradley, Lutley and Warley Wigorn, which were exclaves or enclaves still aligned with the original county.[3][4] Bounded entirely by Staffordshire and Worcestershire, Hala was part of Brimstree hundred,[5] and totally detached from the rest of Shropshire. Bridgnorth, the nearest town within the main body of Shropshire, is 16.8 miles (27.03 km) away from Halesowen,[6] whilst the county town of Shrewsbury is 34.6 miles (55.62 km) away.[7]

In 1844, following enactment of the Counties (Detached Parts) Act 1844, Shropshire (Detached) was reunited with Worcestershire and remained within the original county until 1974.[8] Halesowen and Oldbury are currently part of the metropolitan County of West Midlands,[9]

History

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The old Worcestershire-Shropshire border is still marked at Lutley.

Prior to the Norman Conquest of England in 1066, the Manor of Hala formed a northerly arm of the fledgling county of Worcestershire, within the hundred of Clent.[10] By the time of the Domesday Book in 1086, the manor was listed as under the control of Roger de Montgomerie, first Earl of Shrewsbury and his ally 'Roger the Huntsman',[11] although integration into Shropshire had not yet taken place.[12] The Domesday Book also states that the Earl had an estate within the Manor, with "four ploughs at work on his home farm and 36 tenant farmers cultivating the remaining land with 41 ploughs between them. He also had a separate estate in Halesowen, leased to Roger the Huntsman, who had one plough on his own farm and six sub-tenants employing five more ploughs"[13] As a close ally of the King, the Earl of Shrewsbury was granted most of Hala by William the Conqueror,[2] although the remainder of the land was gifted to others, such as Ansculf de Picquigny (his son William Fitz-Ansculf inherited the land).[14] De Picquigny was a French baron who became Sheriff of Buckinghamshire and founded the Barony of Dudley to administrate his lands across eleven counties of England.[15] Warley was divided into two; the Barony of Dudley's lands were known as Warley Wigorn (Warley Worcestershire) and remained in Worcestershire, whilst Earl Roger's segments became integrated into Shropshire, known as Warley Salop (Warley Shropshire).[16]

Part of the complex boundary of Warley Wigorn (in green) and Warley Salop.

Cradley was also a possession of the Barony of Dudley and thus remained in its original county, along with the hamlet of Lutley which was held by the Canons of Wolverhampton.[17]

The Shropshire territories of the Manor remained in the hands of Earl Roger's descendants until 1102, when Robert de Belesme led an unsuccessful rebellion against Henry I and Hala was confiscated by the Crown as a consequence. Henry II gave the Manor to his half-sister Emma who had married Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd in 1174. She restored it to Richard I, although her son Owen still had claims on it. The Manor's name was altered to Hales Owen in the 1270s.[18]

Counties (Detached Parts) Act 1844

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The Counties (Detached Parts) Act 1844 was an Act of Parliament which abolished many of the exclaves of counties in England and Wales for civil purposes.[19] The precursor to this legislation was the Reform Act 1832 and Parliamentary Boundaries Act 1832, which redefined the boundaries for Members of Parliament.[20] These acts changed the status of many exclaves and enclaves, thus starting the process of incorporating these 'outliers' into their surrounding county. Halesowen was to be incorporated into Worcestershire for Parliamentary purposes,[21] although the Justices of the Peace of Shropshire still held jurisdiction until 1844.[22] The Counties (Detached Parts) Act 1844 placed all of what was the medieval Halesowen parish back into Worcestershire, under the 'Lower' division of Halfshire hundred.[23] Warley Wigorn was unified with Warley Salop to form the new parish of Warley in 1884.[24]

Modern local government era

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In 1889; Halesowen and Oldbury formed part of the new administrative county of Worcester, due to enactment of the Local Government Act 1888. The county retained Halesowen (and Oldbury through the County Borough of Warley)[25] until adoption of the Local Government Act 1972, which established the Metropolitan County of West Midlands in April 1974.[8] Dudley County Borough along with Stourbridge and Halesowen formed Dudley Metropolitan District (later to become Dudley Metropolitan Borough), whilst Warley County Borough merged with West Bromwich to create Sandwell.[9] The 'top tier' West Midlands County Council was abolished in April 1986 via enactment of the Local Government Act 1985.[26] Romsley, Hunnington and Frankley are part of the administrative Worcestershire, within the Bromsgrove District.[27]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Treadway Russell Nash, Collections for the History of Worcestershire (1781)
  2. ^ a b History of Oldbury, Langley and Warley Story – Retrieved 13 August 2014
  3. ^ Colin Hinson, UK & Ireland Genealogy – Retrieved 13 August 2014
  4. ^ Worcestershire Record Office, Tithe award for Warley Wigorn.
  5. ^ Worcester Branch of the Birmingham & Midland Society for Genealogy & Heraldry Halesowen, Hundred – Retrieved 13 August 2014
  6. ^ Distance from Halesowen to Bridgnorth – Retrieved 13 August 2014
  7. ^ Distance from Halesowen to Shrewsbury – Retrieved 13 August 2014
  8. ^ a b H.M. Government Local Government Act 1972 – Retrieved 13 August 2014
  9. ^ a b Local Government Act 1972 (1972) c. 70 SCHEDULE 1 Part III Section 1
  10. ^ Domesday Map Clent Hundred – Retrieved 13 August 2014
  11. ^ The Domesday Book Online Worcestershire Page 2 – Retrieved 13 August 2014
  12. ^ British History History of the County of Worcester Vol III – Retrieved 13 August 2013
  13. ^ Romsley and Hunnington History Society [http://www.rhhs.org.uk/local-history/3-domesday.html The Domesday Book – Retrieved 13 August 2014
  14. ^ History of Oldbury, Langley and Warley The Story of Oldbury – Retrieved 13 August 2014
  15. ^ Ansculf DE PICQUIGNY Sheriff of Buckinghamshire – Retrieved 13 August 2014
  16. ^ Dudley Metropolitan Borough Council Warley Township Archived 19 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine – Retrieved 13 August 2014
  17. ^ British History Online A History of the County of Worcester Vol.III – Retrieved 13 August 2014
  18. ^ Dudley Metropolitan Borough Council 'Town Centre Management' A Brief History of Halesowen Archived 25 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine – Retrieved 13 August 2014
  19. ^ HM Government Legislation – Counties (Detached Parts) Act 1844
  20. ^ HM Government Legislation – Parliamentary Boundaries Act 1832
  21. ^ History of Parliament Online Shropshire Constituencies – Retrieved 13 August 2014
  22. ^ Black Country Bugle Independence Archived 14 August 2014 at the Wayback Machine – Retrieved 13 August 2014
  23. ^ Youngs, Frederic A. – Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England, Volume II Northern England
  24. ^ Worcester Branch of the Birmingham & Midland Society for Genealogy and Heraldry Warley – Retrieved 13 August 2014
  25. ^ "Warley County Borough". Vision of Britain. Retrieved 29 July 2014.
  26. ^ HM Government Legislation Local Government Act 1985 – Retrieved 13 August 2014
  27. ^ HM Government Legislation The Hereford and Worcester (Structural, Boundary and Electoral Changes) Order 1996 – Retrieved 13 August 2014
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52°27′N 2°04′W / 52.45°N 2.06°W / 52.45; -2.06

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