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Sharur-Daralayaz uezd

Coordinates: 39°32′45″N 44°58′20″E / 39.54583°N 44.97222°E / 39.54583; 44.97222
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Sharur-Daralayaz uezd
Шаруро-Даралагёзский уезд
Uezd
Coat of arms of Sharur-Daralayaz uezd
Coat of arms
Location in the Erivan Governorate
Location in the Erivan Governorate
CountryRussian Empire
ViceroyaltyCaucasus
GovernorateErivan
Established1849
Abolished1929
CapitalBashnorashen
(present-day Sharur)
Area
 • Total3,001.64 km2 (1,158.94 sq mi)
Population
 (1916)
 • Total90,250
 • Density30/km2 (78/sq mi)
 • Rural
100.00%

The Sharur-Daralayaz uezd[a] was a county (uezd) of the Erivan Governorate of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire.[3] It bordered the governorate's Erivan and Nor Bayazet uezds to the north, the Nakhichevan uezd to the south, the Zangezur and Jevanshir uezds of the Elizavetpol Governorate to the east, and Persia to the southwest. It included most of the Vayots Dzor Province of present-day Armenia and the Sharur District of the Nakhchivan exclave of present-day Azerbaijan. The administrative centre of the county was Bashnorashen (present-day Sharur).[4]

Economy

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Armenians were mostly concentrated in mountainous Daralayaz, while lowland Sharur was overwhelmingly Tatar. The population in Daralayaz was engaged primarily in cattlebreeding while the residents of Sharur were engaged in agricultural farming and gardening. Manufacturing was not developed in this part of the governorate. Only 47 winemaking enterprises, 299 mills, 89 cotton-cleaning, 4 rice-cleaning factories existed in the Sharur-Daralayaz uezd.[5]

Geography

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The geography of the uezd resembled a crater surrounded from the south, north and east by tall mountain ranges of the Lesser Caucasus. The plain, which made up a small part of the uezd, was close to the Aras River, into which the only river irrigating the plains, the Arpa-chay, discharged. The mountainous part of the territory was called Daralayaz and the lowland part was called Sharur. Daralayaz constituted approximately 70% of the whole uezd area and Sharur constituted approximately 30%, even though it included about half of the uezd's population. The Arpa-chay started at the southeastern tip of Lake Sevan (Gokcha) and flowed 107 versts before discharging into the Aras. It had many tributaries, the Alagyoz-chay being the longest. Approximately 12,150 desyatins of the mountainous part of uezd was forested. The temperature in the winter reached -27 °C.[5]

History

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The territory of the uezd was part of Persia's Erivan and Nakhchivan Khanates until 1828, when according to the Treaty of Turkmenchay, they were annexed to the Russian Empire. It was administered as part of the Armenian Oblast from 1828 to 1840.[6] In 1844, the Caucasus Viceroyalty was re-established, in which the territory of the Sharur-Daralayaz uezd formed part of the Tiflis Governorate. In 1849, the Erivan Governorate was established, separate from the Tiflis Governorate. It was made up of the Erivan, Nakhchivan, Alexandropol, Nor Bayazet, and Ordubad uezds. Following administrative reforms, the northern part of the Nakhchivan uezd (Daralayaz) was separated to form part of the new Sharur-Daralayaz uezd in 1870.[7]

Throughout 1918–1920, the uezd was heavily contested between forces of the First Republic of Armenia and Azerbaijan Democratic Republic.[8]

After the establishment of Soviet rule in 1920, the territory of the uezd was divided. Daralayaz (modern-day Vayots Dzor) became part of the Armenian SSR and Sharur became part of the Nakhichevan ASSR of the Azerbaijan SSR in accordance with the treaties of Moscow and Kars.[9]

Administrative divisions

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The subcounties (uchastoks) of the Sharur-Daralayaz uezd in 1913 were as follows:[10]

Name 1912 population Area
1-y uchastok (1-й участок) 44,051 747.26 square versts (850.43 km2; 328.35 sq mi)
2-y uchastok (2-й участок) 44,448 1,890.24 square versts (2,151.21 km2; 830.59 sq mi)

Demographics

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Russian Empire Census

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According to the Russian Empire Census, the Sharur-Daralayaz uezd had a population of 76,538 on 28 January [O.S. 15 January] 1897, including 41,055 men and 35,483 women. The plurality of the population indicated Tatar[b] to be their mother tongue, with significant Armenian and Kurdish speaking minorities.[13]

Linguistic composition of the Sharur-Daralayaz uezd in 1897[13]
Language Native speakers %
Tatar[b] 51,560 67.37
Armenian 20,726 27.08
Kurdish 3,761 4.91
Assyrian 331 0.43
Russian 61 0.08
Ukrainian 57 0.07
Polish 12 0.02
Georgian 7 0.01
Jewish 6 0.01
Belarusian 4 0.01
Greek 4 0.01
German 1 0.00
Italian 1 0.00
Other 7 0.01
TOTAL 76,538 100.00

Kavkazskiy kalendar

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According to the 1917 publication of Kavkazskiy kalendar, the Sharur-Daralayaz uezd had a population of 90,25on 14 January [O.S. 1 January] 1916, including 47,399 men and 42,851 women, 88,496 of whom were the permanent population, and 1,754 were temporary residents. The statistics indicated the uezd to be overwhelmingly Shia Muslim with a significant Armenian minority:[14]

Nationality Number %
Shia Muslims[c] 57,982 64.25
Armenians 29,165 32.32
Kurds 1,861 2.06
Asiatic Christians 598 0.66
Sunni Muslims[d] 511 0.57
Russians 122 0.14
Other Europeans 8 0.01
North Caucasians 3 0.00
TOTAL 90,250 100.00

Settlements

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According to the 1897 census, there were 58 settlements in the Sharur-Daralayaz uezd with a population over 500 inhabitants. The religious composition of the settlements was as follows:[16]

Name Faith TOTAL
Russian Romanized Armenian Apostolic Muslim Armenian Catholic Male Female Both
Аг-Ахмед Ag-Akhmed (Axaməd) 811 435 376 811
Аг-кенд Ag-kend (Aghnjadzor) 670 373 297 670
Азадек Azadek (Azatek) 731 357 394 751
Айназур (Агавнадзор) Aynazur (Agavnadzor) (Aghavnadzor) 776 452 399 851
Алаклу Alaklu (Ələkli) 740 395 372 767
Алишар Alishar (Alışar) 1,125 583 542 1,125
Араб-Енгиджа Arab-Yengija (Ərəbyengicə) 652 355 297 652
Аргез Argez (abandoned) 587 323 264 587
Арпа Arpa (Areni) 545 312 267 579
Ахура Akhura (Axura) 537 309 228 537
Башкенд Bashkend (Vernashen) 570 317 277 594
Башнорашен Bashnorashen (Sharur) 132 687 504 363 867
Вармазиар Varmaziar (Vərməziyar) 985 516 469 985
Гасан-кенд Gasan-kend (Shatin) 522 278 245 523
Гергер Gerger (Herher) 511 1,047 781 781 1,562
Гиндеваз Gindevaz (Gndevaz) 442 163 338 267 605
Горс Gors (Hors) 1,136 654 482 1,136
Джуль Jul (Artavan) 1,214 659 555 1,214
Дуданга Dudanga (Düdəngə) 922 507 415 922
Енгиджа (Енгиджа-Султан) Yengija (Yengija-Sultan) (Yengicə) 2,034 1,150 927 2,077
Зейва Zeyva (Zeyvə) 600 316 284 600
Кабахлу Kabakhly (Goghtanik) 566 312 254 566
Казулджа Kazulja (abandoned) 630 357 273 630
Карагасанлу Karagasanlu (Qarahəsənli) 777 407 372 779
Караклух Karaklukh (Karaglukh) 786 417 372 789
Кархун Karkhun (abandoned) 334 267 601
Кешишкенд Keshishkend (Yeghegnadzor) 1,295 688 613 1,301
Кештаз Keshtaz (Çəmənli) 355 323 369 309 678
Кийтул (Котур) Kiytul (Kotur) (Getap) 735 400 371 771
Кишляг-Аббас Kishlyag-Abbas (Qışlaqabbas) 666 365 301 666
Кущи (Кущи-Биляк) Kushchi (Kushchi-Bilyak) (Kechut) 631 326 305 631
Кущи-Демурчи Kushchi-Demurchi (Dəmirçi) 1,838 1,033 805 1,838
Кяримбеклу Kyarimbeklu (Kərimbəyli) 847 444 403 847
Кюртчулу Kyurtchulu (Kürçülü) 610 319 291 610
Малишка Malishka 1,230 673 608 1,281
Мартирос Martiros 1,022 530 492 1,022
Махмуд-кенд Makhmud-kend (Mahmudkənd) 609 344 265 609
Махта Makhta (Maxta) 1,186 643 544 1,187
Муганлу Muganlu (Muğanlı) 608 331 277 608
Ортакенд Ortakend (Gladzor) 686 360 343 703
Парчи Parchi (absorbed by Xanlıqlar) 105 406 263 248 511
Пашалу Pashalu (Zaritap) 682 338 383 721
Писиан Pisian (Püsyan) 1,354 743 611 1,354
Саллы Sally (Salli) 668 363 305 668
Сараглу Saraglu (abandoned) 504 269 235 504
Сиягут Siyagut (Siyaqut) 388 281 374 333 707
Тазакенд (Сардарабат) Tazakend (Sardarabat) (Təzəkənd) 627 349 278 627
Улия Норашен Uliya Norashen (Oğlanqala) 1,228 660 594 1,254
Халадж Khalaj (Xələc) 598 303 295 598
Ханлухляр Khanlukhlyar (Xanlıqlar) 1,023 599 491 1,090
Хачик Khachik 968 515 453 968
Чарчибоган Charchibogan (Çərçiboğan) 933 487 446 933
Чива Chiva 689 355 334 689
Чомахтур Chomakhtur (Çomaxtur) 1,018 530 488 1,018
Шагриар Shagriar (Şəhriyar) 1,227 669 558 1,227
Эльпин Elpin (Yelpin) 708 356 352 708
Эрдапин Erdapin (Artabuynk) 530 278 252 530
Яйджи Yayji (Yuxarı Yaycı) 1,846 972 874 1,846
TOTAL 17,938 31,103 281 26,989 23,496 50,485

Notes

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  1. ^
    • Russian: Шару́ро-Даралагёзскій уѣ́здъ, romanized: Sharúro-Daralagyózsky uyézd
    • Armenian: Շարուր-Դարալագյազի գավառ, romanized: Šarowr-Daralagyazi gavaṙ
    • Azerbaijani: شرور و درلاگس قضاسی, romanized: Şarūr-ü Daralāges qaz̤āsı,[1] or شرور و دارالاگز قضاسی, Şarūr-ü Dārālāgez qaz̤āsı[2]
  2. ^ a b Before 1918, Azerbaijanis were generally known as "Tatars". This term, employed by the Russians, referred to Turkic-speaking Muslims of the South Caucasus. After 1918, with the establishment of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and "especially during the Soviet era", the Tatar group identified itself as "Azerbaijani".[11][12]
  3. ^ Primarily Tatars.[15]
  4. ^ Primarily Turco-Tatars.[15]

References

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  1. ^ Кавказский календарь на 1855 годъ [Caucasian calendar for 1855] (in Russian, Armenian, Greek, and Azerbaijani). Tiflis: Office of the Caucasian Viceroy. 1854. p. 376 – via Google books.
  2. ^ Sâmî, Şemseddîn (1889). قاموس الاعلام: تاریخ و جغرافیا لغاتنی و تعبیر اصحله كافه اسماء خاصه‌یی جامعدر (in Ottoman Turkish). Mihran Matbaası. pp. 840–841 – via Google Books.
  3. ^ "НЭБ - Национальная электронная библиотека". rusneb.ru - Национальная электронная библиотека. Retrieved 2022-08-03.
  4. ^ Tsutsiev 2014, p. 59.
  5. ^ a b Большой энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона. Шаруро-Даралагезский уезд [Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedia Dictionary. Sharur-Daralagyoz Uyezd] (in Russian).
  6. ^ Bournoutian, George A. (1992). The Khanate of Erevan Under Qajar Rule, 1795-1828. Costa Mesa: Mazda Publishers. p. 26. ISBN 9780939214181.
  7. ^ "Административно-территориальные реформы на Кавказе в середине и во второй половине XIX века" [Administrative-territorial reforms in the Caucasus in the middle and second half of the 19th century] (in Russian).
  8. ^ Tsutsiev 2014, pp. 71–76.
  9. ^ Tsutsiev 2014.
  10. ^ Кавказский календарь на 1913 год, pp. 172–179.
  11. ^ Bournoutian 2018, p. 35 (note 25).
  12. ^ Tsutsiev 2014, p. 50.
  13. ^ a b "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru. Retrieved 2022-03-26.
  14. ^ Кавказский календарь на 1917 год, pp. 214–221.
  15. ^ a b Hovannisian 1971, p. 67.
  16. ^ Troinitsky, N. A. (1905). Населенные места Российской империи в 500 и более жителей с указанием всего наличного в них населения и числа жителей преобладающих вероисповеданий, по данным первой всеобщей переписи населения 1897 г. [Populated areas of the Russian Empire with 500 or more inhabitants, indicating the total population in them and the number of inhabitants of the predominant religions, according to the first general population census of 1897] (in Russian). Saint Petersburg: Tipografiya Obshchestvennaya polza. pp. 52–56. Archived from the original on 10 August 2022.

Bibliography

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39°32′45″N 44°58′20″E / 39.54583°N 44.97222°E / 39.54583; 44.97222

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