Setaria viridis

Setaria viridis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Monocots
Clade:	Commelinids
Order:	Poales
Family:	Poaceae
Subfamily:	Panicoideae
Genus:	Setaria
Species:	S. viridis
Binomial name
	Setaria viridis; (L.) P.Beauv.
Synonyms
	Setaria pycnocoma (Steud.) Henrard ex Nakai

Setaria viridis is a species of grass known by many common names, including green foxtail,^[1] green bristlegrass,^[1] and wild foxtail millet.^[1] It is sometimes considered a subspecies of Setaria italica.^[1] It is native to Eurasia, but it is known on most continents as an introduced species and is closely related to Setaria faberi, a noxious weed. It is a hardy grass which grows in many types of urban, cultivated, and disturbed habitat, including vacant lots, sidewalks, railroads, lawns, and at the margins of fields. It is the wild antecedent of the crop foxtail millet.

This is an annual grass with decumbent or erect stems growing up to a meter long, and known to reach two meters or more at times. The leaf blades are up to 40 centimeters long and 2.5 wide and glabrous. The inflorescence is a dense, compact, spikelike panicle up to 20 centimeters long, growing erect or sometimes nodding at the tip only. Spikelets are 1.8–2.2 mm long. Each is subtended by up to three stiff bristles. Its fertile lemmas are finely cross-wrinkled.

Setaria viridis is often confused with S. faberi, (Chinese or Giant Foxtail), which has sparse, soft hairs on the leaves and a nodding inflorescence. Setaria viridis is closely related to S. italica (Foxtail Millet), which has larger spikelets about 3 mm long and usually smooth, shiny upper lemmas. Foxtail Millet was cultivated in China by 2700 BC and during the Stone Age in Europe.

Setaria viridis has been proposed as a model to study C4 photosynthesis and related bioenergy grasses.^[2]^[3] It has a short life cycle (6–8 weeks), is transformable and is currently being sequenced. Genetic resources are currently being developed by a number of groups. A method to break the prolonged seed dormancy has been discovered recently and all these could contribute towards making S. viridis a choice monocot genetic model system.^[4]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Setaria viridis". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 13 December 2014.
^ Brutnell, T; et al. (2010). "Setaria viridis: a model for C4 photosynthesis". Plant Cell. 22 (8): 2537–44. doi:10.1105/tpc.110.075309. PMC 2947182. PMID 20693355.
^ Jiang, Hui; Barbier, Hugues; Brutnell, Thomas (2013). "Methods for Performing Crosses in Setaria viridis, a New Model System for the Grasses". Journal of Visualized Experiments (80). doi:10.3791/50527. ISSN 1940-087X. PMC 3938206. PMID 24121645.
^ Sebastian, J; et al. (2014). "Methods to Promote Germination of Dormant Setaria viridis Seeds". PLoS ONE. 9 (4): 2537–44. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...995109S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0095109. PMC 3991590. PMID 24748008.

[GRIN-1] "Setaria viridis". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 13 December 2014.

[2] Brutnell, T; et al. (2010). "Setaria viridis: a model for C4 photosynthesis". Plant Cell. 22 (8): 2537–44. doi:10.1105/tpc.110.075309. PMC 2947182. PMID 20693355.

[JiangBarbier2013-3] Jiang, Hui; Barbier, Hugues; Brutnell, Thomas (2013). "Methods for Performing Crosses in Setaria viridis, a New Model System for the Grasses". Journal of Visualized Experiments (80). doi:10.3791/50527. ISSN 1940-087X. PMC 3938206. PMID 24121645.

[4] Sebastian, J; et al. (2014). "Methods to Promote Germination of Dormant Setaria viridis Seeds". PLoS ONE. 9 (4): 2537–44. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...995109S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0095109. PMC 3991590. PMID 24748008.

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