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Sejfulla Malëshova

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Sejfulla Malëshova
Sejfulla Malëshova giving a speech
Sejfulla Malëshova giving a speech
BornSejfulla Malëshova
(1900-03-02)2 March 1900
Këlcyrë, Ottoman Empire (modern Albania)
Died9 June 1971(1971-06-09) (aged 71)
Fier, Albania
Pen nameLame Kodra
OccupationWriter, politician
LanguageAlbanian
CitizenshipOttoman, Albanian
RelativesTasim Hoxha and Pashako Hoxha (Parents)
Signature

Sejfulla Malëshova (2 March 1900[1] – 9 June 1971) was an Albanian politician, writer and translator. He was an early member of the Communist leadership in post-World War II Albania and served as the Ministry of Culture and Propaganda.

Biography

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Malëshova was born in Këlcyrë as the son of Tasim and Pashako Hoxha. His family was of Gheg Albanian descent.[2] He was educated in Vlorë and later studied medicine in Italy. In 1924, a 23-year-old Malëshova became Fan Noli's personal secretary. After Noli's government was overthrown, Malëshova fled to Vienna, where he joined KONARE, a revolutionary organization founded by Albanian leftists. He went to Moscow and Leningrad with a delegation of the group where he translated the Communist Manifesto into Albanian. In 1930–1932, he joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, but was subsequently expelled as a Bukharinist.[3] He became a charter member of the Albanian Communist Party and a member of its Politburo prior until 1946.[4] After Moscow, he moved to Paris where other Albanian revolutionaries like Llazar Fundo had settled. There was a rivalry between the two and twice Malëshova denounced Fundo as a Bukharinist. In 1938, after the Comintern ordered Fundo's death, Malëshova attempted to murder him with an axe.[5][6]

He used to appear as a self-proclaimed rebel poet of the guerrilla war against the Italian and German occupying armies in Albania, and became known by his pen name, Lame Kodra. In 1945, he was appointed Minister of Culture and Propaganda. In the same year, he was elected president of the newly founded League of Writers and Artists of Albania, which consisted of 74 members initially, with several non-communist intellectuals among them. The League took over the publication of well-known Albanian literature Drita magazine.

Malëshova had emerged as a moderate communist, often inviting publications without regard to their ideological content, which earned him the wrath of Enver Hoxha, particularly after an appeal by the Writers League to Harry Truman and Clement Attlee for Western recognition of Albania. In 1946, Koçi Xoxe, working under orders from Yugoslavia purged a number of members of the party, including Malëshova, who was denounced as a "right-wing opportunist".[7] In 1947, he was tried for subversive activities and imprisoned.[8]

After leaving prison, Malëshova spent the rest of his life as a warehouseman in Fier, shunned by almost all his fellow citizens. If anyone dared speak to him, he would pinch his lips with his fingers, to remind them of the vow of eternal silence which would ensure his survival. He died there, an outcast, in 1971. His funeral was attended only by his sister, the gravedigger and two Sigurimi agents.[9][10]

References

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  1. ^ "Sejfulla Malëshova". www.forumishqiptar.com. Retrieved 2024-01-17.
  2. ^ Biondich, Mark (2011-02-17). The Balkans: Revolution, War, and Political Violence since 1878. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-155951-8. Leading moderates such as Sejfulla Maleshova, a Gheg, Politburo member, and president of the Writers' Union, who had advocated the expansion of the wartime coalition to include non-Communists, were purged in early 1946.
  3. ^ Albanian literature: a short history By Robert Elsie, Centre for Albanian Studies (London, England) pp. 163-164. [1]
  4. ^ Joseph Held (1994). Dictionary of East European History since 1945. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. pp. 63–64.
  5. ^ Wojciech Roszkowski; Jan Kofman (2016-07-08). Biographical Dictionary of Central and Eastern Europe in the Twentieth Century. Routledge. ISBN 9781317475934.
  6. ^ Ben Fowkes; Bulent Gokay (2014-01-02). "Muslims and Communists in Post-Transition States". Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781317995395.
  7. ^ Nicholas Bethell (2016). The Albanian Operation of the CIA and MI6, 1949-1953. McFarland Incorporated. ISBN 9781476663791.
  8. ^ George H. Hodos (1987). "Show Trials: Stalinist Purges in Eastern Europe, 1948-1954". Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 9780275927837.
  9. ^ Robert Elsie (1991). "Albanische Literatur und Kultur nach sechsundvierzig Jahren Sozialismus. Ein Zustandsbericht" (PDF). Südosteuropa - Zeitschrift für Gegenwartsforschung (in German). 48 (11–12): 600–613.
  10. ^ Albanian literature: a short history By Robert Elsie, Centre for Albanian Studies (London, England) pp. 163-164. [2]
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