Second Benazir Bhutto government
Second Benazir Bhutto Government | |
|---|---|
 29th Cabinet of Pakistan | |
| 1993–1996 | |
 | |
| Date formed | 19 October 1993 |
| Date dissolved | 5 November 1996 |
| People and organisations | |
| President of Pakistan | Farooq Leghari |
| Chief of Army Staff | Abdul Waheed Kakar (1993–1995) Jehangir Karamat (1996–1998) |
| Prime Minister of Pakistan | Benazir Bhutto |
| Prime Minister of Pakistan's history | 2nd Premiership of Benazir Bhutto (1993–1996) |
| DG-Interservice Intelligence | Javed Ashraf Qazi (1993–1995) Naseem Rana (1996–1998) |
| Total no. of members | 40 (incl. Prime Minister) |
| Member party | |
| Status in legislature | Coalition (Plurality) |
| Opposition party | |
| Opposition leader | Nawaz Sharif |
| History | |
| Election | 1993 general elections |
| Legislature terms | 10th National Assembly (1993–1996) |
| Advice and consent | Parliament of Pakistan |
| Incoming formation | Qureshi caretaker government |
| Outgoing formation | Khalid caretaker government |
| Predecessor | First Nawaz Sharif government |
| Successor | Second Nawaz Sharif government |
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|---|---|---|
Elections Prime Minister of Pakistan
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The Second Benazir Bhutto government was formed on 19 October 1993,[1] following general elections the same month and dissolved on 5 November 1996 by President Farooq Leghari.[2]: 118 During the beginning of her second term Benazir Bhutto entered into a much stronger government than in her first term and had greater experience in administration and civil-military relations.[3][4][5] This owing to Peoples Parties governments in Sindh, NWFP (with the ANP) and Punjab (with PML-Jinnah),[6] the election of PPP "loyalist" Farooq Leghari to the presidency,[7] and greater relations with the Army under COAS Abdul Waheed Kakar and DG-ISI Javed Ashraf Qazi, who provided a conduit between the Army Chief and Prime Minister,[4] as Benazir Bhutto respected the army's internal affairs and autonomy in her second term to avoid conflict.[3] However, the government's stability suffered from economic mismanagement, growing instances of ethno-sectarian violence, increasing deadlock with the opposition PML(N), an antagonized upper-judiciary after Bhutto tried to "pack" the High Courts and later a political conflict with the President.[8] The Army (now under Gen Jehangir Karamat) which previously remained neutral became concerned over the "fast deteriorating" economic and law-and-order situation, submitting the President a report warning of "economic disaster".
The last straw came in September 1996 when Bhutto's brother, Murtaza was assassinated following tensions between the two. By mid-October, senior military officials no longer believed the government had the required competence, and therefore supported Farooq Leghari in the political conflict between President and Prime Minister.[9] Prior to this Farooq Leghari had already met with Nawaz Sharif and discussed the dismissal of the government. Confident in military support and to pre-empt a PPP-PML(J) vote of no confidence in Punjab,[a] as well as due to economic conditions the President dismissed the government of Benazir Bhutto on 5 November 1996.[11][12]
History
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Federal Cabinet
[edit]Heads of State and Government
[edit]| President of Pakistan | Prime Minister of Pakistan | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Farooq Leghari
1993–1997 |
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|
Benazir Bhutto
1993–1996 |
Cabinet Composition
[edit]| ← Benazir II Government →
(19 October 1993 – 5 November 1996) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sr. No. | Name | Portfolio | Party | Term Start | Term End | Ref. | |
[edit] | |||||||
| 1 | Farooq Leghari | Foreign Affairs | Pakistan Peoples Party | 19 October 1993 | 11 November 1993 | [13] | |
| 2 | Aftab Shaban Mirani | Defence | Pakistan Peoples Party | 19 October 1993 | 5 November 1996 | ||
| 3 | Sher Afgan Khan Niazi | Law, Justice & Parliamentary Affairs | Independent | 21 October 1993 | 16 November 1993 | ||
| Social Welfare & Spl. Education | 16 November 1993 | 5 October 1996 | |||||
| Human Rights | 28 October 1996 | 5 October 1996 | |||||
| 4 | Maj-Gen (R) N. Babar | Interior, Narcotics Control, & Federal Investigation | Pakistan Peoples Party | 21 October 1993 | 5 October 1996 | ||
| 5 | Brig (R) M. Asghar | Industries & Production | Pakistan Muslim League (Jinnah) | 21 October 1993 | 5 October 1996 | ||
| 6 | Afzal Khan Lala | SAFRON | Awami National Party | 21 October 1993 | 27 October 1993 | ||
| MKANA | 27 October 1993 | 5 October 1996 | |||||
| 7 | Aseff Ahmad Daula | Foreign Affairs | Pakistan Peoples Party | 16 November 1993 | 5 October 1996 | ||
| 8 | Syed Iqbal Haider | Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs | Pakistan Peoples Party | 16 November 1993 | 20 December 1994 | ||
| 9 | Ameen Faheem | Housing and Works | Pakistan Peoples Party | 26 January 1994 | 5 October 1996 | ||
| 10 | Anwar Saifullah Khan | Petroleum and Natural Resources | Pakistan Muslim League (Junejo) | 26 January 1994 | 5 October 1996 | ||
| 11 | Ghulam Mustafa Khar | Water and Power | Pakistan Peoples Party | 26 January 1994 | 5 October 1996 | ||
| 12 | Ahmad Mukhtar | Commerce | Pakistan Peoples Party | 26 January 1994 | 5 October 1996 | ||
| 13 | Khalid Ahmad Kharal | Information and Broadcasting | Pakistan Peoples Party | 26 January 1994 | 5 October 1996 | ||
| 14 | Khurshed Ahmad Shah | Education | Pakistan Peoples Party | 26 January 1994 | 5 October 1996 | ||
| 15 | Nawab Yousuf Talpur | Food, Agriculture & Livestock | Pakistan Peoples Party | 26 January 1994 | 5 October 1996 | ||
| 16 | Julius Salik | Population Welfare | Independent | 26 January 1994 | 5 October 1996 | ||
| 17 | Prof. N. D. Khan | Law, Justice & Parliamentary Affairs | Independent | 20 December 1994 | 5 October 1996 | ||
| 18 | Abdul Qadir Shah Jillani | Minister without portfolio | Pakistan Peoples Party | 20 December 1994 | 5 October 1996 | ||
| 19 | Arbab M. Jehangir Khan | Narcotics Control | Pakistan Peoples Party | 1 August 1996 | 5 October 1996 | ||
| 20 | Rao Sikandar Iqbal | Sports and Tourism | Pakistan Peoples Party | 1 August 1996 | 5 October 1996 | ||
| 21 | M. Nawaz Khokhar | Science and Technology | Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz) | 31 July 1996 | 5 October 1996 | ||
| 22 | Jehangir Bader | Political Affairs & Religious Affairs | Pakistan Peoples Party | 31 July 1996 | 5 October 1996 | ||
| 23 | Ch. Abdul Sattar Viryo | Industries | Pakistan Muslim League (Jinnah) | 1 August 1996 | 5 October 1996 | ||
| 24 | Iqbal Haider | Human Rights | Pakistan Peoples Party | 1 August 1996 | 28 October 1996 | ||
| 25 | Asif Ali Zardari | Investment | Pakistan Peoples Party | 1 August 1996 | 5 October 1996 | ||
| 26 | Naveed Qamar | Privatization | Pakistan Peoples Party | 1 August 1996 | 5 October 1996 | ||
| Finance | 28 October 1996 | 5 October 1996 | |||||
[edit] | |||||||
| 1 | Ahmad Mukhtar | Commerce | Pakistan Peoples Party | 21 October 1993 | 26 January 1994 | [13] | |
| 2 | Ghulam Akbar Lasi | Labour and Manpower | Pakistan Peoples Party | 26 January 1994 | 5 October 1996 | ||
| 3 | Makhdoom Shahabuddin | Finance | Pakistan Peoples Party | 26 January 1994 | 5 October 1996 | ||
| 4 | Abdul Qayum Khan Jatoi | States and Frontier Regions | Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz) | 26 January 1994 | 5 October 1996 | ||
| 5 | Raza Rabbani | Law and Justice | Pakistan Peoples Party | 20 December 1994 | 5 October 1996 | ||
| 6 | Shah Mahmood Qureshi | Parliamentary Affairs | Pakistan Peoples Party | 20 December 1994 | 5 October 1996 | ||
| 7 | Muhammad Ayub Khan | Local Government & Rural Development | Pakistan Peoples Party | 1 August 1996 | 5 October 1996 | ||
| 8 | Muhammad Ayub Jattak | Food | Baloch National Movement (M) | 1 August 1996 | 5 October 1996 | ||
| 9 | Muhammad Nazeer Sultan | Foreign Affairs | Pakistan Peoples Party | 1 August 1996 | 5 October 1996 | ||
| 10 | Nauraiz Shakoor Khan | Youth Affairs | Pakistan Peoples Party | 1 August 1996 | 5 October 1996 | ||
| 11 | Muhammad Nasir Baig | Sports | Pakistan Peoples Party | 1 August 1996 | 5 October 1996 | ||
| 12 | M. Afaque Khan Shahid | Works | Pakistan Peoples Party | 1 August 1996 | 5 October 1996 | ||
| 13 | Manzoor Hussain Wassan | Water | Pakistan Peoples Party | 1 August 1996 | 5 October 1996 | ||
See also
[edit]
- Benazir Bhutto
- Farooq Leghari
- History of Pakistan (1947–present)
- Government of Pakistan
- Cabinet of Pakistan
- List of prime ministers of Pakistan
- 1993 Pakistani general election
- 1993 in Pakistan
Notes
[edit]- ^ Against CM Manzoor Wattoo of the PML(Jinnah) who previously broke with the PPP and came into political conflict with the Bhutto government, leading to his dismissal by the governor of Punjab for 'corruption, nepotism and violation of the PPP-PML(J) manifesto.' Leading to another PPP-PML(J) coalition being established under Sardar Arif Nakai. Wattoo lodged an appeal to the Lahore High Court, which later restored his government two days before the dismissal of the second Benazir Bhutto administration.[10]
References
[edit]- ^ Partner, Media Group | Publishing (2017-10-28). "Special Report: Daughter of the East 1988-1990/1993-1996". DAWN.COM. From Dawn's archives. Retrieved 2024-07-11.
- ^ LaPorte, Robert (1997). "Pakistan in 1996: Starting Over Again". Asian Survey. 37 (2): 118–125. doi:10.2307/2645477. ISSN 0004-4687. JSTOR 2645477.
- ^ a b Rizvi 2000, p. 220.
- ^ a b Nawaz 2009, p. 474.
- ^ Ziring 2005, p. 233-234.
- ^ Khan 2017, p. 425-426.
- ^ Cloughley 2016, p. 185.
- ^ Rizvi 2000, p. 221-224.
- ^ Rizvi 2000, p. 224-225.
- ^ Talbot 2010, p. 344-345, 349.
- ^ Talbot 2010, p. 348-349.
- ^ Nawaz 2009, p. 486.
- ^ a b "2nd Term Federal Cabinet under the Premiership Of Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto: FROM 19. 10. 1993 TO 5. 11. 1996" (PDF). Cabinet Secretariat (Pakistan).
Bibliography
[edit]- Rizvi, Hasan-Askari (September 1, 2000). Military, State and Society in Pakistan (2000th ed.). Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0312231934.
- Cloughley, Brian (January 5, 2016). A History of the Pakistan Army: Wars and Insurrections (5th ed.). Carrel Books. ISBN 978-1631440380.
- Ziring, Lawrence (September 5, 2005). Pakistan: At the Crosscurrent of History. Oneworld Publications. ISBN 978-1851683949.
- Nawaz, Shuja (October 11, 2009). Crossed Swords: Pakistan, Its Army, and the Wars Within (1st ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195476972.
- Khan, Hamid (2017). Constitutional and Political History of Pakistan (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199407828.
- Talbot, Ian (January 15, 2010). Pakistan: A Modern History (2nd ed.). Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0230623040.
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Italics indicate caretaker governments bold indicates the incumbent government ( Brackets ) indicate civilian governments under military rulers | ||
