Sabeni
| Traditions of Pencak and Silat | |
|---|---|
| Country | Indonesia |
| Criteria | Oral traditions and expressions, including language as a vehicle of the intangible cultural heritage, performing arts, social practices, rituals and festive events, knowledge and practices concerning nature and the universe, and traditional craftsmanship |
| Reference | 1391 |
| Region | Asia and the Pacific |
| Inscription history | |
| Inscription | 2019 (14th session) |
| List | Representative List |
 | |
Silat Sabeni Tenabang (Sabeni Silat of Tenabang), often shortened as Sabeni silat, is one of the Betawinese pencak silat (Betawi: maen pukulan) styles.[1][2][3] The style was created by its eponymous founder Sabeni bin Canam around the end of the 19th century, when Indonesia was still in the Dutch colonial period.[2] It was originally developed in the Tanah Abang district, now part of Central Jakarta, Indonesia.[2][3]
In 2019, the Sabeni silat was recognized as an intangible cultural heritage of Jakarta, with Registration No.: 201900925.[3]
History
[edit]Sabeni bin Canam was born in 1860 in Kebon Pala hamlet of Tanah Abang.[2] He learned silat from Hajji Syuhud and Hajji Ma'il, the Betawinese martial artists who lived in the vicinity of Tanah Abang.[2] He then combined the skills he learned from his two masters, and with their permissions created the Sabeni silat style.[2]
During the Dutch colonial period, Sabeni worked as a public security head (Betawi: serean) at the subdistrict level (Dutch: Onderdistrict).[2] The Sabeni silat school history recorded that Sabeni started to become recognized when he won in a friendly match against a well-known silat champion from Kemayoran district.[2] He then won against several Kuntau masters sent by Dutch landlords to fight him in public fights at Prinsen Park (now Lokasari Park, Mangga Besar); and during the Japanese occupation period, he continued to win against Japanese martial artists in matches organized by the Japanese military administration (Japanese: Gunseikanbu).[2] Sabeni's disciples took part in the physical resistance during the Indonesian struggle for independence.[1]
Sabeni died on August 15, 1945, and his silat style was continued by his descendants and disciples.[2][3] In 2016, there were at least 6 silat schools or silat communities that taught Sabeni silat style in the Tanah Abang district.[2]
Forms
[edit]Some characteristics of the Sabeni silat are close proximity fighting positions, fast and flexible hand movements, and foot strokes aimed at slamming the opponent.[3] The silat moves tend to prioritize attacking and waiting for opportunities to open up the opponent's weaknesses.[3]
The following are the names of the main forms in Sabeni silat (Cing Mus lineage), as follows:[3]
- Jalan Cara Cina (Chinese Step)
- Kelabang Nyebrang (Crossing Centipede)
- Empat Persegi (Four Square)
- Empat Kelima Pancer (Four Fifth Center)
- Sela Bumi (Earth's Crack)
Each of the forms has many subforms (kembangan) that can be practised up to hundreds. Some of them are:[2]
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Along with the development of the Sabeni silat, there are slight differences in the naming, sequence, movement, and application of the forms in various schools that teach this style.[2][4]
School's lineage
[edit]| H. Syuhud (silat master) | H. Isma'il (silat master) | Habib Alwi Al Habsyi (religious teacher) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sabeni bin Canam | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non family disciples | Sya'ban (father-in-law) | M. Saleh Sabeni (Sabeni's son & Macan Kemayoran's grandchild) | Mustofa Sabeni (Sabeni's 6th son) | M. Ali Sabeni (Sabeni's 7th son) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Family disciples | Children and other nephews of Cing Mus | {{{RAM}}} | Zul Bachtiar (Aba Ali's 2nd son) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See also
[edit]- Indonesian martial arts
- National Intangible Cultural Heritage of Indonesia
- Pencak Silat
- Styles of silat
References
[edit]- ^ a b Wilson, Ian Douglas (2015-03-24). The Politics of Protection Rackets in Post-New Order Indonesia: Coercive Capital, Authority and Street Politics. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-04208-0.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Nawi, G. J. (2016). Maen Pukulan Pencak Silat Khas Betawi: Maen Pukulan Pencak Silat Khas Betawi (in Indonesian). Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia. pp. 148–160. ISBN 978-979-461-983-4.
- ^ a b c d e f g Direktorat Warisan dan Diplomasi Budaya (16 September 2019). "Silat Sabeni Tenabang". Indonesiana Platform Kebudayaan (in Indonesian). Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia. Retrieved 2020-03-17.
- ^ a b "Seni Maen Pukulan Sabeni Tenabang: Silat Tradisional Asli Betawi". sabenitenabang.com. Seni Maen Pukulan Sabeni Tenabang <Zul Bachtir>. 2017. Retrieved 2020-03-17.