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SDSS 1624+00

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SDSS 1624+00

VLT/HAWKI J-band image of SDSS 1624+00 (yellow crosshair)
Observation data
Epoch J2000      Equinox J2000
Constellation Ophiuchus
Right ascension 16h 24m 14.37s
Declination +00° 29′ 15.82″
Characteristics
Evolutionary stage brown dwarf
Spectral type T6[1][2]
Apparent magnitude (i) 22.70 ±0.27[3]
Apparent magnitude (z) 19.02 ±0.04[3]
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)-30.7 ±3.0[4] km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: -373 ±2 mas/yr[5]
Dec.: -9 ±2 mas/yr[5]
Parallax (π)90.9 ± 1.2 mas[6]
Distance35.9 ± 0.5 ly
(11.0 ± 0.1 pc)
Details
Mass23+52
−16[7] MJup
Luminosity (bolometric)10−5.228 ± 0.013[8] L☉
Surface gravity (log g)4.8 ±0.7[7] cgs
Temperature987+22
−60[8] K
Rotational velocity (v sin i)38.5 ±2.0[9] km/s
Age0.6+9.4
−0.5[7] Gyr
Other designations
2MASS J16241436+0029158, WISE J162414.09+002915.6, SDSS J162414.37+002915.6, CNS5 4015, TIC 5791302
Database references
SIMBADdata

SDSS 1624+00 (also known as SDSSp J162414.371+002915.6) is the first T dwarf discovered in the field, meaning it does free-float in space and does not belong to a group of stars.[3]

The object was discovered after Gliese 229B and at around the same time Gliese 570D was discovered.[10] SDSS 1624+00 was discovered in 1999 with preliminary data of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. It was selected because of its extreme red color (i-z=3.77 ±0.21 mag). Optical spectroscopy was obtained with the Apache Point 3.5 m telescope and near-infrared photometry and spectroscopy with the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope. The spectrum showed absorption due to water vapor, methane and caesium and the spectrum was similar to Gliese 229B, but with SDSS 1624+00 showing a stronger potassium line. It is 1.2 mag fainter than Gliese 229B, which helped to constrain the distance to around 10 parsec.[3]

A red spectrum was obtained with the Keck Observatory. The researchers found that SDSS 1624+00 is likely warmer than Gliese 229B, due to stronger absorption by alkali metals (caesium, potassium and sodium).[11] Later it was discovered that Gliese 229B is a binary, which can cause differences in the spectrum.[12] SDSS 1624+00 was assigned a spectral type of T6 by two teams at the same time.[1][2]

SDSS 1624+00 was one of the few T-dwarfs observed with JWST NIRSpec and MIRI spectroscopy, which revealed additional molecules in its atmosphere, namely carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and ammonia.[8]

Potential variability

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Additional near-infrared spectra were obtained with the Subaru Telescope. The multiple spectra taken over a period of 80 minutes showed possible variability in the water vapor absorption.[13] Later observations did not find water vapor variability in spectra with the Very Large Telescope.[14] Potential strong water vapor variability was also found with Hubble WFC3.[15] Observations on Kitt Peak 2.1 m telescope also found low significance evidence for variability of this T-dwarf.[16] Analysis of archived WFC3 data later found it not to be variable.[17]

References

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  1. ^ a b Burgasser, Adam J.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Brown, Michael E.; Reid, I. Neill; Burrows, Adam; Liebert, James; Matthews, Keith; Gizis, John E.; Dahn, Conard C.; Monet, David G.; Cutri, Roc M.; Skrutskie, Michael F. (2002-01-01). "The Spectra of T Dwarfs. I. Near-Infrared Data and Spectral Classification". The Astrophysical Journal. 564 (1): 421–451. arXiv:astro-ph/0108452. Bibcode:2002ApJ...564..421B. doi:10.1086/324033. ISSN 0004-637X.
  2. ^ a b Geballe, T. R.; Knapp, G. R.; Leggett, S. K.; Fan, X.; Golimowski, D. A.; Anderson, S.; Brinkmann, J.; Csabai, I.; Gunn, J. E.; Hawley, S. L.; Hennessy, G.; Henry, T. J.; Hill, G. J.; Hindsley, R. B.; Ivezić, Ž. (2002-01-01). "Toward Spectral Classification of L and T Dwarfs: Infrared and Optical Spectroscopy and Analysis". The Astrophysical Journal. 564 (1): 466–481. arXiv:astro-ph/0108443. Bibcode:2002ApJ...564..466G. doi:10.1086/324078. ISSN 0004-637X.
  3. ^ a b c d Strauss, Michael A.; Fan, Xiaohui; Gunn, James E.; Leggett, S. K.; Geballe, T. R.; Pier, Jeffrey R.; Lupton, Robert H.; Knapp, G. R.; Annis, James; Brinkmann, J.; Crocker, J. H.; Csabai, István; Fukugita, Masataka; Golimowski, David A.; Harris, Frederick H. (1999-09-01). "The Discovery of a Field Methane Dwarf from Sloan Digital Sky Survey Commissioning Data". The Astrophysical Journal. 522 (1): L61–L64. arXiv:astro-ph/9905391. Bibcode:1999ApJ...522L..61S. doi:10.1086/312218. ISSN 0004-637X.
  4. ^ Hsu, Chih-Chun; Burgasser, Adam J.; Theissen, Christopher A.; Gelino, Christopher R.; Birky, Jessica L.; Diamant, Sharon J. M.; Bardalez Gagliuffi, Daniella C.; Aganze, Christian; Blake, Cullen H.; Faherty, Jacqueline K. (2021-12-01). "The Brown Dwarf Kinematics Project (BDKP). V. Radial and Rotational Velocities of T Dwarfs from Keck/NIRSPEC High-resolution Spectroscopy". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 257 (2): 45. arXiv:2107.01222. Bibcode:2021ApJS..257...45H. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ac1c7d. ISSN 0067-0049.
  5. ^ Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Cruz, Kelle L.; Shara, Michael M.; Walter, Frederick M.; Gelino, Christopher R. (2009-01-01). "The Brown Dwarf Kinematics Project I. Proper Motions and Tangential Velocities for a Large Sample of Late-Type M, L, and T Dwarfs". The Astronomical Journal. 137 (1): 1–18. arXiv:0809.3008. Bibcode:2009AJ....137....1F. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/137/1/1. ISSN 0004-6256.
  6. ^ Tinney, C. G.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy (2003-08-01). "Infrared Parallaxes for Methane T Dwarfs". The Astronomical Journal. 126 (2): 975–992. arXiv:astro-ph/0304339. Bibcode:2003AJ....126..975T. doi:10.1086/376481. ISSN 0004-6256.
  7. ^ a b c Del Burgo, C.; Martín, E. L.; Zapatero Osorio, M. R.; Hauschildt, P. H. (2009-07-01). "Physical parameters of T dwarfs derived from high-resolution near-infrared spectra". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 501 (3): 1059–1071. arXiv:0903.4461. Bibcode:2009A&A...501.1059D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200810752. ISSN 0004-6361.
  8. ^ a b c Beiler, Samuel A.; Cushing, Michael C.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Schneider, Adam C.; Mukherjee, Sagnick; Marley, Mark S.; Marocco, Federico; Smart, Richard L. (2024-10-01). "Precise Bolometric Luminosities and Effective Temperatures of 23 Late-T and Y Dwarfs Obtained with JWST". The Astrophysical Journal. 973 (2): 107. arXiv:2407.08518. Bibcode:2024ApJ...973..107B. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad6301. ISSN 0004-637X.
  9. ^ Zapatero Osorio, M. R.; Martín, E. L.; Bouy, H.; Tata, R.; Deshpande, R.; Wainscoat, R. J. (2006-08-01). "Spectroscopic Rotational Velocities of Brown Dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal. 647 (2): 1405–1412. arXiv:astro-ph/0603194. Bibcode:2006ApJ...647.1405Z. doi:10.1086/505484. ISSN 0004-637X.
  10. ^ Burgasser; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Cutri, Roc M.; McCallon, Howard; Kopan, Gene; Gizis, John E.; Liebert, James; Reid, I. Neill; et al. (2000). "Discovery of a Brown Dwarf Companion to Gliese 570ABC: A 2MASS T Dwarf Significantly Cooler than Gliese 229B". The Astrophysical Journal. 531 (1): L57–L60. arXiv:astro-ph/0001194. Bibcode:2000ApJ...531L..57B. doi:10.1086/312522. PMID 10673414. S2CID 19109066.
  11. ^ Liebert, James; Reid, I. Neill; Burrows, Adam; Burgasser, Adam J.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Gizis, John E. (2000-04-01). "An Improved Red Spectrum of the Methane or T Dwarf SDSS 1624+0029: The Role of the Alkali Metals". The Astrophysical Journal. 533 (2): L155–L158. arXiv:astro-ph/0003068. Bibcode:2000ApJ...533L.155L. doi:10.1086/312619. ISSN 0004-637X. PMID 10770713.
  12. ^ Xuan, Jerry W.; Mérand, A.; Thompson, W.; Zhang, Y.; Lacour, S.; Blakely, D.; Mawet, D.; Oppenheimer, R.; Kammerer, J.; Batygin, K.; Sanghi, A.; Wang, J.; Ruffio, J.-B.; Liu, M. C.; Knutson, H. (2024-10-16). "The cool brown dwarf Gliese 229 B is a close binary". Nature: 1–5. arXiv:2410.11953. doi:10.1038/s41586-024-08064-x. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 39415016.
  13. ^ Nakajima, Tadashi; Tsuji, Takashi; Maihara, Toshinori; Iwamuro, Fumihide; Motohara, Ken-taro; Taguchi, Tomoyuki; Hata, Ryuji; Tamura, Motohide; Yamashita, Takuya (2000-02-01). "Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of the Cool Brown Dwarf, SDSS 1624+00". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 52: 87–92. arXiv:astro-ph/9912530. Bibcode:2000PASJ...52...87N. doi:10.1093/pasj/52.1.87. ISSN 0004-6264.
  14. ^ Goldman, B.; Cushing, M. C.; Marley, M. S.; Artigau, É.; Baliyan, K. S.; Béjar, V. J. S.; Caballero, J. A.; Chanover, N.; Connelley, M.; Doyon, R.; Forveille, T.; Ganesh, S.; Gelino, C. R.; Hammel, H. B.; Holtzman, J. (2008-08-01). "CLOUDS search for variability in brown dwarf atmospheres. Infrared spectroscopic time series of L/T transition brown dwarfs". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 487 (1): 277–292. arXiv:0801.2371. Bibcode:2008A&A...487..277G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20065075. ISSN 0004-6361.
  15. ^ Buenzli, Esther; Apai, Dániel; Radigan, Jacqueline; Reid, I. Neill; Flateau, Davin (2014-02-01). "Brown Dwarf Photospheres are Patchy: A Hubble Space Telescope Near-infrared Spectroscopic Survey Finds Frequent Low-level Variability". The Astrophysical Journal. 782 (2): 77. arXiv:1312.5294. Bibcode:2014ApJ...782...77B. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/782/2/77. ISSN 0004-637X.
  16. ^ Heinze, Aren N.; Metchev, Stanimir; Kellogg, Kendra (2015-03-01). "Weather on Other Worlds. III. A Survey for T Dwarfs with High-amplitude Optical Variability". The Astrophysical Journal. 801 (2): 104. arXiv:1412.6733. Bibcode:2015ApJ...801..104H. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/801/2/104. ISSN 0004-637X.
  17. ^ Oliveros-Gomez, Natalia; Manjavacas, Elena; Ashraf, Afra; Bardalez-Gagliuffi, Daniella C.; Vos, Johanna M.; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Karalidi, Theodora; Apai, Daniel (2022-11-01). "Informed Systematic Method to Identify Variable Mid- and Late-T Dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal. 939 (2): 72. arXiv:2210.01789. Bibcode:2022ApJ...939...72O. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac96f2. ISSN 0004-637X.
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