Rubulavirinae

Rubulavirinae
	TEM micrograph of a Mumps orthorubulavirus particle
Virus classification
(unranked):	Virus
Realm:	Riboviria
Kingdom:	Orthornavirae
Phylum:	Negarnaviricota
Class:	Monjiviricetes
Order:	Mononegavirales
Family:	Paramyxoviridae
Subfamily:	Rubulavirinae
Genera
	Orthorubulavirus; Pararubulavirus;

Rubulavirinae is a subfamily of viruses in the family Paramyxoviridae.^[1] Humans, apes, pigs, and dogs serve as natural hosts. There are currently 18 species in the two genera Orthorubulavirus and Pararubulavirus.^[1] Diseases associated with this genus include mumps.^[2] Members of the subfamily are collectively called rubulaviruses. The subfamily was previously a genus named Rubulavirus but was elevated to subfamily in 2018.^[1] Viruses of this subfamily appear to be most closely related to members of Avulavirinae.^[3]

Taxonomy

Subfamily: Rubulavirinae

Genus: Orthorubulavirus

Genus: Pararubulavirus

Structure

Rubulavirions are enveloped, with spherical geometries. The diameter is around 150 nm. Rubulavirus genomes are linear, around 15kb in length. The genome codes for 8 proteins.^[2]

Genus	Structure	Symmetry	Capsid	Genomic arrangement	Genomic segmentation
Rubulavirus	Spherical		Enveloped	Linear	Monopartite

Life cycle

Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cells is achieved after viral attachment to host cells. Replication follows the negative stranded RNA virus replication model. Negative-stranded RNA virus transcription, using polymerase stuttering, through co-transcriptional RNA editing is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by budding. Humans, apes, pigs, and dogs serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are respiratory and saliva.^[2]

Genus	Host details	Tissue tropism	Entry details	Release details	Replication site	Assembly site	Transmission
Rubulavirus	Humans; apes; pigs; dogs	None	Glycoprotein	Budding	Cytoplasm	Cytoplasm	Aerosols; saliva

Clinical symptoms

The virus often infects children and adults who have evaded the virus during childhood. It is associated with mild upper respiratory symptoms and swelling of the salivary glands including the parotid gland. The virus also has the potential to infect testis, CNS and pancreas.^[4]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c "Virus Taxonomy: 2019 Release". talk.ictvonline.org. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
^ McCarthy AJ, Goodman SJ (2010). "Reassessing conflicting evolutionary histories of the Paramyxoviridae and the origins of respiroviruses with Bayesian multigene phylogenies". Infect. Genet. Evol. 10 (1): 97–107. doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2009.11.002. PMID 19900582.
^ Cornelissen, Cynthia Nau (2020). Lippincott Illustrated Reviews: Microbiology (4th ed.). Wolters Kluwer. p. 322.

External links

[ictv-1] "Virus Taxonomy: 2019 Release". talk.ictvonline.org. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Retrieved 8 May 2020.

[ViralZone-2] "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 13 August 2015.

[McCarthy2010-3] McCarthy AJ, Goodman SJ (2010). "Reassessing conflicting evolutionary histories of the Paramyxoviridae and the origins of respiroviruses with Bayesian multigene phylogenies". Infect. Genet. Evol. 10 (1): 97–107. doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2009.11.002. PMID 19900582.

[4] Cornelissen, Cynthia Nau (2020). Lippincott Illustrated Reviews: Microbiology (4th ed.). Wolters Kluwer. p. 322.

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