Ru₃₆₀

Ru360
Names
	IUPAC name azanide;formic acid;ruthenium(5+);trichloride;hydrate
	Other names Ru360; (μ)[(HCO2)(NH3)4Ru]2OCl3; Obftar
Identifiers
CAS Number	133399-54-9;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChemSpider	169680;
PubChem CID	195745 charge error;
	InChI InChI=1S/2CH2O2.3ClH.8H3N.O.2Ru/c22-1-3;;;;;;;;;;;;;;/h21H,(H,2,3);31H;81H3;;;/q;;;;;;;;;;;;;-2;+3;+4/p-5 Key: WQWDSQZHHKHDOS-UHFFFAOYSA-I;
	SMILES C(=O)[O-].C(=O)[O-].N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ru+3][O-2][Ru+4];
Properties
Chemical formula	C2H26Cl3N8O5Ru2
Molar mass	550.77 g·mol−1
Appearance	Reddish brown solid
Solubility in water	deoxygenated H2O
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

Ru₃₆₀ is an oxo-bridged dinuclear ruthenium ammine complex with an absorption spectrum maximum at 360 nm. It is an analog of ruthenium red, a well-known effective inhibitor of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter.^[1]

Ru₃₆₀ was discovered after scientists found that commercial preparations of ruthenium red were often less than 20% pure, and that the crude mixture produced a stronger inhibition than the purified product.^[2] This component was later isolated and its structure determined,^[1] Ru₃₆₀ has structural formula (μ-O)[(HCO₂)(NH₃)₄Ru]₂Cl₃, that is, an oxygen-linked chain only two octahedral ruthenium–ammine units rather than the three of ruthenium red. One of the ruthenium atoms is in a +3 oxidation state, and the other in a +4 oxidation state. In addition to the four ammonia ligands, each ruthenium also has one formate group and there are a total of three chloride ions to balance the charge. In solution, chloride or hydroxide groups displace the formates.^[1]

Since Ru₃₆₀ inhibits the flow of calcium into mitochondria, which can prevent the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, it has been investigated as a therapeutic treatment for stroke and heart attack.^[3]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Ying, W. L.; Emerson, J.; Clarke, M. J.; Sanadi, D. R. (1991-05-21). "Inhibition of mitochondrial calcium ion transport by an oxo-bridged dinuclear ruthenium ammine complex". Biochemistry. 30 (20): 4949–4952. doi:10.1021/bi00234a016. ISSN 0006-2960. PMID 2036363.
^ Broekemeier, K. M.; Krebsbach, R. J.; Pfeiffer, D. R. (1994-10-12). "Inhibition of the mitochondrial Ca²⁺ uniporter by pure and impure ruthenium red". Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry. 139 (1): 33–40. doi:10.1007/bf00944201. ISSN 0300-8177. PMID 7531818. S2CID 516473.
^ García-Rivas, G. de J.; Carvajal, K.; Correa, F.; Zazueta, C. (2006-12-01). "Ru₃₆₀, a specific mitochondrial calcium uptake inhibitor, improves cardiac post-ischaemic functional recovery in rats in vivo". British Journal of Pharmacology. 149 (7): 829–837. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706932. ISSN 0007-1188. PMC 2014682. PMID 17031386.

[:0-1] Ying, W. L.; Emerson, J.; Clarke, M. J.; Sanadi, D. R. (1991-05-21). "Inhibition of mitochondrial calcium ion transport by an oxo-bridged dinuclear ruthenium ammine complex". Biochemistry. 30 (20): 4949–4952. doi:10.1021/bi00234a016. ISSN 0006-2960. PMID 2036363.

[2] Broekemeier, K. M.; Krebsbach, R. J.; Pfeiffer, D. R. (1994-10-12). "Inhibition of the mitochondrial Ca²⁺ uniporter by pure and impure ruthenium red". Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry. 139 (1): 33–40. doi:10.1007/bf00944201. ISSN 0300-8177. PMID 7531818. S2CID 516473.

[3] García-Rivas, G. de J.; Carvajal, K.; Correa, F.; Zazueta, C. (2006-12-01). "Ru₃₆₀, a specific mitochondrial calcium uptake inhibitor, improves cardiac post-ischaemic functional recovery in rats in vivo". British Journal of Pharmacology. 149 (7): 829–837. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706932. ISSN 0007-1188. PMC 2014682. PMID 17031386.

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