Robert Dunbar
Robert Dunbar (13 December 1812 – 18 September 1890) was a Scottish mechanical engineer. He designed the first steam-powered grain elevator in the world and the majority of the first grain elevators in Buffalo, New York City, and Canada.
Early life
[edit]Dunbar was born in Carnbee, Scotland. His birth is recorded as 13 December 1812.[1] His father was William Dunbar, a mechanical engineer who came from a family line of engineers. Dunbar immigrated with his family to Pickering, Ontario, while a boy of 12.[2] He went to high school and college in Canada.[1] He took an interest in mechanics and learned mechanical engineering.[3]
Career
[edit]Dunbar took charge of the shipyard at Niagara, Ontario, in 1832. He renovated the docks and their machinery. Dunbar later settled in Black Rock, Buffalo, New York, in 1834. He associated himself with Charles W. Evans and constructed flourmills.[2] With financing by entrepreneur Joseph Dart, Dunbar designed and built at Buffalo in 1842 the first steam-powered grain elevator in the world.[1][4][5][6][7][8]
The invention had a profound effect on Buffalo and the movement of grains on the Great Lakes and around the world:[9]
The grain elevator developed as a mechanical solution to the problem of raising grain from the lake boats to bulk storage bins, where it remained until being lowered for shipment on canal boats or railroad cars. Less than fifteen years after Joseph Dart's invention of the grain elevator, Buffalo had become the world's largest grain port, surpassing Odessa, Russia; London, England; and Rotterdam, Holland.
He built nearly all the grain elevators in Buffalo, which made the city one of the largest grain markets in the United States.[10][11] Dunbar built and designed the majority of the first grain elevators in Canada and New York City.[10] He constructed other grain elevators in Liverpool and Hull in England and in Odessa, Russia.[10] He constructed grain elevators in many other grain shipping ports around the world.[10] Dunbar's grain elevator innovations are still in use. Dunbar was a senior partner in a firm called Robert Dunbar & Son. They were grain elevator architects, engineers, and contractors. Dunbar became a wealthy man because of his innovations in grain elevators.[12]
Family
[edit]Dunbar married Sarah M. Howell on 26 August 1840. Two of his sons were William J. Dunbar and Robert Dunbar. A third son, George H. Dunbar, became proprietor of the Eagle Iron Works of Buffalo. He also had two daughters, Mary G. Dunbar and Emma G. Dunbar.[12]
Death
[edit]Dunbar died 18 September 1890.[1]
Legacy
[edit]He is known as "the father of the great grain elevator system."[1][3][13]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e Dixon 2008, p. 264.
- ^ a b Brown 2009, p. 109.
- ^ a b Hall 1896, p. 265.
- ^ Alchin, Linda (2015). "Grain Elevators". Siteseen Ltd. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
Grain elevators were invented in 1842 by Joseph Dart and Robert Dunbar in Buffalo, New York to address the problem of unloading and storing grain transported via the Erie Canal.
- ^ Green 1888, p. 437.
- ^ Kane 1997, p. 4.
- ^ LaChiusa 2014.
- ^ Holder 2013, pp. 5–6.
- ^ "Nomination – Great Northern Grain Elevator 250 Ganson Street, Buffalo, NY". Buffalo Preservation Board. 10 April 2010. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
- ^ a b c d Tarbet 2015, p. 8.
- ^ Zimmer 1922, p. 720.
- ^ a b Hall 1896, p. 266.
- ^ Welch 1891, p. 154.
- Behrens, Scott Derek. Thesis: From Grain to Waste: Repurposing Buffalo's Grain Elevators (PDF) (Ph.D). hdl:1903/14860.
In 1842, Dart built the first steam-powered grain elevator
- Brown, William J. (2009). American Colossus: The Grain Elevator, 1843 to 1943. Lulu.com. ISBN 978-0-578-01261-2.
- Dixon, Laurinda S. (2008). Twenty-first-century Perspectives on Nineteenth-century Art: Essays in Honor of Gabriel P. Weisberg. Associated University Presse. ISBN 978-0-87413-011-9.
In 1842, Dart financed the construction of the first steam-powered grain elevator, the name by which these new structures for storing, weighing, and shipping grain came to be called.
- Green, H.J. (1888). "Buffalo's First Elevators and Mills". The Northwestern Miller. 26. Miller Publishing Company: 437. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
To Joseph Dart is due the honor of erecting the first storage and transfer steam-powered elevator in the world.
- Hall, Henry (1896). America's Successful Men of Affairs: The United States at large. New York tribune. p. 265.
- Holder, Robert (August 2013). The Beginnings of Buffalo Industry (PDF). pp. 5–6.
- Kane, Joseph Nathan (1997). Famous First Facts, Fifth Edition. The H. W. Wilson Company. ISBN 0-8242-0930-3.
The first grain elevator operated by steam to transfer and store grain for commercial purposes was designed by Robert Dunbar and made by Jewett and Root for Joseph Dart, Buffalo, NY, in 1842. The first cargo of corn was unloaded on June 22, 1843, from the South America.
- LaChiusa, Chuck (2014). "History of Buffalo – Joseph Dart". Center for the Study of Art, Architecture, History and Nature. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
- Tarbet, David W. (26 June 2015). Grain Dust Dreams. SUNY Press. ISBN 978-1-4384-5818-2.
- Welch, Samuel Manning (1891). Home History: Recollections of Buffalo During the Decade from 1830 to 1840, Or, Fifty Years Since : Descriptive and Illustrative, with Incidents and Anecdotes. Peter Paul & Bro. p. 154.
- Zimmer, George Frederick (1922). The Mechanical Handling and Storing of Material: Being a Treatise on the Automatic and Semi-automatic Handling and Storing of Commercial Products. C. Lockwood and Son.
External links
[edit]- "The First Grain Elevator: Early Grain Elevators". The Industrial Heritage Trail. Historical Marker Project. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
It was during this time that Buffalo entrepreneur Joseph Dart and engineer Robert Dunbar constructed the first steam-powered grain elevator and storage warehouse in the world.