Richard Olivier de Longueil
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Richard Olivier de Longueil (1406–1470) (called the Cardinal of Coutances or the Cardinal of Eu) was a French Roman Catholic bishop and cardinal.
Biography
[edit]Richard Olivier de Longueil was born in Lisieux on 18 December 1406, the son of Guillaume III de Longueil, sieur of Eu, and his second wife, Catherine de Bourguenole.[1] His family was an old noble family from Normandy.[1]
After receiving a licentiate in law, Longueil became a protonotary apostolic.[1] He went on to become president of the Chambre des comptes and cantor of Lisieux Cathedral.[1] He became a canon of Rouen Cathedral and Archdeacon of Eu.[1] In 1452, the cathedral chapter of Rouen Cathedral wished to make him Archbishop of Rouen, but he declined.[1]
In 1453, he was elected Bishop of Countances.[1] He was consecrated as a bishop on 28 September 1453.[1] He was preconized as bishop by Pope Callixtus III on 3 October 1453 and took the oath of loyalty to Charles VII of France on 12 May 1454.[1] He occupied the see of Coutances until his death.[1]
On 11 June 1455 Pope Callixtus III named Bishop Longueil, along with Guillaume d'Estouteville, Archbishop of Rouen and Guillaume Chartier, Bishop of Paris, to a papal commission charged with posthumously retrying Joan of Arc.[1] Her rehabilitation was pronounced in the archiepiscopal palace of Rouen on 7 July 1456.[1] Pleased with this outcome, Charles VII named Longueil to the Grand Conseil and later honored him with his trust by naming him as Charles' envoy on a mission to Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy.[1]
At the request of the King of France, Pope Callixtus III made Longueil a cardinal priest in the consistory of 17 December 1456.[1] He did not participate in the papal conclave of 1458 and the red hat did not arrive in France until later in 1458.[1] Shortly after, in the Estates General, he proposed revoking the Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges (1438); for this action, he was praised by Pope Pius II and fined 10,000 livres by the Estates.[1]
On 15 August 1461 he attended the coronation of Louis XI of France and shortly thereafter resigned as president of the Chambres des comptes.[1]
Louis XI revoked the Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges and Cardinal Longueil was part of a delegation (including Jean Jouffroy, Bishop of Arras) sent to inform the pope.[1] They arrived in Rome on 12 March 1462, were received by the pope on 14 March and the ceremony recognizing the abrogation of the Pragmatic Sanction took place in a consistory held on 16 March.[1] In that same consistory, Longueil was given the titular church of Sant'Eusebio.[1]
Cardinal Longueil now fixed his residence in Rome and became a close adviser of the pope.[1] As a result of his having left France, on 24 May 1463 the Conseil du Roi issued an order stopping all his benefices.[1]
He participated in the papal conclave of 1464 that elected Pope Paul II.[1] The new pope named him archpriest of St Mark's Basilica, Venice.[1] On 1 October 1464 the pope named him papal legate to Perugia. He returned to Rome on 10 February 1468.[1]
He died in Sutri on 19 August 1470. He was buried in St Mark's Basilica.[1] His death was commemorated in Rouen Cathedral on 1 August until the time of the French Revolution.[1]
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