Riamilovir, sold under the brand name Triazavirin, is a broad-spectrum antiviral drug developed in Russia through a joint effort of Ural Federal University, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ural Center for Biopharma Technologies and Medsintez Pharmaceutical.[1] It has a novel triazolotriazine core, which represents a new structural class of non-nucleoside antiviral drugs.[2]
The principal action of riamilovir is to inhibit the synthesis of viral ribonucleic acid (RNA) and the replication of viral genomic fragments through its synthetic analogue to the bases of purine nucleosides.[3][4][5]
It was originally developed as a potential treatment for pandemic influenza strains such as H5N1, and most of the testing that has been done has focused on its anti-influenza activity.[5][3][6][7][8] However, riamilovir has also been found to have antiviral activity against a number of other viruses including tick-borne encephalitis virus,[4][9] and is also being investigated for potential application against a lethal influenza infection and secondary bacterial pneumonia following influenza,[10]Lassa fever and Ebola virus disease.[11][12][13][14][15] Riamilovir has passed clinical trials and has shown antiviral activity against ARVI.[16][17][18][19] In 2020, testing of riamilovir was started against SARS-CoV-2 in Russia, China, and South Africa. [20][21][22][23][24][25][excessive citations]
The mechanism of action of riamilovir is controversial. No experimental biochemical studies on the activity of riamilovir relating to SARS-CoV-2 or influenza target proteins have so far been published.[26]
In August 2014, the Ministry of Health of Russia issued a registration certificate for riamilovir (Triazavirin).[27] The active substance of the drug triazavirin is a new active molecule,[2] and can be dispensed by prescription. The production of riamilovir is carried out at a modern pharmaceutical enterprise LLC "Plant Medsintez".[1] The registration procedure for riamilovir has begun in the Republic of South Africa.[24]
^ abLoginova SI, Borisevich SV, Rusinov VL, Ulomskiĭ UN, Charushin VN, Chupakhin ON (2014). "[Investigation of Triazavirin antiviral activity against tick-borne encephalitis pathogen in cell culture]". Antibiotiki i Khimioterapiia (in Russian). 59 (1–2): 3–5. PMID25051708.
^ abLoginova SI, Borisevich SV, Maksimov VA, Bondarev VP, Kotovskaia SK, Rusinov VL, et al. (2007). "[Investigation of triazavirin antiviral activity against influenza A virus (H5N1) in cell culture]". Antibiotiki i Khimioterapiia (in Russian). 52 (11–12): 18–20. PMID19275052.
^Kiselev OI, Deeva EG, Mel'nikova TI, Kozeletskaia KN, Kiselev AS, Rusinov VL, et al. (2012). "[A new antiviral drug Triazavirin: results of phase II clinical trial]". Voprosy Virusologii (in Russian). 57 (6): 9–12. PMID23477247.
^Sologub TV, Tokin II, Midikari AS, Tsvetkov VV (2017). "A comparative efficacy and safety of using antiviral drugs in therapy of patients with influenza". Infekcionnye Bolezni (in Russian). 15 (3): 25–32. doi:10.20953/1729-9225-2017-3-25-32.
^Loginova SY, Borisevich SV, Rusinov VL, Ulomsky EN, Charushin VN, Chupakhin ON, et al. (2015). "[Investigation of Therapeutic Efficacy of Triazavirin Against Experimental Forest-Spring Encephalitis on Albino Mice]". Antibiotiki i Khimioterapiia (in Russian). 60 (7–8): 11–13. PMID26863736.
