Rhinopristiformes
| Rhinopristiformes | |
|---|---|
| |
| Common guitarfish (Rhinobatos rhinobatos) | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Chondrichthyes |
| Subclass: | Elasmobranchii |
| Clade: | Batomorphi |
| Order: | Rhinopristiformes Naylor, et al., 2012 |
| Type species | |
| Pristis pristis | |
Rhinopristiformes /raɪnoʊˈprɪstɪfɔːrmiːz/ is an order of rays, cartilaginous fishes related to sharks, containing shovelnose rays and allied groups.[1][2][3][4]
Families
[edit]Rhinopristiformes contains the following families:[5]
- Trygonorrhinidae Last, Séret & Naylor, 2016 (fiddler rays or banjo rays)
- Rhinobatidae Bonaparte, 1835 (guitarfishes)
- Rhinidae J. P. Müller & Henle, 1841 (bowmouth guitarfishes or wedgefishes)
- Glaucostegidae Last, Séret & Naylor, 2016 (giant guitarfishes)
- Pristidae Bonaparte, 1835 (sawfishes)
Additional families Two additional families are associated with the order but their phylogenetic relationships have not been fully resolved:
- Family Platyrhinidae (thornback rays) [6]
- Family Zanobatidae (panrays) [6][2][3]
The following fossil genera are also possibly rhinopristiforms, but phylogenetic relationships are uncertain:[7]
- †Britobatos Claeson, Underwood & Ward, 2013 (Santonian of Lebanon, likely a stem-platyrhinid)[8]
- †Stahlraja Brito, Leal & Gallo, 2013 (Albian of Brazil, likely a stem-trygonorrhinid)
- †Tethybatis Carvalho, 2004 (Campanian of Italy, likely a stem-trygonorrhinid)
- †Tingitanius Claeson, Underwood & Ward, 2013 (Turonian of Morocco, likely a platyrhinid)[8]
- †Tlalocbatos Brito, Villalobos-Segura & Alvarado-Ortega, 2019 (Albian of Mexico, likely a stem-trygonorrhinid)
The spathobatids, an extinct group of rays from the Late Jurassic of Germany, convergently evolved to closely resemble guitarfishes, but are not thought to be related to rhinopristiforms.[9]
Characteristics
[edit]Species in the order Rhinopristiformes generally exhibit slow growth, late maturity, and low fecundity. Alone or in combination, such features cause fishes in this group to be susceptible to extinction.[10]
Threats
[edit]Rhinopristiformes are more prone to being caught in many different types of fishing equipment, including trawl, gillnet, seine net, and hook-and-line.
They are caught for their meat but most importantly their fins. While the meat is mostly consumed locally the white fins are a delicacy and highly sought after. They are the most valuable part of Rhinopristiformes therefore their fins are in high demand. Both the combination of overfishing and the high desire for their fins has caused the Rhinopristiformes population to rapidly decline.[10]
References
[edit]- ^ Peter Last; William White; Marcelo de Carvalho; Bernard Séret; Matthias Stehmann; Gavin Naylor, eds. (2016). Rays of the World. CSIRO. ISBN 9780643109148.
- ^ a b Naylor, G.J.P.; Caira, J.N.; Jensen, K.; Rosana, K.A.M.; Straube, N.; Lakner, C. (2012). Carrier, J.C.; Musick, J.A.; Heithaus, M.R. (eds.). Elasmobranch Phylogeny: A Mitochondrial Estimate Based on 595 Species (2 ed.). CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida. pp. 31–56.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ^ a b Last, P.R.; Séret, B.; Naylor, G.J.P. (2016). "A new species of guitarfish, Rhinobatos borneensis sp. nov. with a redefinition of the family-level classification in the order Rhinopristiformes (Chondrichthyes: Batoidea)". Zootaxa. 4117 (4): 451–475. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4117.4.1. PMID 27395187.
- ^ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Rhinopristiformes". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2018-08-31.
- ^ "Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes Classification". California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 29 October 2024.
- ^ a b Aschliman; Nishida; Miya; Inoue; Rosana; Naylord (2012). "Body plan convergence in the evolution of skates and rays (Chondrichthyes: Batoidea)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 63 (1): 28–42. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.12.012. PMID 22209858.
- ^ Brito, Paulo M.; Villalobos-Segura, Eduardo; Alvarado-Ortega, Jésus (2019). "A new early cretaceous guitarfish (chondrichthyes, batoidea) from the Tlayúa Formation, Puebla, Mexico". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 90: 155–161. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2018.12.005. ISSN 0895-9811.
- ^ a b Claeson, Kerin M.; Underwood, Charlie J.; Ward, David J. (2013). "† Tingitanius tenuimandibulus, a new platyrhinid batoid from the Turonian (Cretaceous) of Morocco and the cretaceous radiation of the Platyrhinidae". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 33 (5): 1019–1036. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.767266. ISSN 0272-4634.
- ^ Underwood, Charlie J.; Claeson, Kerin M. (2019). "The Late Jurassic ray Kimmerobatis etchesi gen. et sp. nov. and the Jurassic radiation of the Batoidea". Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. 130 (3–4): 345–354. doi:10.1016/j.pgeola.2017.06.009. ISSN 0016-7878.
- ^ a b Jabado R.W. (2018). "The Fate of the Most Threatened Order of Elasmobranchs: Shark-like Batoids (Rhinopristiformes) in the Arabian Sea and Adjacent Waters". Fisheries Research. 204: 448–457. doi:10.1016/j.fishres.2018.03.022.
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