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Rawon

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Rawon
Rawon setan (devil's rawon), a variation served late at night
CourseMain course
Place of originIndonesia
Region or stateSurabaya, Malang, and Ponorogo, East Java
Associated cuisineIndonesia,[1] Singapore[2]
Serving temperatureHot
Main ingredientsMeat, keluak nut

Rawon (Javanese: ꦫꦮꦺꦴꦤ꧀) is an Indonesian beef soup.[3] Originating from the Javanese cuisine of East Java, rawon utilizes the black keluak nut as the main seasoning, which gives a dark color and nutty flavor to the soup; thus rawon is often described as "black beef soup".[1]

In 2024, TasteAtlas rated rawon as the world's best soup. Also Indonesian soup, Soto Betawi followed in the second place.[4]

Ingredients

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Spices, herbs, and condiments commonly used to make rawon: sugar, garlic, shallots, keluak/pucung, candlenut, coriander, pepper, lemongrass, ginger, kencur, galangal, palm sugar, lime leaves and bay leaves.

The soup is composed of a ground mixture of garlic, shallots, keluak, ginger, candlenut, turmeric, red chili, and salt and is sautéed with oil. The sautéed mixture is then poured into the boiled beef stock filled with beef cubes.

Lemongrass, galangal, bay leaves, kaffir lime leaves, and sugar are then added as seasonings.[5] The special dark or black color of rawon comes from the keluak as the main spice. The soup is usually garnished with green onion and fried shallot, and served with rice. Other toppings include bean sprouts, salted preserved egg, krupuk, and fried tolo beans (black-eyed pea).[6]

History

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Rawon is one of the oldest historically identified dishes of ancient Java. It was mentioned as rarawwan in an ancient Javanese Taji inscription (901 CE) from the era of the Mataram Kingdom.[7]

Variants

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There are several variants of rawon, the most popular of which is Surabayan rawon. A version called rawon setan ("devil's rawon") is sold as a late-night meal at Indonesian food stalls open from midnight to dawn, supposedly the hours during which devils roam.[8]

In Balinese cuisine, rawon does not use any keluak—thus, the color is brown instead of black. Additionally, as the Balinese are mostly Hindu, they tend to favor pork over beef.[9]

In Singapore, the dish is known as Nasi Rawon, usually sold at Malay hawker stalls.[10] The dish is usually served with rice, paru (fried beef lung), sambal sotong and gravy made from buah keluak.[2][11]

See also

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References

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rawon.
  1. ^ a b Harilistia, Ivan Thaddeus (24 January 2022). "Rawon, Black Beef Soup to Accompany Your Dining" (in Indonesian). Times Indonesia. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
  2. ^ a b "Best eats: Nasi jenganan and nasi rawon soaked in gravy at Bedok Corner". Channel News Asia. 21 November 2019. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
  3. ^ Indofood corporate website. See "Bumbu Rawon" Archived 2011-06-24 at the Wayback Machine
  4. ^ "Soups of the World: Best Recipes & Restaurants". TasteAtlas. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
  5. ^ Wright, Clifford A. (2009). The Best Soups in the World. John Wiley and Sons. p. 64. ISBN 9780470180525.
  6. ^ "Resep masakan rawon khas jawa". Kulineran (in Indonesian). Retrieved 17 January 2018.
  7. ^ "Menguak Fakta Menu Lalapan Sunda Lewat Prasasti Taji". beritasatu.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 23 December 2017.
  8. ^ "Recipe grombyang rice". Kulineran. 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  9. ^ Kusuma, Made Wijaya (13 February 2023). "Sedapnya! Sate Plecing dan Rawon Babi di Puncak Wanagiri Buleleng" (in Indonesian). detikfood. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
  10. ^ "Discover the top 5 best Nasi Rawon in Singapore". Halal Tag. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
  11. ^ "Makan Spotlight: Nasi Rawon". Timeout. 4 June 2021. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
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