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Raufa Hassan al-Sharki

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Raufa Hassan al-Sharki
Born
Amatalrauf al-Sharki

1958
Sana'a, Yemen
DiedApril 27, 2011
Cairo
CitizenshipYemen
Alma materUniversity of Paris
Known forHuman rights and women's civil rights activism.

Amatalrauf "Raufa Hassan" al-Sharki (Arabic: رؤوفة حسن; 1958 – April 27, 2011) was an educator, feminist[1] and human rights activist from Yemen. She was a professor of mass media and the director of a Women's Studies Center at the University of Sana'a.[2] Al-Sharki was the first female journalist in Yemen[3] and wrote a regular newspaper column for many years.[4]

Biography

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Al-Sharki was born and raised in Sana'a, a town in old sana'a.[5] Al-Sharki's activism started early. When she was twelve, she and seven of her friends walked to the house of the Prime Minister of Yemen, Abdullah al-Kurshumi.[6] Once there, they requested better books for their schools of the same quality as the ones given to boys' schools in Yemen. Al-Kurshmi was impressed with their initiative and allowed them to attend school with boys, marking the first time co-education was permitted in Yemen.[6] Al-Sharki also began working in radio when she was twelve, and this is when she changed her name from Amatalrauf to Raufa Hassan in order to disguise her identity.[5] She did this because while she had the support of her mother in her paid work at the radio, her father would not have supported her. Later, when he found out, he relented and she kept her radio show.[5] While in high school, she was also part of the Yemeni Women's Association (YWA), until it was shut down by religious conservatives in 1973.[5] The YWA provided basic literacy, craft training and radio broadcast training.[7]

Al-Sharki graduated high school in 1975 and went on to Cairo University.[5] She came back from school not wearing a niqab any longer.[5][8] In 1979, Al-Sharki reopening the YWA in Sana'a.[7] In 1984, al-Sharki began to work with the Information Ministry in Yemen.[9] Later, she received her Ph.D from University of Paris in 1991.[6] In 1993, she ran for Parliament in the country's first democratic elections, though she didn't win.[5]

Al-Sharki founded the Empirical Research and Women's Study Center (ERWS) at Sana'a University in 1996.[1] In 1997, she was providing information about educating young women to various media outlets.[10] In 2000, conservative Islamists who were critical of the center, forced the Yemen government to close the center and Al-Sharki left Yemen for the Netherlands.[11] There had been a fatwa issued on her.[12] She was also personally threatened and her telephone calls were monitored.[13] Later, she returned to Yemen in 2004.[14] She continued her work on the Cultural Development Planning Foundation (CDPF) which she started in the 1990s to support cultural projects in Yemen.[9]

One of her goals was to help "women learn how to vote independently" and she once had the support of the Islamist Party in Yemen, Islah.[1] She helped register women voters in Yemen and helped train women to run for office.[15] Her organizations helped register "thousands of women to vote."[16] She also lobbied for freedom of the press and the need for women's rights.[17] Al-Sharki was very vocal during elections, demanding a quota for women in parliament in Yemen and organizing demonstrations by women for women's civil rights.[18] She believed that the status of women in Yemen could only be improved by creating a Yemeni women's movement.[10] Another problem women faced, according to al-Sharki, was that many political decisions continued to be made by men in a patriarchal tribal system.[19]

One of her projects archived dress codes and information about what political leaders in Yemen wore throughout history. In addition to clothing, she also collected flags and stamps from 1948 through 2004 for her 2005 Exhibition of State Dress and Codes of Identity.[6] She continued to discuss clothing, especially how women wore it through history during seminars.[20]

In 2006, she held the position of the Weissberg Chair and was a visiting professor at Beloit College.[21]

Al-Sharki died in a hospital in Cairo in 2011[14] from cancer.[3] Al-Sharki's legacy continues to inspire women and men in Yemen.[14][22][23] In Sana'a, her sister, Taysir al-Sharki, opened the Raufa Hassan Gallery in honor of her memory.[3]

References

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  1. ^ a b c Pulsipher, Lydia Mihelic; Pulsipher, Alex (2009). World Regional Geography Concepts. New York: W. H. Freeman and Company. pp. 230–231. ISBN 9781429223423.
  2. ^ Wyatt, Susan Clough (2009). Arabian Nights and Daze: Living in Yemen with the Foreign Service. New Academia Publishing. p. 226. ISBN 9780982806128.
  3. ^ a b c Adams, Gaar (9 April 2013). "Safe Space for Art Strikes a Chord in Yemen". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 3 August 2015.
  4. ^ Nasser, Afrah (27 April 2011). "Yemen Lost Dr. Raufa Hassan". Afrah Nasser's Blog. Retrieved 3 August 2015.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g McCann, Michelle Roehm; Weldon, Amelie (2012). "Amatalrauf al-Sharki (Raufa Hassan)" (PDF). Girls Who Rocked the World: Heroines From Joan of Arc to Mother Teresa. Aladdin / Beyond Words. pp. 207–211. ISBN 9781582703619. Retrieved 3 August 2015.
  6. ^ a b c d Al-Alaya, Zaid (30 April 2011). "Raufa Hassan, Precious Philanthropist Dies at 53". The Yemen Observer. Archived from the original on 11 September 2011. Retrieved 3 August 2015. Alt URL
  7. ^ a b Nasser, Afrah (10 December 2012). "A Bleak Future for Yemen's Female Leaders". Al-Akbar. Retrieved 3 August 2015.
  8. ^ "Take Off Your Veil to Rock the World". Muslimah Media Watch. Patheos. 30 October 2013. Retrieved 3 August 2015.
  9. ^ a b Nasser, Afrah (29 April 2011). "Dr. Raufa Hassan Is One In a Million". Afrah Nasser's Blog. Retrieved 3 August 2015.
  10. ^ a b Metres, Katherine (1997). "Despite Illustrious Past, Yemeni Women Suffer Discrimination". Washington Report on Middle East Affairs. Retrieved 3 August 2015.
  11. ^ "Gender trouble at 'immoral' centre". Times Higher Education. 16 June 2000. Retrieved 3 August 2015.
  12. ^ Foster, Stephenie (5 May 2011). "Remembering Raufa Hassan". Foreign Policy Association. Retrieved 3 August 2015.
  13. ^ Nejib al-Ashtal, Amel (2012). "A Long, Quiet, and Steady Struggle: The Women's Movement in Yemen". In Arenfeldt, Pernille; Al-Hassan Golley, Nawar (eds.). Mapping Arab Women's Movements: A Century of Transformations from Within. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press. ISBN 9781617973536.
  14. ^ a b c Al-Alaya'a, Zaid (30 April 2012). "In Memory of Dr. Raufa Hassan, Professor of Media and Development". Yemeni Reports and News by Majid al-Kibsi. Retrieved 3 August 2015.
  15. ^ "2005–2006 – Raufa Hassan al-Sharki". Beliot College. Retrieved 3 August 2015.
  16. ^ "In Remembrance: Dr. Raufa Hassan—Activist, Professor, Journalist". The Yemen Peace Project. 27 April 2011. Retrieved 3 August 2015.
  17. ^ Al-Mohattwari, Asma (8 March 2014). "Death Stole Them But Their Work Immortalized Them". National Yemen. Retrieved 3 August 2015.
  18. ^ Heymach, Klaus; Sporrer, Susanne (2006). "The First Real Election Campaign". Qantara. Translated from German by Michael Lawton. Retrieved 3 August 2015.
  19. ^ "Raufa Hassan – Democracy in Yemen". Cross Culture Film (video). YouTube. 2005. Retrieved 3 August 2015.
  20. ^ Nasser, Afrah (29 July 2010). "Yemeni Clothing and Adornment's Culture a Work in Progress". Afrah Nasser's Blog. Retrieved 3 August 2015.
  21. ^ "Raufa Hassan Al-Sharki, 2005–06 Wessberg Chair". Beloit College. Retrieved 3 August 2015.
  22. ^ "Yemeni Women, Leaders and Warriors: Including a note to all Islamophobes from one of the most Veiled Societies in the World". Yemen on the Brink. Retrieved 3 August 2015.
  23. ^ Nasser, Afrah (13 March 2015). "Fail Better, Yemeni Women!". Afrah Nasser's Blog. Retrieved 3 August 2015.
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