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Queen Wondeok

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For other uses, see Princess Yeondeok.
Queen Wondeok
원덕왕후
Crown Princess of Goryeo
Tenure1175–1197
Coronation1175
PredecessorDeposed Crown Princess Yi
SuccessorDeposed Crown Princess Wang
Queen consort of Goryeo
Tenure1212–1213
Coronation1212
PredecessorQueen Seongpyeong
SuccessorQueen Anhye
Queen dowager of Goryeo
Tenure1213–1239
Coronation1213
PredecessorQueen Dowager Jeongseon
SuccessorQueen Dowager Myeongdeok
MonarchKing Gojong (son)
Bornc.1167
Goryeo
Died1239 (aged about 72/3)
Goryeo
Burial
Golleung tomb[1]
San 75, Giljeong-ri, Yangdo-myeon, Ganghwa County, Incheon[2]
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1175; died 1213)​
IssueGojong of Goryeo
Regnal name
  • Princess Yeondeok (연덕궁주; 延德宮主; given in 1212)
  • Queen Mother Wondeok (원덕태후; 元德太后)
  • Grand Queen Mother Wondeok (원덕왕태후; 元德王太后)
Posthumous name
Queen Mother Jeonggang Wondeok[3]
정강원덕태후
(貞康元德太后)
House
FatherWang Sŏng, Marquess Sinan
MotherPrincess Changrak[4]

Queen Wondeok of the Yu clan (Korean: 원덕왕후 유씨; Hanja: 元德王后 柳氏; d. 1239) was a Goryeo royal family member as the descendant of King Munjong. She became queen consort through her marriage to her cousin once removed, King Gangjong, becoming his second wife[5] She then changed her initial clan and became the mother of his only successor, King Gojong. Gangjong was her close relative in the maternal line, but very distant in the paternal line.

At one time, she was the second-in-command in the inner list of the main palace, but was dethroned and came back as a queen consort and queen dowager (first-in-command). Due to the war, her husband was exiled and they hid in Ganghwa Island. She is recognised for her dynamic life.

Biography

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Her father-in-law, King Myeongjong was her mother's brother. So, both she and her husband were first cousins and related by blood to King Sukjong and Queen Myeongui.[6]

Marriage

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She married Crown Prince Wang O in 1175, a year after his first wife's removal, becoming his second wife. In 1192, after 17 years of marriage, they had a son, Wang Jin (the future Gojong, King Anhyo the Great).[7]

However, in 1197, her father-in-law, King Myeongjong was deposed and imprisoned in Changrak Palace by Ch'oe Ch'ung-hŏn and Choe Chung-su. As a result, her husband, as prince, was also dethroned, and she accompanied him in exile to Ganghwa Island. Myeongjong's throne went to his youngest brother, the 53-year-old Wang T'ak. After Wang-Tak's death, the throne was passed to his son, Wang Yŏng.

Life as Queen consort

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In 1212, 14 years after their initial exile, her 60-year-old husband ascended the throne, after Huijong was defeated by the two Choe brothers. She formally became Queen Consort and was given the royal title of Princess Yeondeok (연덕궁주; 延德宮主), and once again resided in the palace of Manwoldae.

It seems that she raised Princess Suryeong, the daughter from her husband's marriage to his first wife. When Princess Suryeong married, she dedicated a tribute to Yeondeok, thanking her for her care.

The Queen was said to have virtue and beauty. One year later, her husband fell ill and died.

Life as Queen mother

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Her husband was succeeded by their only son, to which she later became a queen dowager (태후; 太后). Although the date she formally became a queen dowager was unknown, but in 1215, both she and King Gojong stayed in Western Cheongju Palace (청주동궁; 淸州洞宮) for a while. From this time, she was called as Grand Queen Mother (왕태후; 王太后), but in 1216, her mother died. In order to mourn his maternal grandmother, Gojong was said to wore a So-bok (소복) for three days after her death.

In 1218, her son married one of his relative and one year later, their eldest son and child, Wang Jeon was born. In 1220, her brother, Marquess Yeongin died. In 1232, she left Sangdo (상도; 上都) and moved to Gangdo (강도; 江都) while her daughter-in-law died in the same year. Three years later, Wang Jeon married and in 1236, his eldest son, Wang Sim was born.

Later life and death

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Meanwhile, the queen mother was later died on her 72/3 years old in 1239 after life alone for more than 20 years, which she became the most longest-living Goryeo queen. She then buried in Golleung Tomb (곤릉; 坤陵) which nowadays became the "Historic Site No. 371".[8] Also received her posthumous name of Jeonggang (정강; 靖康) under Gojong's command in 1253.[5][9]

Ancestors

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References

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  1. ^ 문화부, 경기도 강화군 '비능'등 4건 문화재 사적 지정. The Korea Economic Daily Ilbo (in Korean). 10 March 1992. Retrieved October 6, 2021.
  2. ^ "Document". National Museum of Korea (in Korean). Retrieved 2021-05-01.
  3. ^ 韓國女性關係資料集: 中世篇(中) [Collection of Korean Women's Relations: Middle Ages (Part 2)] (in Korean). Ewha Womans University Women's Research Center: Ewha Womans University Press. 1985. p. 41. ISBN 9788973000432.
  4. ^ 고려시대 史料 Database. Goryeosa (in Korean). Retrieved October 5, 2021.
  5. ^ a b 고려시대 史料 Database. Goryeosa (in Korean). Retrieved October 5, 2021.
  6. ^ Lee, Sang-gak (2014). 고려사 - 열정과 자존의 오백년 - Volume 1 [History of Goryeo - Biographies and Self Esteem 500 Years - Volume 1] (in Korean). Deullyeok. ISBN 9791159250248.
  7. ^ 고종 총서. Goryeosa (in Korean). Retrieved October 5, 2021.
  8. ^ [인천의 문화유산] 사적 371호 강화 곤릉. Kyunggi Ilbo (in Korean). 4 April 2018. Retrieved October 6, 2021.
  9. ^ "[한국여성인물사전] 110.원덕태후(元德太后)".
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